EP0937194B1 - Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0937194B1
EP0937194B1 EP97949887A EP97949887A EP0937194B1 EP 0937194 B1 EP0937194 B1 EP 0937194B1 EP 97949887 A EP97949887 A EP 97949887A EP 97949887 A EP97949887 A EP 97949887A EP 0937194 B1 EP0937194 B1 EP 0937194B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine
var
unit
exhaustion
load alternation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97949887A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0937194A1 (fr
Inventor
Edwin Gobrecht
Rolf Langbein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0937194A1 publication Critical patent/EP0937194A1/fr
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Publication of EP0937194B1 publication Critical patent/EP0937194B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/12—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for responsive to temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine guide device and a Method for regulating a load change process in a turbine, especially a steam turbine, taking into account a maximum permissible material load during the load change process takes place.
  • an associated signal is on a turbine speed control device or a power control device transmitted depending on whether the turbine is in an acceleration phase in which the Rotational speed of the shaft is increased, or whether the turbine is in a power coupling phase where the turbine connected to the generator and to the desired power is started up.
  • the process and the associated computer system serve to achieve the shortest possible start-up time considering that for a particular Starting frequency of permissible material stresses.
  • a maximum permissible temperature difference (T m - T 1 ) is specified as a function of the mean temperature T m .
  • the current temperature difference is determined by the turbine control computer and from this the allowance for the maximum permissible temperature difference is calculated.
  • a preview of the expected course of the allowance is also carried out. From these two values, a guide variable is formed, with which the start-up and loading speed can be changed at an early stage by means of a setpoint control for speed and power, thus adapting to the dynamics of the system behavior.
  • the service life consumption is calculated from fatigue fatigue, so that it can be determined in good time and with foresight when the point will be reached when a precise inspection of the turbine is necessary.
  • the start-up mode "normal” corresponds exactly to such a start-up mode, through which 4,000 load changes of the turbine are possible.
  • the "fast” start-up mode leads to a higher load corresponding to approximately 800 possible load changes, and the “slow” start-up mode leads to less material fatigue, so that approximately 10,000 load changes are possible.
  • the object of the invention is a turbine guide device to regulate a load change process of a turbine, by taking into account a maximum allowable Material stress flexible, the operational Corresponding requirements for the generation of electrical energy Change in operating conditions of the turbine achievable is.
  • the task aimed at a turbine guide device is according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and on a method for regulating a load change process
  • a turbine directed task is accomplished by solved the features of claim 7.
  • the advantage of a turbine guide device according to the invention is the direct or indirect specification of the desired time for starting and stopping and changing the power of the turbo set taking physical limits into account.
  • a selection device may be provided. This is one Size for a variable specification of the duration of the load change process feedable, which size in particular the Period of time itself can be.
  • the time period can be freely selected, i.e. physically assume meaningful value. It can be steplessly applied to everyone physically and operationally meaningful value set become.
  • the operator can, depending on the requirement, in particular with regard to the required provision of electrical energy, the duration of a load change from one Initial state can be specified to a target state.
  • a turbine guide variable is given the duration determined in the limiting unit as a function of time in the period between leaving the initial state and Reaching the target state is determined.
  • This turbine benchmark depends on the preselected time (start-up time, Departure time, load change time) preferably also from Initial temperature at the time of the initial state and the Final temperature at the time of the target state, the component geometry, the material used, the vapor state and the temperature level.
  • start-up time, Departure time, load change time preferably also from Initial temperature at the time of the initial state and the Final temperature at the time of the target state, the component geometry, the material used, the vapor state and the temperature level.
  • the turbine guide device preferably has an exhaustion unit on in which a determination of material exhaustion to be carried out according to the turbine guide variable Load change process takes place.
  • the exhaustion unit can calculate additional material exhaustion in advance, so that based on this material depletion and the desired operating time the turbine manually or automatically decided can be whether the load change process is actually in the desired Period of time to be performed. For this, the material fatigue to be expected, preferably via an output medium, such as a screen, a printer etc. shown.
  • the exhaustion unit is preferably used also determining the material exhaustion when the load change process actually in the desired length of time was carried out.
  • the values of additional material exhaustion can also via a corresponding output medium shown and in a storage medium, in particular a storage medium of a computer system become.
  • a corresponding output medium shown and in a storage medium in particular a storage medium of a computer system become.
  • This allows future Load changes in turn each with a corresponding perform flexibly preselectable duration, whereby with already high material exhaustion a more gentle Carrying out the load change (longer time period) or with a sufficiently large reserve (low material exhaustion) a quick load change (short period of time) can be carried out is.
  • the turbine guide device preferably has a control unit and / or a control unit, each with a Actuator of the turbine for regulating and / or controlling the Load change process is connectable.
  • the actuator is preferably a valve through which the Inflow of hot steam is adjustable.
  • the turbine guide device preferably a stress unit on, the system values, such as pressure values or temperature values of the Turbine that can be fed.
  • This stress unit is with connected to the exhaustion unit and / or the limiting unit.
  • the processed in the stress unit or forwarded system values are the limiting unit fed so that a comparison between setpoint and actual value the turbine guide variable is feasible and with a corresponding Deviation a control intervention, i.e. an actuation of the actuator.
  • the additional values are determined based on the system values Material exhaustion, which - as already mentioned - can be saved or displayed.
  • the turbine guide variable preferably represents a measure of the material fatigue
  • the material fatigue is during the Load change process kept largely constant.
  • the turbine benchmark the temperature difference between an average component temperature and a surface component temperature, in particular the turbine shaft or the turbine housing, be, as for example in the above Article "Turbine master computer for thermal monitoring of steam turbines ".
  • System values are preferably stored in the stress unit at different locations on the turbine and at different locations Components (turbine shaft, valves, boiler, etc.) determined. This allows the for different components of the turbine Fatigue levels occurred separately in the exhaustion unit grasped and from it a total exhaustion the turbine or individual components are determined and get saved.
  • turbine guide device as a whole or that individual units as computer programs, as electronic Component or as a circuit and on a microprocessor can be present.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a steam turbine 7 with a generator 13 connected to it and with a turbine guide device 1.
  • the turbine guide device 1 can be supplied with a signal or a variable 20 for the desired time period t v of a load change process (for example via an input device), as indicated by the arrow 20.
  • the signal corresponding to the time period t v is fed to a limiting unit 3.
  • a determination of a respective turbine guide variable VAR is made as a function of the time period t v , so that the load process can be controlled from an initial state A to a target state Z. This is shown enlarged in FIG. 2.
  • the turbine guide variables VAR are formed for the various components to be monitored, such as valve housing, turbine housing and turbine shaft, and represent temperature differences of the temperature T 0 between the respective surface and an integral mean temperature T m of the respective component.
  • Each turbine guide variable VAR represents the temperature difference between the Both temperatures (T 0 - T m ) represent a measure of the thermal stress or thermal expansion and thus of the alternating stress fatigue.
  • the turbine guide variables VAR are determined over the period of time t v in such a way that constant fatigue and thus during the entire period of time t v a constant increase in fatigue occurs.
  • FIG. 2 shows the course for a start-up process in which the average temperature T m is less than the surface temperature T 0 . During a shutdown process (not shown), the average temperature T m is greater than the surface temperature T 0 .
  • the limiting unit 3 is with the exhaustion unit 4 connected, so that the latter the predetermined values of the Turbine guide variables VAR can be supplied.
  • the load change process is used to calculate in advance additional fatigue.
  • This additional fatigue is also on an output medium 11, which is connected to the exhaustion unit 4.
  • the output medium 11 can be a monitor, for example be in the control room (not shown) of the turbine 7 containing power plant is arranged.
  • the difference value from the turbine guide variable VAR and the measured temperature difference (T 0 -T m ) of the component is fed to a setpoint control function unit 2.
  • the permissible speed and power change is determined in the setpoint control function unit 2.
  • a signal for changing the turbine speed and power is sent to a control unit 5, via which an actuator 6, in particular a steam valve, of the turbine 7 is actuated.
  • the inflow of steam into the turbine 7 is thus adjusted in accordance with the turbine guide variable VAR, which also indirectly controls the surface temperature T 0 and the average temperature T m , in particular the turbine shaft.
  • the system values of the turbine 7, in particular the steam temperature, the component temperature and the steam pressures, are recorded by measuring elements (not shown), for example thermocouples, and recorded in a temperature measuring unit 9.
  • This temperature measuring unit 9 is connected to the stress unit 8 and transmits the determined system values to it.
  • the system values are evaluated in the stress unit 8, in particular a calculation of the surface temperature T 0 and the average temperature T m of the turbine shaft. These values are transmitted to the limiting unit 3 and / or to the exhaustion unit 4. In the limiting unit 3, a comparison is made between the setpoint previously determined, in particular in the limiting unit 3, and the actual value of the turbine guide determined in the stress unit 8. size VAR.
  • the control unit 5 performs a corresponding control intervention in the actuator 6 by means of the target value management function.
  • the additional exhaustion ie material fatigue, is determined from the values of the stress unit 8 by the load change process actually carried out. This exhaustion is displayed on the one hand on the output medium 11 and, on the other hand, is optionally stored with additional system values of the turbine 7 in a storage medium 10, in particular a permanent memory of a computer system or another data carrier.
  • the invention is characterized by a turbine guide device which works in a time-oriented, in particular in a starting-time-oriented manner, the time duration of a load change process being infinitely adjustable within a maximum permissible material load. Due to the possibility of setting load change processes in the desired times t v , load change processes can be particularly advantageously adapted to the provisioning requirements.
  • the turbine guide device enables predictive and up-to-date life monitoring. The accumulated fatigue of the monitored turbine components is continuously recorded.

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif (1) de commande de turbine, destiné à réguler un cycle d'effort d'une turbine (7), comprenant une unité (3) de limitation, à laquelle peut être envoyée une grandeur pour une prescription variable de la durée tv du cycle de charge et dans laquelle s'effectue la détermination d'une grandeur (VAR) de commande de turbine pour effectuer le cycle d'effort dans la durée tv, en tenant compte d'une sollicitation maximum admissible du matériau.
  2. Dispositif (1) de commande de turbine suivant la revendication 1, comprenant une unité (4) d'épuisement, qui sert notamment à la détermination préalable de l'épuisement du matériau du cycle d'effort s'effectuant en fonction de la grandeur (VAR) de commande de la turbine.
  3. Dispositif (1) de commande de turbine suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant une unité (5) de régulation, à laquelle peut être envoyée la valeur instantanée de la grandeur (VAR) de commande de la turbine et qui est reliée à un élément (6) d'actionnement de la turbine (7) pour réguler le cycle d'effort.
  4. Dispositif (1) de commande de turbine suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une unité (8) de sollicitation, à laquelle peuvent être envoyées des valeurs de système comme la pression ou la température de la turbine (7) et qui est reliée à l'unité (4) d'épuisement et/ou à l'unité (3) de limitation.
  5. Dispositif (1) de commande de turbine suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité (4) d'épuisement est reliée à un support (10) de mémoire et/ou à un moyen (11) d'émission.
  6. Dispositif (1) de commande de turbine suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la détermination de la grandeur (VAR) de commande de la turbine a lieu dans l'unité (3) de limitation pour effectuer le cycle de charge, de façon qu'elle soit une mesure de la fatigue du matériau, notamment qu'elle soit une différence de température caractérisant la fatigue du matériau, et la fatigue du matériau reste sensiblement constante pendant le cycle d'effort.
  7. Procédé de régulation d'un cycle d'effort d'une turbine (7) s'effectuant en une durée tv et de détermination de l'épuisement du matériau, dans lequel, en tenant compte des paramètres du procédé et du matériau, on détermine au préalable une grandeur (VAR) de commande de turbine caractérisant l'épuisement du matériau se produisant pendant le cycle de charge et on effectue une régulation de la turbine pendant la durée tv par l'intermédiaire de la grandeur (VAR) de commande de turbine, de sorte que la turbine (7) passe dans la durée tv d'un état (A) initial à un état (Z) final.
  8. Procédé suivant la revendication 7, dans lequel on détermine la grandeur (VAR) de commande de la turbine de façon que la fatigue du matériau soit maintenue sensiblement constante pendant la durée tv.
  9. Procédé suivant la revendication 7 ou 8, dans lequel on règle au moins un paramètre de la turbine comme la vitesse de rotation de la turbine, la pression de la vapeur, la température ou la puissance, en mettant en oeuvre la grandeur (VAR) de commande de la turbine.
  10. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel on indique au préalable la fatigue supplémentaire du matériau à laquelle on peut s'attendre en raison du cycle d'effort.
EP97949887A 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine Expired - Lifetime EP0937194B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19646182 1996-11-08
DE19646182 1996-11-08
PCT/DE1997/002607 WO1998021451A1 (fr) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0937194A1 EP0937194A1 (fr) 1999-08-25
EP0937194B1 true EP0937194B1 (fr) 2002-02-13

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EP97949887A Expired - Lifetime EP0937194B1 (fr) 1996-11-08 1997-11-07 Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6239504B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0937194B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4127856B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20000053135A (fr)
CN (1) CN1084824C (fr)
DE (1) DE59706404D1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2193671C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998021451A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7712376B2 (en) 2004-10-29 2010-05-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft-Muenchen Method for determining a parameter characteristic of the fatigue state of a part
US8090545B2 (en) 2005-10-17 2012-01-03 Siemens Aktiengellschaft Method and apparatus for determination of the life consumption of individual components in a fossil fuelled power generating installation, in particular in a gas and steam turbine installation

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JP5457805B2 (ja) * 2009-11-26 2014-04-02 株式会社東芝 発電計画支援装置および方法
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DE102012209139A1 (de) 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Solaranlage
JP6004484B2 (ja) * 2013-03-29 2016-10-12 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 蒸気タービン発電プラント
CN103452605A (zh) * 2013-09-02 2013-12-18 哈尔滨热电有限责任公司 基于dcs系统的背压保护控制方法
CN103485838A (zh) * 2013-09-03 2014-01-01 哈尔滨热电有限责任公司 300mw高背压机组供热抽汽量改变时保护安全裕度及背压保护控制方法
CN103485835A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-01-01 哈尔滨热电有限责任公司 300mw高背压机组系统的背压保护控制方法
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US8090545B2 (en) 2005-10-17 2012-01-03 Siemens Aktiengellschaft Method and apparatus for determination of the life consumption of individual components in a fossil fuelled power generating installation, in particular in a gas and steam turbine installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1234848A (zh) 1999-11-10
RU2193671C2 (ru) 2002-11-27
US6239504B1 (en) 2001-05-29
JP2001504566A (ja) 2001-04-03
DE59706404D1 (de) 2002-03-21
CN1084824C (zh) 2002-05-15
WO1998021451A1 (fr) 1998-05-22
EP0937194A1 (fr) 1999-08-25
KR20000053135A (ko) 2000-08-25
JP4127856B2 (ja) 2008-07-30

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