EP1674667A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le préchauffage d'une turbine à vapeur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le préchauffage d'une turbine à vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1674667A1
EP1674667A1 EP04030351A EP04030351A EP1674667A1 EP 1674667 A1 EP1674667 A1 EP 1674667A1 EP 04030351 A EP04030351 A EP 04030351A EP 04030351 A EP04030351 A EP 04030351A EP 1674667 A1 EP1674667 A1 EP 1674667A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
control system
outer housing
heating
steam turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04030351A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Edwin Gobrecht
Lutz Kahlbau
Wilfried Dr. Ulm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP04030351A priority Critical patent/EP1674667A1/fr
Publication of EP1674667A1 publication Critical patent/EP1674667A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/08—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure
    • F01D17/085—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to condition of working-fluid, e.g. pressure to temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F01D19/02—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith dependent on temperature of component parts, e.g. of turbine-casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/10—Heating, e.g. warming-up before starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F01D25/145—Thermally insulated casings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing stresses in an outer casing of a fluidly flowed generally cylindrical member, wherein the outer casing has an outer surface and an inner surface, wherein means are attached to the outer surface for heating the outer casing.
  • the invention further relates to a control system for controlling a temperature gradient in a generally cylindrical component comprising an outer housing, wherein means for heating the outer housing are attached to an outer surface of the outer housing.
  • the shortest possible start-up time of the steam turbine to be kept ready to cover the peak load is of particular importance.
  • a cold start of a steam turbine leads to a considerable startup time.
  • a cold start is understood to mean a process in which a steam turbine is in a cooled state and this is heated to an operating temperature.
  • a cooled steam turbine is essentially in thermal equilibrium with the environment.
  • the start-up time of a cold steam turbine is dependent on the permissible temperature gradients in the housing and in the rotor, which are different depending on the wall thickness and material of the housing or diameter of the rotor and too fast start cause free deformations, unwanted thermal expansion and resulting thermal stresses in the housing and in the rotor.
  • CH 429 767 a method and a device for quick start standby attitude of a steam turbine are described.
  • This document describes how a steam turbine can be maintained at such temperatures for any length of time that the turbine can be approached in a shortest possible time at a certain time, preferably to cover suddenly occurring peak loads in a power plant, as in a warm start , The steam turbine described in this document is therefore in a warm and not cooled state.
  • EP 0 537 307 A1 discloses a system for keeping the heat of a steam turbine warm.
  • an external housing is kept at a certain temperature via a computer system via electrical heating methods. By keeping this hot, it is possible, if necessary, to pressurize the turbine again with steam in a short time.
  • Object of the present invention is to provide a method and a control system, with which it is possible to warm up a cold steam turbine quickly.
  • the object of the method is achieved by a method of reducing stress in an outer casing of a fluidly flowed generally cylindrical member having an outer casing, the outer casing having an outer surface and an inner surface, means on the outer surface for heating the outer casing in which, during a warm-up operation, the fluid is conducted into the component and the inner surface is heated thereby, wherein the outer temperature of the outer surface is adjusted by the means such that a predeterminable temperature gradient between the outer temperature of the outer surface and an inner temperature of the inner surface is not exceeded.
  • the advantage of this method is, inter alia, that stresses in the material due to a substantially synchronous heating of the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer housing of the outer housing can be reduced to about 25% of the unilaterally flowed outer housing. This synchronous warm-up process shortens the cold start time. Another advantage arises from the fact that the outer housing has to endure less damaging temperature cycles. This will lead to an extension of the service life.
  • the method is designed such that a predeterminable temperature gradient between the outside temperature of the outer surface and a middle temperature of a middle region of the outer housing is not exceeded. Equally advantageously, the method is designed such that a predeterminable temperature gradient between the internal temperature of the inner surface and a mean temperature of a middle region of the outer housing is not exceeded.
  • the central area that lies between the outer surface and the inner surface of the outer housing Due to the synchronous heating, the average temperature is kept substantially "closer" to the surface temperature than with one-sided heating. The temperature gradient is reduced by a factor of approximately four. The process is extended to minimize these undesirable temperature gradients.
  • the predeterminable temperature gradient is selected such that it depends on the internal temperature.
  • an alarm is triggered when the temperature gradient exceeds the predetermined value.
  • a control system for controlling a temperature gradient in a generally cylindrical member comprising an outer casing, means for heating the outer casing being mounted on an outer surface of the outer casing, a control unit provided on the means being such are formed so that a temperature gradient between the outside temperature of the outer surface and an inner temperature of the inner surface is below a predetermined value.
  • control unit is designed such that a temperature gradient between the outside temperature of the outside surface and a middle temperature in the central region of the outside housing is below a predefinable value.
  • control unit is designed such that a temperature gradient between the internal temperature of the inner surface and a mean temperature in the central region of the outer housing is below a predeterminable value.
  • means for measuring the internal temperature of the inner surface and the outer temperature of the outer surface are provided.
  • means for measuring the mean temperature of the central region are provided.
  • the middle region lies between the inner surface and the outer surface of the outer housing.
  • the means for heating the outer housing comprises an electric heater.
  • the means for heating the outer housing comprises a heating fluid in an arrangement mounted on the outer surface.
  • This embodiment offers the advantage that already existing fluid in the form of vapor flows through the means and thereby achieves a heating effect.
  • control system find use in a steam turbine, in a valve or in a pipeline.
  • FIG 1 is a perspective view of a steam turbine 1, which is connected to a steam line 2, to see.
  • the steam line 2 is connected to a steam generator, not shown. Fluid flows into the steam turbine 1 via the steam line 2.
  • the steam turbine 1 has an outer housing 3.
  • the outer housing 3 has an outer surface 4 and an inner surface 5.
  • the steam turbine can be considered as a generally cylindrically shaped component.
  • On the outer surface 4 of the outer housing 3 means 6 for heating the outer surface 4 of the outer housing 3 are mounted.
  • measuring points 7, 8 are attached to the steam turbine 1.
  • the measuring points 7, 8 are designed for measuring the temperature.
  • the measured temperatures are transmitted to a control unit 9.
  • the control unit 9 is designed to control a temperature. Values for a temperature gradient can be specified via a possibility which is not shown in more detail.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through part of the outer housing 3.
  • means for heating the outer casing 3 are attached on the outer surface 4 of the outer housing 3.
  • the means for heating the outer casing 3 may also be attached to a valve 14 or to a steam pipe 2.
  • an insulation 11 is arranged to the means 6 for heating.
  • an electric heater a pipe through which a hot fluid can flow or the like can be used.
  • FIG. 3 a shows a temperature distribution as a function of the location from the inner surface 5 to the outer surface 4.
  • FIG. 3a shows the temperature profile according to the prior art.
  • the temperature 3b shows the temperature profile according to the present invention.
  • On the vertical axis the temperature is plotted in both figures 3a and 3b.
  • the location d is plotted on the horizontal axis.
  • the temperature profile between the location d A of the outer surface and the location d I of the inner surface is shown. It can be seen in FIG. 3 a that the temperature during a cold start is smaller on the outer surface T A than on the inner surface T I. This is because hot steam flows to the inner surface, thereby heating it comparatively quickly.
  • the heating of the outer surface 4 is not carried out to the same extent as on the inner surface 5. It turns out an undesirably large temperature gradient .DELTA.T.
  • heat is introduced during a cold start by attaching means 6 for heating the outer housing 3.
  • the introduced heat must be such that the temperature at the inner surface T I , which is acted upon by steam, is higher than the saturated steam temperature to the expected pressure.
  • the introduction of the heat is upstream of the actual startup process, whereby condensation is prevented.
  • the internal temperature T I is almost identical to the outside temperature T A. This means that no temperature gradient arises between the inner surface 5 and the outer surface 4. However arises in the middle between the outer surface 4 and the Inner surface 5 a lower center temperature T M , which leads to a gradient between the central region of the outer housing and the outer surface and the inner surface. 5
  • FIG. 5 diagrammatically shows the outer housing 3 and a total of three measuring points x, y and z.
  • the measuring point y lies substantially in the middle between the measuring points x and z, which are respectively arranged on the outer surface 4 and on the inner surface 5.
  • the temperature is measured at the measuring points x, y and z.
  • the temperature profile during the startup process is shown schematically.
  • the means for heating the outer surface 4 cause a heating of the outer surface 4 to the temperature T A , which, as shown in Figure 4b, is almost identical to the internal temperature T I.
  • the internal temperature T I has become higher by a certain amount.
  • the outside temperature T A has become higher as well as the mean temperature T M.
  • the temperature characteristic illustrated in FIG. 4d is intended to represent the temperature profile substantially after the cold start. It can be seen clearly that the internal temperature T I , the average temperature T M and the outside temperature T A almost in the thermal Balance are. In other words, the temperature distribution is stationary as described in FIG. 4d, since an insulation 11 is attached around the means 6 for heating.
  • the method for reducing stresses in an outer casing can be used for a steam turbine, for a valve or for a pipeline.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
EP04030351A 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé et dispositif pour le préchauffage d'une turbine à vapeur Withdrawn EP1674667A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04030351A EP1674667A1 (fr) 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé et dispositif pour le préchauffage d'une turbine à vapeur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04030351A EP1674667A1 (fr) 2004-12-21 2004-12-21 Procédé et dispositif pour le préchauffage d'une turbine à vapeur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1674667A1 true EP1674667A1 (fr) 2006-06-28

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102128061A (zh) * 2010-01-12 2011-07-20 西门子公司 涡轮机的加热系统
US8347598B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2013-01-08 General Electric Company Apparatus for starting up combined cycle power systems and method for assembling same
EP2565389A1 (fr) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de démarrage d'une turbomachine
JP2013519827A (ja) * 2010-02-17 2013-05-30 アーセー−スン アンパーツゼルスカブ 空気調和又は水分生成のための装置
DE102015206320A1 (de) * 2015-04-09 2016-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Verkürzung des Anfahrvorgangs einer Dampfturbine
EP3159665A1 (fr) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de mesure de temperature et procede de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine
US10577962B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2020-03-03 General Electric Company Turbomachine temperature control system

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB301298A (en) * 1927-11-26 1929-05-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improvements in and relating to steam or gas turbines
US2004777A (en) * 1933-05-27 1935-06-11 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine
DE952171C (de) * 1954-02-26 1956-11-15 Escher Wyss Gmbh Thermische Maschine mit Anwaermevorrichtung
CH429767A (de) * 1963-06-12 1967-02-15 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Schnellstartbereitschaftshaltung einer Dampfturbine
DE1698476B1 (de) * 1961-02-16 1969-12-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren und Einrichtung zur UEberwachung der Zustandsaenderungen von Waermekraftmaschinen
JPS5672204A (en) * 1979-11-14 1981-06-16 Hitachi Ltd Reducing device for thermal stress of main valve for steam turbine
JPS60247001A (ja) * 1984-05-23 1985-12-06 Hitachi Ltd 蒸気タ−ビンケ−シングの熱応力制御装置
US4584836A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-04-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Steam turbine restart temperature maintenance system and method
JPS63176605A (ja) * 1987-01-19 1988-07-20 Toshiba Corp ウオ−ミング制御装置
US5131230A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-07-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. System for providing early warning of potential water induction events and enabling rapid steam turbine restarts
US5172553A (en) * 1992-01-21 1992-12-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Convective, temperature-equalizing system for minimizing cover-to-base turbine casing temperature differentials
EP0537307A1 (fr) * 1991-03-26 1993-04-21 Sevillana De Electricidad, S.A Procédé pour maintenir chaudes des turbines
JPH0674003A (ja) * 1991-07-12 1994-03-15 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 圧力容器
WO1998021451A1 (fr) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB301298A (en) * 1927-11-26 1929-05-03 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Improvements in and relating to steam or gas turbines
US2004777A (en) * 1933-05-27 1935-06-11 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine
DE952171C (de) * 1954-02-26 1956-11-15 Escher Wyss Gmbh Thermische Maschine mit Anwaermevorrichtung
DE1698476B1 (de) * 1961-02-16 1969-12-11 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Verfahren und Einrichtung zur UEberwachung der Zustandsaenderungen von Waermekraftmaschinen
CH429767A (de) * 1963-06-12 1967-02-15 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Schnellstartbereitschaftshaltung einer Dampfturbine
JPS5672204A (en) * 1979-11-14 1981-06-16 Hitachi Ltd Reducing device for thermal stress of main valve for steam turbine
JPS60247001A (ja) * 1984-05-23 1985-12-06 Hitachi Ltd 蒸気タ−ビンケ−シングの熱応力制御装置
US4584836A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-04-29 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Steam turbine restart temperature maintenance system and method
JPS63176605A (ja) * 1987-01-19 1988-07-20 Toshiba Corp ウオ−ミング制御装置
EP0537307A1 (fr) * 1991-03-26 1993-04-21 Sevillana De Electricidad, S.A Procédé pour maintenir chaudes des turbines
US5131230A (en) * 1991-06-17 1992-07-21 Westinghouse Electric Corp. System for providing early warning of potential water induction events and enabling rapid steam turbine restarts
JPH0674003A (ja) * 1991-07-12 1994-03-15 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 圧力容器
US5172553A (en) * 1992-01-21 1992-12-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Convective, temperature-equalizing system for minimizing cover-to-base turbine casing temperature differentials
WO1998021451A1 (fr) * 1996-11-08 1998-05-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commande de turbine et procede de regulation du cycle d'effort d'une turbine

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 005, no. 139 (M - 086) 3 September 1981 (1981-09-03) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 010, no. 115 (M - 474) 30 April 1986 (1986-04-30) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 445 (M - 767) 22 November 1988 (1988-11-22) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 018, no. 323 (M - 1624) 20 June 1994 (1994-06-20) *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102128061A (zh) * 2010-01-12 2011-07-20 西门子公司 涡轮机的加热系统
EP2351912A1 (fr) * 2010-01-12 2011-08-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine avec système chauffant, centrale énergétique solaire et procédé d'exploitation associés
US8695342B2 (en) 2010-01-12 2014-04-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heating system for a turbine
JP2013519827A (ja) * 2010-02-17 2013-05-30 アーセー−スン アンパーツゼルスカブ 空気調和又は水分生成のための装置
US8347598B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2013-01-08 General Electric Company Apparatus for starting up combined cycle power systems and method for assembling same
EP2565389A1 (fr) * 2011-08-29 2013-03-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de démarrage d'une turbomachine
DE102015206320A1 (de) * 2015-04-09 2016-11-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Verkürzung des Anfahrvorgangs einer Dampfturbine
EP3159665A1 (fr) * 2015-10-19 2017-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de mesure de temperature et procede de fonctionnement d'une turbomachine
US10577962B2 (en) 2016-09-07 2020-03-03 General Electric Company Turbomachine temperature control system

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