EP0931322A1 - Materiau composite magnetique doux deformable et procede permettant de le produire - Google Patents

Materiau composite magnetique doux deformable et procede permettant de le produire

Info

Publication number
EP0931322A1
EP0931322A1 EP98948761A EP98948761A EP0931322A1 EP 0931322 A1 EP0931322 A1 EP 0931322A1 EP 98948761 A EP98948761 A EP 98948761A EP 98948761 A EP98948761 A EP 98948761A EP 0931322 A1 EP0931322 A1 EP 0931322A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
compound
material according
soft magnetic
silicon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98948761A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0931322B1 (fr
Inventor
Wilfried Aichele
Hans-Peter Koch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to EP00119956A priority Critical patent/EP1061534A3/fr
Publication of EP0931322A1 publication Critical patent/EP0931322A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0931322B1 publication Critical patent/EP0931322B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
    • H01F1/26—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated by macromolecular organic substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/20—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder
    • H01F1/22—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together
    • H01F1/24—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of particles, e.g. powder pressed, sintered, or bound together the particles being insulated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soft-magnetic, mouldable composite material which contains powders which have soft-magnetic properties and have a non-magnetic coating according to independent claims 1, 5, 13 and 16, and to a method for producing the same according to independent claims 19 and 23.
  • Soft magnetic materials are required for the manufacture of temperature, corrosion and solvent resistant magnetic components in the electronics sector and especially in electromechanics. These soft magnetic components require certain properties: they should have a high permeability (Umax '' e: Lne high magnetic saturation (B s ), a low coercive field strength (H c ) and a high specific electrical resistance (p S p e z ' The combination of these magnetic properties with a high specific electrical resistance results in high switching dynamics, ie the magnetic saturation and demagnetization of such a component take place within a short time. So far, for example, soft iron sheets have been glued to form lamellar packets in order to serve as an anchor for electric motors. However, the layer insulation only works in one direction.
  • thermosetting resins for example epoxies or phenol resins
  • thermosetting resins for example epoxies or phenol resins
  • soft magnetic powder grains By coating soft magnetic powder grains with a non-magnetic thermoplastic compound, it is possible to increase the proportion of soft magnetic powder in the composite material in an advantageous manner and to achieve good temperature and solvent resistance of the molded part produced therefrom by using stable thermoplastic compounds.
  • Coating the soft magnetic powder with compounds of boron or aluminum, which merge into corresponding ceramics during pyrolysis, is a further preferred possibility of increasing the solvent resistance and the temperature resistance of the soft magnetic composite material and the molded parts produced therefrom.
  • thermoplastic connection is made from a solution onto the powder grains upset.
  • the powder grains are introduced into the polymer solution and the solvent is drawn off with constant movement of the powder at elevated temperature or in vacuo.
  • the powder grains are given a thin polymer coating in a simple manner, so that complicated process processes are eliminated.
  • the temperature after shaping the material is advantageously chosen such that the coating material turns into a ceramic , metallic or even intermetallic end product, whereby a high magnetization and a temperature and solvent resistance is achieved.
  • Silicon compounds selected from the group consisting of binary hydrogen compounds of silicon, polydialkylsilanes, carbosilanes, polysilazanes, alkoxyalkylsilanes, alkylpolysiloxanes, alkylsilanols and compounds of alkylsilanols with elements of the first main group are particularly preferably used as the coating material.
  • the corresponding ceramic can be used Influence on the magnetic field strength and the switching time of the soft magnetic connections can be selected. It is also possible to select the temperature range for the application accordingly.
  • boron compounds selected from the group consisting of borazole, pyridine or other ⁇ -donor-borane adducts, for example borane-phosphine, borane-phosphinite, borane-sulfur or borane-nitrogen adducts, borosilazanes and polyborazanes, can be used to coat the soft magnetic powder are used so that various boron-containing ceramics can be made available in a simple manner after the thermolysis
  • a polyazalan as the aluminum precursor compound, which can be used in very small quantities of 0.2-2% by weight, based on the total weight.
  • Aluminum-nitrogen ceramics are thus produced as a coating for the soft magnetic powder, the proportion by weight of the soft magnetic powder being particularly high.
  • PPA polyphthalamide
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • Thermoplastics with a high heat resistance have one essential advantage compared to low-melting thermoplastics less cold flow.
  • a mixture of magnetic powder with small proportions of thermoplastic powders is pressed, a sufficient insulation layer is created around the magnetic particles only with ductile thermoplastic powders.
  • high-melting thermoplastics are not commercially available as powders with the necessary small grain size of ⁇ 5 micrometers. Both difficulties are avoided by the invention in that the magnetic powder is coated with a polymer solution before the axial pressing. If the solubility of the polymer is only given at a higher temperature, the dissolving of the polymer and the coating of the magnetic powder must take place under protective gas in order to avoid thermooxidative damage to the thermoplastic material.
  • the cold pressing of the coated magnetic powder is followed by a heat treatment of the compact under protective gas above the melting point of the polymer (PPA, 320 ° C).
  • the samples obtained have a strength of approx. 80 N / mm 2 and a specific electrical resistance of at least 400 ⁇ Ohm * m.
  • a better demoldability of the pressed components from the molding press is achieved by surface treatment of the coated powder with a lubricant.
  • the lubricant is added in a substantially smaller proportion than the thermoplastic coating in order to reduce the density of the pressed parts as little as possible and it should be so volatile that it volatilizes before the polymer melts during the subsequent heat treatment and does not with the polymer reacts chemically.
  • suitable lubricants are, for example, punching oils, such as those used for punching sheet metal, or rapeseed oil methyl ester and stearic acid amide in additions of about 0.2%, based on the weight of the magnetic powder.
  • the inorganic, or silicon, boron and organoaluminum compounds used for coating the soft magnetic powders with a predominantly polymeric character have good sliding or lubricating properties. After hardening, they thus represent a thermosetting binder, which is converted into a ceramic or into alloy additives for ferrous metals by subsequent thermal decomposition (pyrolysis). In connection with oxidation-sensitive magnetic materials, such as pure iron or pure nickel, the pyrolysis takes place under protective gas. In order to obtain composite bodies with a low proportion of pores, the pyrolysis must occur. de Volume loss should be low, which is guaranteed by the connections used.
  • silicon-hydrogen compounds silicon hydrides
  • Silicon hydrides with multiple Si atoms can be melted and thus also serve as lubricants for the coated magnetic powders. Depending on the hydride used, they decompose into Si and H 2 at higher temperatures. When the temperature increases further, the Si alloys in a surface layer, for example with pure iron powder. The Fe-Si alloy layer has a higher electrical resistance and a lower melting point than pure iron. The iron powder particles coated with Fe-Si sinter together to form composites with a higher electrical resistance than pure iron. An alternative to this is the deposition of high-purity silicon on iron powder particles by thermal decomposition of SiH 4 . The method is common in semiconductor manufacturing for the build-up of silicon layers and in the tempering of glasses. Low molecular weight silicon hydrides are self-igniting, so that all process steps take place under protective gas.
  • a silicon carbide ceramic according to the invention is produced, for example, by pyrolysis of polydialkylsilanes. In connection with powders from the range of ferrous metals, the elimination of carbon-containing compounds leads to carburization during pyrolysis. The carbon content is then extracted from the metal again by means of annealing treatments in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere.
  • Precursor compounds for BN ceramics as coating material are pyrolyzed under an ammonia atmosphere.
  • RCP Cubbon RAPRA Review Report No. 76, Polymeric Precursors for Ceramic Materials, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1994.
  • Borazol (B3N3Hg) which has proven to be particularly suitable for soft magnetic composites with a ceramic coating cleaving off under reduced pressure already at 90 ° CH 2 and passes into an analog to polyphenylene polymer.
  • the elimination of H 2 continues until the hexagonal modification of BN is reached at approx. 750 ° C.
  • the pyrolysis takes place only under protective gas, for example argon or nitrogen, and not in an ammonia atmosphere.
  • the resulting slight weight loss of 5.1% results in low shrinkage and thus a small pore volume in the combination of BN and the magnetic powder.
  • Polyazalane has proven to be a suitable starting material for coating magnetic powders with an aluminum nitride ceramic. These were synthesized by thermal condensation of diisobutyl aluminum hydride with unsaturated nitriles, which leads to curable liquid polyazalanes. This was used to coat the magnetic powders.
  • the polyazalanes serve simultaneously as a thermosetting lubricant and binder which, after subsequent pyrolysis, crosslinks to a non-melting solid at 200 ° C. and, in the next process step, completely pyrolyzes to AlN under an inert atmosphere.
  • Carbosilanes and polysilazanes have proven to be a suitable starting material for coating magnetic powders with a silicon nitride ceramic.
  • Silicon nitride Si3N 4 is formed by pyrolysis of these compounds in an ammonia atmosphere. The pyrolysis under protective gas produced a coating with silicon carbonitrides of the formula SiN x C v .
  • Glasses, enamels and glazes represent combinations of metal and non-metal oxides of different compositions.
  • One embodiment for the production of glass-like coatings of soft magnetic powders is the use of silanes with several silanol groups, which are added form water from water with elimination of alcohol.
  • the product NH 2100 manufactured by Hüls is a not yet fully cross-linked, soluble and meltable poly condensate of trimethoxymethylsilane (CH 3 Si (OCH 3 ) 3 ) ⁇ and is an excellent precursor material for a glass-like coating of magnetic powders.
  • the electrical resistance drops to 5 ⁇ m (pure iron has 0.1 ⁇ m), while the bending strength increases to 80 N / mm 2 .
  • the iron-iron sintered bridges and the strength increase, while the specific electrical resistance continues to decrease.
  • the corresponding glasses or enamels are formed by adding further compounds which can be converted into glass-forming oxides. Their composition is selected with a view to good adhesion to the magnetic powder.
  • An addition of aluminum stearate serves both as a lubricant Demolding from the press tool and after its thermal decomposition to A1 2 0 3 as a glass former.
  • phosphated iron powder (AB 100.32, Höganäs) is wetted in a kneader with a solution of 2.4 g of methylpolysiloxane prepolymer (NH 2100, Nünchritz chemical plant) in acetone. After adding a solution of 46.3 g sodium trimethylsilanolate in acetone, a gel coat forms around the iron particles. After the acetone has been evaporated in a kneader, 5 g of aluminum tristearate are added and this is melted at 140 ° C. while kneading. The aluminum tristearate often acts as a slip and mold release agent during the subsequent axial pressing of the composite.
  • the methylpolysiloxane prepolymer When the compacts are heated to 200 ° C under protective gas, the methylpolysiloxane prepolymer initially hardens. With further increase in temperature to 800 ° C to pyrolyze and melt all products used about 40 grams of a glass having the approximate com- position 27 g Si0 2, 12.8 g of Na 2 0 and 0.3 g A1 2 0 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau composite magnétique doux déformable dont les grains de poudre sont recouverts de composés thermoplastiques non magnétiques ou de précurseurs moléculaires pour céramiques ou de composés intermétalliques, ce qui permet d'ajuster les propriétés magnétiques du matériau composite magnétique mou. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé permettant de produire un matériau composite déformable magnétique doux ainsi recouvert, se prêtant à être ensuite travaillé pour produire des pièces moulées.
EP98948761A 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Materiau composite magnetique doux deformable et procede permettant de le produire Expired - Lifetime EP0931322B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00119956A EP1061534A3 (fr) 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Matériau composite magnétique doux déformable et son procédé de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19735271 1997-08-14
DE19735271A DE19735271C2 (de) 1997-08-14 1997-08-14 Weichmagnetischer, formbarer Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
PCT/DE1998/002297 WO1999009565A1 (fr) 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Materiau composite magnetique doux deformable et procede permettant de le produire

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00119956A Division EP1061534A3 (fr) 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Matériau composite magnétique doux déformable et son procédé de fabrication

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0931322A1 true EP0931322A1 (fr) 1999-07-28
EP0931322B1 EP0931322B1 (fr) 2003-05-21

Family

ID=7838976

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00119956A Withdrawn EP1061534A3 (fr) 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Matériau composite magnétique doux déformable et son procédé de fabrication
EP98948761A Expired - Lifetime EP0931322B1 (fr) 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Materiau composite magnetique doux deformable et procede permettant de le produire

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00119956A Withdrawn EP1061534A3 (fr) 1997-08-14 1998-08-11 Matériau composite magnétique doux déformable et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6537389B1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1061534A3 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001504283A (fr)
DE (2) DE19735271C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999009565A1 (fr)

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US7153594B2 (en) * 2002-12-23 2006-12-26 Höganäs Ab Iron-based powder
DE10331339A1 (de) 2003-07-10 2005-02-03 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät
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US7494600B2 (en) * 2003-12-29 2009-02-24 Höganäs Ab Composition for producing soft magnetic composites by powder metallurgy
SE0303580D0 (sv) * 2003-12-29 2003-12-29 Hoeganaes Ab Composition for producing soft magnetic composites by powder metallurgy
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SE0401644D0 (sv) * 2004-06-23 2004-06-23 Hoeganaes Ab Lubricants for insulated soft magnetic iron-based powder compositions
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1061534A3 (fr) 2000-12-27
WO1999009565A1 (fr) 1999-02-25
EP1061534A2 (fr) 2000-12-20
DE19735271A1 (de) 1999-02-25
DE59808444D1 (de) 2003-06-26
EP0931322B1 (fr) 2003-05-21
DE19735271C2 (de) 2000-05-04
US6537389B1 (en) 2003-03-25
JP2001504283A (ja) 2001-03-27

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