EP0929736B1 - Dampfturbine sowie verfahren zur kühlung einer dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb - Google Patents

Dampfturbine sowie verfahren zur kühlung einer dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0929736B1
EP0929736B1 EP97909144A EP97909144A EP0929736B1 EP 0929736 B1 EP0929736 B1 EP 0929736B1 EP 97909144 A EP97909144 A EP 97909144A EP 97909144 A EP97909144 A EP 97909144A EP 0929736 B1 EP0929736 B1 EP 0929736B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
steam turbine
guide
turbine
condensate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97909144A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0929736A1 (de
Inventor
Dietmar Bergmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0929736A1 publication Critical patent/EP0929736A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F01K7/226—Inter-stage steam injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F01K13/025—Cooling the interior by injection during idling or stand-by

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam turbine with a a main axis directed turbine runner, by a Inner housing is surrounded.
  • One is in the inner housing Turbine rotor surrounding guide vane structure arranged, which has guide vanes.
  • the invention further relates to a method for cooling a Steam turbine in ventilation mode, in particular a low-pressure steam turbine.
  • the water film peels off at the rear edges and forms secondary drops with a diameter of up to about 400 ⁇ m.
  • This yourself Detachable steam drops can impact the blades lead to material removal, especially if if the drops are on the order of 50 to 400 ⁇ m (so-called drop erosion).
  • the water film is often used to prevent this drop erosion suctioned off directly on the guide vane surface.
  • a hollow guide vane has slots that you Connect the interior to the condenser of the steam turbine.
  • DE-OS 19 51 922 is a device for prevention the formation of droplets in the low pressure stages of steam turbines specified.
  • the formation of droplets is prevented that the guide vanes of the last rows of guide vanes over one Outer ring superheated steam is supplied, which by the hollow guide vanes led to an inner ring and from this via a geodetically deep drain line is brought out again.
  • the guide vanes should be heated to the extent that condensation cannot take place at all.
  • the Austrian patent specification 250 402 describes that in guide vanes steam from previous stages inserted and back in through slots in the guide vanes the steam flow is fed. Avoiding the Formation of condensate on guide vanes is also in the US Pat. No. 3,306,576 treated using superheated steam a hollow guide vane is fed, and from this through holes in the Steam flow arrives. The superheated steam heats the steam flow to the extent that the saturation temperature is at least local is exceeded and no condensation takes place.
  • a turbine blade of a steam turbine which is hollow and an opening for discharging steam into a Main steam flow is also in the short extract Japanese Patent Application 54-14 1908, Patents Abstracts of Japan, Jan. 18, 1980, Vol. 4.
  • the condensate evaporates with a drop in temperature, which cools the ventilating turbine becomes. If the injection takes place at the outlet, it is limited the cooling effect often on parts of the turbine near the outlet; If the injection takes place at the inlet, condensate can that agglomerates in the area of the inlet through Splashing endangers the blading of the turbine. According to EP 0 602 040 B1 is therefore one between the outlet and tapping steam into the inlet of the steam turbine fed the steam turbine. This is how cooling comes in the turbine first the radially outer ends of the blades, which is caused by the friction in the Turbine located steam are the most polluted. The Cooling effect is therefore largely on the areas of the turbine limited in which it is desired. The cooling off of others Components of the turbine, for example the turbine shaft is avoided.
  • a tap connected to the tap is excluded Steam additionally supplied condensate, in particular by through a condensate transfer condensate into the steam transfer line and / or is injected into the bleed line.
  • the Condensate is preferably mixed with the steam in an atomizing nozzle mixed and from this atomizer nozzle into the Tap line injected.
  • a particularly high cooling effect is achieved.
  • the cooling process is controlled via a temperature measuring point between the tap and the outlet, depending on the measured temperature the delivery of the steam or the delivery of the steam-condensate mixture is regulated for tapping.
  • the the Quantity of steam or steam-condensate mixture supplied to the tap line is in the order of 1% of the steam flow when the steam turbine is operating.
  • the one for cooling steam used comes from a condensate container, which serves to collect, heat and degas the condensate.
  • Steam from the condensate tank, which is usually for the purpose heating steam is supplied to the degassing of the condensate saturated due to the coexistence of steam and condensate, possibly even mixed with finely divided condensate, and is therefore particularly suitable for injection into the ventilating one Turbine.
  • steam can be a steam discharge are taken out by the during ventilation operation Steam is directed past the low pressure turbine.
  • a such steam discharge leads, for example, the steam from one the high-pressure steam turbine upstream of the low-pressure steam turbine or from an arrangement of a high-pressure steam turbine and a medium pressure steam turbine around the low pressure steam turbine around to a heater or the like where the steam may be cooled and condensed becomes.
  • a steam-condensate mixture can be the steam to be tapped into such Heating device can be removed.
  • the steam can also one of the high pressure or upstream of the low pressure steam turbine Medium pressure steam turbine directly or indirectly, for example one of these preheaters or the like, be removed.
  • Such steam usually has a sufficiently high intrinsic pressure, so that without separate Pumping or the like feed into the ventilating Steam turbine can be done.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a steam turbine, which is simple and effective in a ventilation operation coolable and condensation easily and effectively avoidable on guide vanes, at least. can be reduced.
  • Another object of the invention is therein, a method for cooling a steam turbine in ventilation mode specify.
  • a steam turbine Task solved by at least one vane of the steam turbine has a cavity with a fluid line is connected to the supply of cooling fluid and at least from the an opening line branches off on the outer Surface of the guide vane opens out.
  • ventilation mode especially the blades of the last rows of blades of a low pressure steam turbine.
  • a ventilation operation forms a meandering flow from which has a low effective backflow.
  • a feed of finely atomized water or wet steam, generally cooling fluid, via the opening line in the Steam turbine inside provides cooling upstream of the outlet the guide and rotor blades. Evaporation of water droplets effective cooling, in particular the last rows of low pressure blades, which are in ventilation mode experience the highest warming.
  • the steam turbine can by switching the supply of Fluid in the fluid line, on the one hand, by acting on it a hot fluid in a regular power plant Avoiding the condensation of the action steam on the with the Guide vanes connected to the fluid line are heated locally and to others by applying a cooling fluid, for example Water or wet steam, in a ventilation company be cooled.
  • a cooling fluid for example Water or wet steam, in a ventilation company be cooled.
  • the opening pipe is on the outside Surface preferably formed as a hole, in particular with an approximately circular or elliptical cross section.
  • a fluid preferably superheated steam
  • a vapor cushion is created that agglomerates the prevents large drops on the blade surface.
  • the Admixture of hot steam around the outside Surface of the guide vane in particular reduces the proportion of wet steam, for example on the last row of low-pressure vanes a low-pressure steam turbine otherwise would be quite high. This increases the risk of drip erosion at least significantly reduced.
  • the hollow vane is preferably in one of the last rows of vanes, especially the third to last, the penultimate or the last Guide vane row, arranged.
  • the guide vanes of the steam turbine are preferably one Outer ring space for guiding the required Connected fluid in which the fluid line opens. hereby all guide vanes can be easily adjusted Feed the fluid to a row of guide vanes.
  • the outer annulus has condensation water in its deep area preferably a drainage pipe.
  • the fluid line is preferably in one geodetically high-lying area connected to the outer annulus.
  • the guide vanes with an inner annulus connected.
  • the Cavity extends from the outer annulus to the inner annulus, is therefore also a supply of the fluid from both Inner annulus as well as from the outer annulus into the individual Guide vanes possible.
  • the steam turbine is preferably during power operation with a system component carrying superheated steam, for example a high pressure steam turbine, and / or during a ventilation operation with a water, in particular Condensate, or wet steam-carrying system component, for example a condenser, a preheater, a heat exchanger etc. connectable.
  • a system component carrying superheated steam for example a high pressure steam turbine
  • a ventilation operation with a water, in particular Condensate, or wet steam-carrying system component, for example a condenser, a preheater, a heat exchanger etc. connectable.
  • Corresponding connecting lines between the fluid line and the corresponding system components are via appropriate actuators, shut-off valves, can be switched on or off. It is also possible to have a central one Provide actuator, which to different supply lines for hot fluid and cooling fluid and connected with the Fluid line is connected. Depending on the requirement, is about this actuator consists of one supply line or several supply lines a fluid with
  • the opening line opens preferably on the suction side in Area of the leading edge on the outer surface of the guide vane, whereby cooling fluid of the leading edge over the entire surface of the suction side the guide blade towards the trailing edge, as a cooling film, so to speak, spreads.
  • This mixes in performance operation Hot fluid with the action steam also in an area around around the surface of the vane, effectively making the Avoidance of larger condensate droplets avoided, at least is significantly reduced.
  • the on a method for cooling a steam turbine in ventilation mode directed task is solved in that a cooling fluid, in particular, into the cavity of a guide vane Wet steam or condensate is introduced, which by Opening lines, especially a large number of fine bores, flows out on the outer surface of the guide vane. This is particularly important for the last rows of blades Low pressure steam turbine for effective cooling of the Blades.
  • a cooling fluid in particular, into the cavity of a guide vane
  • Wet steam or condensate is introduced, which by Opening lines, especially a large number of fine bores, flows out on the outer surface of the guide vane.
  • This is particularly important for the last rows of blades Low pressure steam turbine for effective cooling of the Blades.
  • the hollow vane is preferably in one of the last three rows of vanes arranged.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a section of a thermal power plant with a high-pressure steam turbine 17a, a low-pressure steam turbine 1, a condenser 18a and a condensate container 36; other components of the thermal power plant, for example a boiler or a generator are not shown.
  • the components of the thermal power plant shown are connected to each other by steam connecting lines 28 or Condensate lines 29 connected.
  • Condensate line 29 a condensate pump 37 is inserted.
  • the low pressure steam turbine 1 is with the high pressure steam turbine 17a rigidly coupled, so that the not shown
  • the rotors of both steam turbines 1 and 17a run synchronously.
  • a fluid line 7 is arranged with a cavity 6 of a guide vane 5a (see FIGS.
  • the condensate is in the condensate container 36 heated by steam which through a heating steam line 32nd is supplied from the high pressure steam turbine 17a. Above the condensate level is in the condensate tank 36 a steam space 42 filled with steam. This steam space 42 steam is removed and through a steam conduit 38 the Fluid line 7 supplied. Furthermore, the fluid line 7 through a condensate transfer line 39 condensate from the condensate container 36 fed.
  • a branch of the heating steam line 32 is connected to the fluid line via a corresponding valve 27 7 connected.
  • the steam transfer line 38 and the condensate transfer line 39 each also have a valve 27 and are connected to the fluid line 7.
  • All valves 27 are with a temperature measuring point 40 in the low pressure steam turbine 1 connected via a control line 41. hereby the amount of condensate and Steam from the steam room 42 and superheated steam from the high-pressure steam turbine 17a regulated in the fluid line 7 and via the Feed the guide vane 5a into the low-pressure steam turbine 1. This is a controlled cooling of the low pressure steam turbine 1 in ventilation mode, without submission of work, and a supply of superheated steam in the guide vane 5a for reduction the condensation of action steam feasible.
  • steam can for example the heat exchanger 31 or a not shown High pressure steam turbine 17a associated preheater become.
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a double-flow low-pressure steam turbine 1 with one directed along a main axis 2
  • Turbine rotor 3 the blades 24 carries the barrel.
  • the turbine rotor 3 is mounted in a turbine bearing 22 and with respect to the inner casing 4 of the steam turbine 1 a rotor seal 23 sealed.
  • alternating guide vanes 5, which are connected to the inner housing 4 are, and the blades 24 of the rotor 3 arranged.
  • the guide blades 5, in particular the guide blade 5a the last low-pressure guide vane row (guide vane structure 11) are, for example, inclined in the axial direction and executed in the circumferential direction hollow guide vanes.
  • the guide blades 5, 5a are a row of guide blades on an outer ring 12 of the inner housing 4, which also is hollow, welded and with one adjacent to the rotor 3 and this surrounding inner ring 16 welded and thus interconnected.
  • the low pressure steam turbine 1 is traversed by action steam 19 in the axial direction, which is directed vertically through an exhaust pipe 20 the steam turbine 1 is led out.
  • the guide vane 5a points in the vicinity of its leading edge 26 on the suction side, preferably essentially facing the outer annular space 12 Opening lines 9b and on the pressure side of the opening lines 9a (see FIG. 4, 5) through which fluid 8 in the Flow area of the action steam 19 can be fed.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the guide vane structure 11 of the last guide vane row of the steam turbine 1.
  • a fluid line 7 which can be shut off with a valve 27 is.
  • the guide vanes welded to the outer annular space 15 5a extend radially in the direction of the main axis 2 of the turbine runner 3. You are with one of the turbine runner 3 surrounding inner annulus 16 welded.
  • the Guide vane structure 11 is made up of two precisely fitting halves are joined together at a parting line 25. in the geodetically lowest-lying region 13 of the outer annular space 12 a drainage line 14 is provided.
  • the steam turbine 1 causes the outflow Fluid 8 forms a cooling of the guide vane 5a, in particular a cooling film over the outer surface 10.
  • the cavity 6 is superheated steam supplied via the fluid line 7, which is located on the outer surface 10 mixed with the action steam 19 and especially if the latter is saturated steam, to one significant increase in temperature of the action steam 19 leads.
  • the hot steam supplied causes the Guide vane 5a, so that formation of condensate droplets, in particular at the trailing edge of the guide vane 5a diminished, if not completely avoided.
  • the invention is characterized in that guide vanes, especially one or more of the last three rows of vanes a low pressure steam turbine, have a cavity, from the opening lines to the surface of each Guide the guide vane. This cavity is over one Fluid line during a ventilation operation cooling fluid, especially wet steam or condensate, and in a power plant Hot steam can be supplied. This is done by simple Effective means in ventilation operation a cooling of the guide vane and a in power operation Warming of the guide vane and heating of the action steam with avoidance of condensation on the guide vane reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
EP97909144A 1996-09-30 1997-09-18 Dampfturbine sowie verfahren zur kühlung einer dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb Expired - Lifetime EP0929736B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19640298 1996-09-30
DE19640298A DE19640298A1 (de) 1996-09-30 1996-09-30 Dampfturbine, Verfahren zur Kühlung einer Dampfturbine im Ventilationsbetrieb sowie Verfahren zur Kondensationsminderung bei einer Dampfturbine im Leistungsbetrieb
PCT/DE1997/002105 WO1998014692A1 (de) 1996-09-30 1997-09-18 Dampfturbine sowie verfahren zur kühlung einer dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0929736A1 EP0929736A1 (de) 1999-07-21
EP0929736B1 true EP0929736B1 (de) 2003-11-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97909144A Expired - Lifetime EP0929736B1 (de) 1996-09-30 1997-09-18 Dampfturbine sowie verfahren zur kühlung einer dampfturbine im ventilationsbetrieb

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6272861B1 (ja)
EP (1) EP0929736B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2001501700A (ja)
KR (1) KR20000048758A (ja)
CN (1) CN1093214C (ja)
DE (2) DE19640298A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO1998014692A1 (ja)

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EP1788197A1 (de) * 2005-11-21 2007-05-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbinenschaufel für eine Dampfturbine
US8162007B2 (en) * 2009-02-27 2012-04-24 General Electric Company Apparatus, methods, and/or systems relating to the delivery of a fluid through a passageway
US20110030335A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 General Electric Company Combined-cycle steam turbine and system having novel cooling flow configuration
DE102009037410B4 (de) * 2009-08-13 2012-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Erosionsschutz für Dampfturbinenstufen
DE102009037411B4 (de) * 2009-08-13 2014-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Erosionsschutzvorrichtung für Dampfturbinenstufen
US20120003091A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Eugenio Yegro Segovia Rotor assembly for use in gas turbine engines and method for assembling the same
US20120195750A1 (en) * 2011-01-31 2012-08-02 General Electric Company Turbomachine supports having thermal control system
EP2620604A1 (de) 2012-01-25 2013-07-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Abkühlungsprozesses von Turbinenkomponenten
US20130305720A1 (en) * 2012-05-15 2013-11-21 General Electric Company Systems and methods for active temperature control in steam turbine
ITMI20120852A1 (it) * 2012-05-17 2013-11-18 Exergy Orc S R L Sistema orc per la produzione di energia tramite ciclo rankine organico
US9032733B2 (en) 2013-04-04 2015-05-19 General Electric Company Turbomachine system with direct header steam injection, related control system and program product
JP6049565B2 (ja) * 2013-07-31 2016-12-21 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 地熱タービン
EP2918788A1 (de) * 2014-03-12 2015-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Dampfturbine
DE102014215082A1 (de) 2014-07-31 2016-02-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Laufschaufel für eine Dampfturbine
DE102015011131A1 (de) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-02 Esg Mbh Nasskühltürme mit Zugunterstützung durch Ventilatoren Verringerung der Emission von Tropfen und von Mikroorganismen
JP2017053287A (ja) * 2015-09-10 2017-03-16 新日本造機株式会社 蒸気タービン
EP3282089B1 (en) * 2016-08-12 2019-03-06 General Electric Technology GmbH Steam turbine with stationary blades and method of assembling same
JP6637455B2 (ja) * 2017-02-10 2020-01-29 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 蒸気タービン
DE102017213280A1 (de) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Dampfturbine
CN107514291B (zh) * 2017-09-30 2023-10-03 南京赛达机械制造有限公司 一种耐水蚀汽轮机叶片及其制备方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1231715A (zh) 1999-10-13
US6272861B1 (en) 2001-08-14
CN1093214C (zh) 2002-10-23
DE19640298A1 (de) 1998-04-09
EP0929736A1 (de) 1999-07-21
JP2001501700A (ja) 2001-02-06
KR20000048758A (ko) 2000-07-25
DE59711004D1 (de) 2003-12-18
WO1998014692A1 (de) 1998-04-09

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