EP0923086B1 - Elément de protection - Google Patents

Elément de protection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0923086B1
EP0923086B1 EP98811171A EP98811171A EP0923086B1 EP 0923086 B1 EP0923086 B1 EP 0923086B1 EP 98811171 A EP98811171 A EP 98811171A EP 98811171 A EP98811171 A EP 98811171A EP 0923086 B1 EP0923086 B1 EP 0923086B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase transition
protective element
element according
temperature
current
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98811171A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0923086A1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dr. Glatz-Reichenbach
Felix Dr. Greuter
Ruzica Loitzl-Jelenic
Jörgen Dr. Skindhoj
Ralf Dr. Strümpler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0923086A1 publication Critical patent/EP0923086A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0923086B1 publication Critical patent/EP0923086B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/13—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material current responsive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective element for protecting a Electricity consumer before overload according to the generic term of claim 1 and the use thereof.
  • resistance elements so-called PTC elements known with and in a polymer matrix embedded powdered filler made of conductive Material.
  • the resistance of these elements is skyrocketing several orders of magnitude when the temperature of the Resistance elements reached a switching temperature. she corresponds to the melting point of the polymer at which the Particles of the filler by melting the matrix be separated.
  • This effect can a. for current limitation, especially to switch off overcurrents.
  • a resistance element whose temperature is at Nominal current remains in the highly conductive range, but through one Overcurrent is heated so that it Switching temperature reached as a protective element with the Electricity consumers placed in series.
  • US-A-5 554 679 is a protective element at the beginning known type with PTC behavior known, which at Exceeding a switching temperature from a state with low resistivity to a high state specific resistance passes.
  • This protective element points a resistor body made of a polymer matrix on the Base polyolefin as well as finely distributed in the matrix High molecular weight polymer and a filler electrically conductive particles.
  • the finely divided, high molecular polymer is defined as a polymer, which has a significantly higher molecular weight than that Has polymer of the matrix, so that it is different from easily melt-processable polymer of the matrix one Resistance at the switching temperature resists. Therefore the high molecular weight material serves as a volume expansion regulator.
  • a typical protective element has one Polymer matrix made of a high density polyethylene, in which is at least a high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and conductivity soot are stored in disperse form.
  • Protective elements are required for various applications, where the tripping characteristic, d. H. the response time as Function of the overcurrent factor has a certain shape. If the overcurrent is a certain multiple of one Makes up nominal current, so the protective element after a determined the current depending on this factor switch off. This applies particularly to motor protection circuits, which are in line with an electric motor and during one certain time, e.g. B.
  • Such motor protection circuits can currently only by relatively complex series connections of different Switching elements are realized, for. B. one quickly short high overcurrents, such as those caused by lightning caused responding fuse, one on something longer lasting less pronounced overcurrents such as e.g. B. Short-circuit currents of an appealing switch and one Thermal relay, which with long lasting low overcurrents off.
  • the invention has for its object a protective element to create the one suitable for such tasks Dependence of the response time on the overcurrent factor and therefore within the framework of a simpler circuit, preferably alone or in series with only one Switches or disconnectors are sufficient to make one Protection task.
  • Protective elements according to the invention each have, in a known manner, a resistance body provided with two contact electrodes.
  • the resistance body is composed as follows: a heat-resistant thermoplastic, preferably ETFE, z. B. Hostaflon® from Hoechst AG with a melting point between 210 ° C and 270 ° C, at least at least 200 ° C.
  • the proportion of the mass of the resistance body is 40% (vol.).
  • TiB 2 powder is added as the first filler, also 40% (vol.).
  • the material has a very high conductivity, so that the protective element shows little resistance at low temperatures.
  • the same matrix material and the same first filler are used in the same proportions as in the first.
  • a second filler also 20% (vol.), UHMWPE is added in powder form.
  • UHMWPE is added in powder form.
  • Such a polymer, which melts at 135 ° C., can also be obtained from Hoechst.
  • This phase change material absorbs 186 J / cm 3 of heat of transformation during melting. It is then still highly viscous, so that its phase transition has no further significant effect on the state of the resistance body.
  • compositions of the resistive material for the protective element are of course possible.
  • powder of ferroelectric material such as NaNO 2 or NaNO 3 can also be used as the second filler.
  • phase transition materials can be used that melt at a relatively low temperature, that is, show a solid-liquid phase transition.
  • Melting materials in microencapsulated form are preferably used, since otherwise there is a risk that the melting of the material will cause irreversible changes in the resistance body. Such materials are offered, for example, by Triangle Research and Development Corporation. Phase transition materials are preferably used, the heat of transformation of which is relatively large, e.g. B. is at least 40 J / cm 3 .
  • polyethylene can also be used as the matrix material, which melts at approx. 135 ° C. This corresponds to the switching temperature of the protective element, so that the critical temperature T c of the second filler should be lower.
  • T c critical temperature
  • TiB 2 a choice other than TiB 2 can also be made for the first filler.
  • the particles of the first filler are in contact with one another and form continuous current paths.
  • the temperature of the resistance body is stable and the protective element has low electrical resistance.
  • said particles are increasingly heated and, through contact with them, the polymer matrix until it melts when the switching temperature is reached. This separates the particles of the first filler and the resistance of the protective element increases rapidly by several orders of magnitude.
  • the response time which elapses until the switching temperature is reached, depends on the energy consumption and this again depends on the overcurrent factor, ie the quotient I / I n between the actual current I and the nominal current I n .
  • control second filler on the speed with which the phase transition occurs and can at least be within certain limits by the particle size of the control second filler. It is of course possible, too to set more complicated characteristics, such as the second filler of two or more phase change materials which is put together at different critical temperatures are subject to phase changes.
  • the phase transition of the second one Filler especially in a certain overcurrent range a noticeable increase in the response time of the Protective element.
  • a motor protection circuit are used, as can be seen in Fig. 1.
  • the motor protection circuit 2 contains a protective element 4 according to the invention and one Switch 5, which after any response of the Protection element 4 is opened.
  • the permissible duration of the motor starting current and the overcurrent factor corresponding to the permissible limit value of the same are also drawn through.
  • the two protective elements are dimensioned so that their Response times for high and low Overcurrent factors practically match.
  • the maximum permissible motor starting current is the response time T of the known protective element too small. That of the Protection element according to the invention is there, however raised so that it is just above the allowable duration of the motor starting current.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
  • Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Élément de protection destiné à protéger un appareillage électrique pouvant supporter un courant nominal contre une surintensité qui dépasse le courant nominal de l'appareillage d'un multiple donné du courant nominal pendant une période donnée comprenant un corps de résistance disposé entre deux bornes de contact dont la résistance électrique augmente brutalement en atteignant une température de commutation, le corps de résistance étant composé d'une matrice polymère et d'une première masse de remplissage poudreuse en matériau conducteur ainsi que d'une deuxième masse de remplissage poudreuse, laquelle se compose au moins d'un matériau à transition de phase qui, en présence d'une température critique (Tc), subit une transition de phase lors de laquelle la chaleur latente de transformation augmente, la température critique (Tc) étant supérieure à une température de fonctionnement stable qui règne lorsque l'appareillage est exposé à un courant nominal, caractérisé en ce que la température critique (Tc) est inférieure à la température de commutation.
  2. Élément de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième masse de remplissage poudreuse contient au moins un matériau à transition de phase qui subit une transition de phase solide-solide.
  3. Élément de protection selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième masse de remplissage poudreuse contient au moins l'un des matériaux à transition de phase suivants : pentaérythrite, NaNO2, NaNO3.
  4. Élément de protection selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième masse de remplissage poudreuse contient au moins un matériau à transition de phase qui subit une transition de phase solide-liquide.
  5. Élément de protection selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième masse de remplissage contient au moins l'un des matériaux à transition de phase suivants : polyéthylène à masse moléculaire très élevée (UHMWPE), quinol, métal, alliage ou sel, notamment en micro-capsules.
  6. Élément de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la chaleur latente de transformation du matériau à transition de phase est à chaque fois au moins égale à 40 J/cm3.
  7. Élément de protection selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la matrice polymère se compose au moins essentiellement de thermoplastiques ou de polyéthylène.
  8. Élément de protection selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la matrice polymère se compose au moins essentiellement de thermoplastiques fluorés, notamment d'éthylène-tétrafluoroéthylène (ETFE).
  9. Application d'un élément de protection (4) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 dans un circuit de protection pour moteur (2) branché en série avec un moteur électrique (1).
EP98811171A 1997-12-11 1998-11-26 Elément de protection Expired - Lifetime EP0923086B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19754976 1997-12-11
DE19754976A DE19754976A1 (de) 1997-12-11 1997-12-11 Schutzelement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0923086A1 EP0923086A1 (fr) 1999-06-16
EP0923086B1 true EP0923086B1 (fr) 2004-03-24

Family

ID=7851495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98811171A Expired - Lifetime EP0923086B1 (fr) 1997-12-11 1998-11-26 Elément de protection

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6396383B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0923086B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1222956C (fr)
AT (1) ATE262726T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19754976A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2001230551A1 (en) * 2000-02-01 2001-08-14 Ube Industries Ltd. Conductive polymer composition and ptc element
TW200843592A (en) * 2007-04-16 2008-11-01 Polytronics Technology Corp Protective circuit board and over-current protection device thereof
CN101295570B (zh) * 2007-04-25 2011-11-23 聚鼎科技股份有限公司 保护电路板和其过电流保护元件
DE102008052545A1 (de) * 2008-10-21 2010-04-22 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Anordnung mit Bremswiderstand
DE102009022301A1 (de) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Element zur Umwandlung elektrischer Energie, Speichereinheit, Verfahren zum Betrieb der Speichereinheit und Fahrzeug mit Speichereinheit
US10559444B2 (en) * 2017-04-28 2020-02-11 Littelfuse, Inc. Fuse device having phase change material

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3243753A (en) * 1962-11-13 1966-03-29 Kohler Fred Resistance element
US4534889A (en) * 1976-10-15 1985-08-13 Raychem Corporation PTC Compositions and devices comprising them
US4775778A (en) * 1976-10-15 1988-10-04 Raychem Corporation PTC compositions and devices comprising them
US4859836A (en) * 1983-10-07 1989-08-22 Raychem Corporation Melt-shapeable fluoropolymer compositions
US4873507A (en) * 1987-10-15 1989-10-10 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Encapsulated thermal protector
US5003208A (en) * 1988-08-31 1991-03-26 Mabuchi Motor Co. Ltd. Miniature motor having positive-coefficient thermistor
JP3092210B2 (ja) * 1991-06-25 2000-09-25 松下電器産業株式会社 正抵抗温度係数発熱体およびその製造方法
DE4221309A1 (de) * 1992-06-29 1994-01-05 Abb Research Ltd Strombegrenzendes Element
US5451919A (en) * 1993-06-29 1995-09-19 Raychem Corporation Electrical device comprising a conductive polymer composition
DE59306823D1 (de) * 1993-08-25 1997-07-31 Abb Research Ltd Elektrisches Widerstandselement und Verwendung dieses Widerstandselementes in einem Strombegrenzer
EP0649150B1 (fr) * 1993-10-15 1998-06-24 Abb Research Ltd. Matériau composite
US5554679A (en) * 1994-05-13 1996-09-10 Cheng; Tai C. PTC conductive polymer compositions containing high molecular weight polymer materials
DE4427161A1 (de) * 1994-08-01 1996-02-08 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur Herstellung eines PTC-Widerstandes und danach hergestellter Widerstand
US5565132A (en) * 1995-06-06 1996-10-15 The University Of Dayton Thermoplastic, moldable, non-exuding phase change materials
US6191681B1 (en) * 1997-07-21 2001-02-20 General Electric Company Current limiting device with electrically conductive composite and method of manufacturing the electrically conductive composite

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0923086A1 (fr) 1999-06-16
CN1222956C (zh) 2005-10-12
US6396383B1 (en) 2002-05-28
DE19754976A1 (de) 1999-06-17
CN1219742A (zh) 1999-06-16
DE59811048D1 (de) 2004-04-29
ATE262726T1 (de) 2004-04-15

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