EP0919649A2 - Nähgarn aus synthetischen Multifilamenten sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Nähgarnes - Google Patents
Nähgarn aus synthetischen Multifilamenten sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Nähgarnes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0919649A2 EP0919649A2 EP98122206A EP98122206A EP0919649A2 EP 0919649 A2 EP0919649 A2 EP 0919649A2 EP 98122206 A EP98122206 A EP 98122206A EP 98122206 A EP98122206 A EP 98122206A EP 0919649 A2 EP0919649 A2 EP 0919649A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- sewing thread
- strands
- twisted
- thread
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/46—Sewing-cottons or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sewing thread made of synthetic Multifilaments with the features of the generic term of Claim 1 and a method for producing a such sewing thread.
- sewing threads can also be constructed as filament threads be.
- multifilament skeins of thread are made the corresponding pre-twists are made by twisting, in particular two to three pre-twists then under training of the finished thread is twisted again be, as described in DE 42 15 016 A. is. Due to the double twist, one of these has Filament has a high tenacity, but it has the disadvantage that the production of such a filament is very expensive, especially since both the pre-twisting as well as the final twisting only at relatively low production speeds can be carried out.
- the present invention is based on the object To provide sewing thread, especially good ones Sewing properties can be produced relatively inexpensively.
- the sewing thread according to the invention which is made of synthetic multifilaments, in particular from polyamide and / or polyester multifilaments, consists of at least two strands of this synthetic multifilaments.
- the minimum two strands are twisted together.
- the invention differs Sewing thread from the known filament thread in that in the sewing thread according to the invention, the forming the sewing thread Strands has only those multifilaments that are parallel to each other run so that the individual multifilaments one of each strand are not twisted.
- this polymeric coating on the one hand required thread closure in the sewing thread according to the invention causes and on the other hand prevents that during sewing operations due to the high mechanical and thermal loads on individual filaments of the strands to be damaged.
- the sewing thread according to the invention has a number of advantages on. So it should first be noted that the invention Sewing thread compared to a sewing thread much cheaper is to be produced, since the pre-twisting described above the yarn components forming the twine can be omitted.
- a desired one can also be used in the sewing thread according to the invention
- Set the bending stiffness, the relevant Flexural rigidity through a variation in the chemical structure on the surface of the sewing thread according to the invention arranged coating to the respective requirements can be adjusted when sewing.
- it has sewing thread according to the invention compared to one of a identical raw material made from sewing thread surprisingly higher strength and in particular a higher performance, which is particularly the case with critical sewing thread operations, for example at multidirectional sewing, particularly noticeable.
- the sewing thread according to the invention in comparison to one Sewing thread with the same material use a between about 2% and about 10% longer length, which is attributed to that the strands forming the sewing thread according to the invention Filaments are not pre-twisted together.
- the sewing thread according to the invention has two strands that twist together are.
- Such an embodiment can be used here produce particularly inexpensive, this embodiment the sewing thread according to the invention additionally the advantages has, as described above.
- the number of turns / m required to connect the minimum two twisted strands in the inventive Sewing thread are provided.
- the sewing thread according to the invention 2 to 500 turns / m, in particular with 250 to 350 turns / m, wound together, it was found that sewing threads according to the invention with the aforementioned windings deliver particularly good sewing results. Press this is characterized, for example, by the fact that such embodiments of the sewing thread according to the invention with an optimized Bending stiffness does not tend to undesirable postponements.
- the sewing thread according to the invention that that the at least two strands forming the sewing thread, who are related to each other regarding their title, their Filament number and / or their filament material different could be. However, it is particularly suitable if this at least two strands are identical, i.e. have both the same titer and the same number of filaments and consist of the same filament material.
- Such an embodiment has particularly good sewing properties of the sewing thread according to the invention, in which everyone Strand a titer between 49 dtex and 1,300 dtex, preferably between 76 dtex and 940 dtex.
- Sewing thread if it consists of two twisted strands there is a total titre between 98 dtex and 2,600 dtex, preferably between 192 dtex and 1,880 dtex.
- each strand has between 16 individual filaments and 600 individual filaments, preferably between 24 individual filaments and 400 Individual filaments. Accordingly, varies in particular in such an embodiment of the invention Sewing thread in which this consists of two strands, the total number of filaments of the sewing thread according to the invention between 32nd Single filaments and 120, especially between 48 single filaments and 80 single filaments.
- the total strength of the sewing thread between 35 cN / tex and 69 cN / tex, especially between 40 cN / tex and 55 cN / tex.
- Sewing thread consists of strands of synthetic multifilaments.
- synthetic multifilaments are used here preferably polyester multifilaments, in particular Polyethylene terephthalate multifilaments, and polyamide multifilaments, a particularly suitable embodiment of the Sewing thread according to the invention has such strands that Polyamide 6.6 and / or polyamide 4.6 exist.
- Sewing thread arranged coating to hold that this Encloses the entire surface of the sewing thread.
- a coating if possible no cracks, craters or have other injuries, in particular with relatively brittle coatings there is a risk that the coating during further processing of the sewing thread, especially when sewing, further breaks, tears open or splinters off, so that such sewing thread problems processing.
- one Coating arranged which is relatively elastic.
- a coating then has a thickness between 1 mm and 0.0003 mm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 0.05 mm.
- a preparation a natural preparation especially for this and / or synthetic wax, a polyalkylene oxide compound, especially a polyethylene glycol, a silicone oil and / or a derivative of the aforementioned compounds is provided becomes.
- a preparation additionally protects that sewing thread according to the invention and can cause undesirable embrittlement counteract the coating.
- a polymer is selected that is chemically based a polyurethane, a modified polyurethane and / or a copolymer based on a polyurethane and another polymerizable or oligomerizable substance is constructed.
- a copolymer containing a polyurethane and one Polyester excellent sewing properties to the invention Sewing thread gives.
- the sewing thread according to the invention is a dyed one Sewing thread or a raw white sewing thread, so it offers assume that the provided on the sewing thread according to the invention Coating a colorless, transparent coating is.
- sewing thread is the one on the invention Colored coating provided for sewing thread.
- a colored coating especially for such Sewing threads are used, which are used for rows, so that then the non-dyed sewing thread according to the invention accordingly be color-coded using the colored coating can.
- This embodiment can also of the sewing thread according to the invention for confection of parts used in which several layers sewn with different sewing threads, so that in Then simply ascertained as part of a quality control can be, which location with which, different about the coating is sewn onto dyed sewing threads.
- Such Control is, for example, for security-relevant Parts, especially seat belts or airbags, are desirable and beneficial.
- the present invention further relates to a method for the preparation of the previously described invention Sewing threads.
- the inventive method for producing the previously described Sewing thread provides that at least two skeins from synthetic multifilaments aligned parallel to each other, in particular polyamide and / or polyester multifilaments, are wound together, after which the twisted together at least two strands with a polymeric Coating. After that it will be with the polymeric coating applied sewing thread one Subjected to heat treatment, causing the coating to dry and / or is polymerized or condensed.
- polymer coating covers all coatings which are already polymerized, so accordingly the heat treatment merely involves drying the coating causes, as well as such coatings that are polymerizable or contain oligomerizable constituents or consist of this, so that the heat treatment is not just a Drying, but also condensation or Polymerize and thus the formation of the corresponding brings about polymeric coating.
- the method according to the invention has an opposite State of the art listed and in particular compared to known twisting process the advantage that it is relatively simple and is inexpensive to carry out. Furthermore let such sewing threads by the method according to the invention produce as described above, so that the invention The method in the sewing thread according to the invention has advantages set forth accordingly.
- Multifilament yarns apply the same designs as they do are set out above in the sewing thread according to the invention. From therefore, to avoid repetition on this Reference made to the sewing thread according to the invention.
- this is used in the invention
- Process envisaged heat treatment either drying, provided the coating itself is already polymer or drying and condensation or polymerization, if the selected coating thereby polymerizes, is oligomerized and / or crosslinked.
- drying and condensation or carry out polymerization by means of a single heat treatment however, an advantageous development of the invention
- the procedure provides that this with the Coated and twisted strands first dried and then condensed or polymerized become.
- Such a stepwise procedure has the advantage on that hereby the yarn according to the invention with a such coating can be provided as far as possible is free of damage to the polymeric coating.
- the temperature during drying is to the invention Procedure to record that this temperature on the one hand according to the number of runs of the coating and on the other hand according to the particular solvent in which the polymer Coating is loosened.
- the drying temperature in the process according to the invention between 80 ° C and 170 ° C, especially between 100 ° C and 150 ° C, while the drying time is preferred between 0.5 s and 10 s, in particular between 3 s and 8 s.
- the condensation temperature to be used in the process according to the invention or polymerization temperature depends also after the selected coating, the one used Solvent and the amount of the coating. Preferably varies in the method according to the invention this temperature between 130 ° C and 240 ° C, in particular between 155 ° C and 190 ° C, with the corresponding residence times during the condensation or polymerization in particular between 0.1 s and 10 s, preferably between 1 s and 3 s, lie.
- an oligomerizable and / or polymerizable polyurethane, an oligomerizable and / or polymerizable Polyurethane derivative and / or an oligomerizable and / or polymerizable copolymer made of a polyurethane and a polyester selected in addition to the previously specific mentioned coatings still have a suitable crosslinking agent can be three-dimensionally networked, so that a particularly strong adhesion of the coating to each other twisted skeins of thread is reached.
- the selected coating is soluble in water, so is in the process of the invention alone environmental aspects, the respective selected coating taken up in water, preferably dissolved in water, and via a suitable application unit to each other twisted skeins of thread applied.
- Particularly suitable under the point of view of a higher production speed are such developments of the method according to the invention, where the selected coating is made of an organic Solvent or a mixture of solvents, in particular from a lower alcohol and / or a halogenated Hydrocarbon on the twisted at least two strands are applied.
- the selected coating is made of an organic Solvent or a mixture of solvents, in particular from a lower alcohol and / or a halogenated Hydrocarbon on the twisted at least two strands are applied.
- points such a development of the method according to the invention still have the advantage that the surface of a so applied Coating is largely closed and therefore does not have the craters or cracks previously described.
- any order procedure can be used be applied, which is suitable, the coating evenly on the at least two twisted skeins of thread to apply.
- the inventive Method preferred a dip-squeeze method, by varying the roller hardness of the used here Squeezing mechanism an even distribution of the coating also across the cross-section of the at least two, with each other twisted skeins of thread is guaranteed.
- the coating added a suitable cross-linking agent, so that a particularly permanent fixation the coating on the yarn is reached.
- a crosslinking agent in a separate operation on the minimum to apply two twisted skeins of thread, whereby optionally this separate application of the cross-linking agent before or after applying the coating can.
- Another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the twisted strands in front of the Applying the coating of a physical and / or chemical Treatment to be subjected to, by this physical and / or chemical treatment then the surface of the multifilaments forming the strands roughened and / or is microstructured.
- This embodiment variant of the invention The process then leads to such coated Yarns in which the coating is very durable and firm the surface of the yarn and especially the surface the outer multifilaments of the strands are fixed, thereby fixing the durability and durability of this Coating against thermal and mechanical loads of the sewing thread is particularly high in subsequent processes.
- Such roughening or microstructuring of the surface the multifilaments forming the strands can be chemically, for example by appropriate chemicals, or in particular be brought about physically, one particularly advantageous, easy to carry out training a low-temperature plasma treatment and / or provides corona treatment, like this in particular in German patent applications 42 30 634 A and 42 30 632 A are described. To avoid Repetitions are based on the content of the aforementioned German Patent applications referenced, the content of which is the subject the disclosure of the present application.
- the chemical treatment process thereby performed that the strands with a suitable Swelling agents are brought into contact the swelling agent usually in addition to roughening and / or microstructuring in particular causes the polymeric coating in the amorphous areas of the fiber polymers forming the multifilaments penetrates and is thus firmly anchored here.
- the coating is fixed here not only on the surface of the multifilaments but additionally in the actual fiber polymer, so that such fixed coatings are particularly durable.
- the sewing thread is denoted by a total of 1, wherein the sewing thread from two twisted strands exists, which are numbered 2 and 3.
- Each strand has a plurality of aligned in parallel Multifilaments on, in strand No. 2 only for example two of these multifilaments, designated 4 and 5 and in strand no. 3 also only two examples 6 and 7 designated multifilaments are shown.
- the neckline of the sewing thread shows three turns 9, 10 and 11, wherein at the winding point 9 to 11 the Cross strands 2 and 3 in such a way that alternately the Strands are above and below the image planes and mutually covered by the other strand are.
- the sewing thread 1 shown in the figure is included a schematically drawn polymer coating 12 Mistake.
- This polymeric coating 12 removes them together twisted strands 2 and 3 like a sheath so that accordingly the twisted strands 2 and 3 are embedded in the coating 12.
- a wax-like preparation on the surface of the coating 12 13 arranged, on the one hand an increase in elasticity the coating and on the other hand an optimization the friction and sliding behavior of the sewing thread 1 causes.
- the coating 12 shown in the figure consists of a copolymer of a polyurethane with a polyester.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (25)
- Nähgarn aus synthetischen Multifilamenten, insbesondere aus Polyamid- und/oder Polyestermultifilamenten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei Stränge aus parallel zueinander ausgerichteten Multifilamenten miteinander verwunden sind und daß die miteinander verwundenen Stränge mit einer polymeren Beschichtung unter Ausbildung des Nähgarnes versehen sind.
- Nähgarn nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Stränge der Multifilamentgarne miteinander verwunden sind.
- Nähgarn nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stränge mit 2 bis 500 Umwindungen/m, insbesondere 250 bis 350 Umwindungen/m, miteinander verwunden sind.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Strang einen Titer zwischen 49 dtex und 1.300 dtex, vorzugsweise zwischen 76 dtex und 940 dtex, aufweist.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Strang eine Filamentzahl zwischen 16 Einzelfilamenten und 600 Einzelfilamenten, vorzugsweise zwischen 24 Einzelfilamenten und 400 Einzelfilamenten, besitzt.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Nähgarn eine Festigkeit zwischen 35 cN/tex und 69 cN/tex, vorzugsweise zwischen 40 cN/tex und 55 cN/tex, hat.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Strang des Nähgarnes aus Polyamid 6.6 und/oder Polyamid 4.6 besteht.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung eine Dicke zwischen 1 mm und 0,0003 mm, vorzugsweise zwischen 0,5 mm und 0,05 mm, aufweist.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung zwischen 0,2 Gew.% und 18 Gew.%, vorzugsweise zwischen 4 Gew.% und 10 Gew.%, bezogen auf das fertige Nähgarn, ausmacht.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung ein Polymer auf der Basis eines Polyurethans und/oder eines modifizierten Polyurethans ist.
- Nähgarn nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung farbig ist.
- Nähgarn nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung mit mindestens einem Farbpigment versetzt ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nähgarnes nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens zwei Stränge aus parallel zueinander ausgerichteten synthetischen Multifilamenten miteinander verwunden werden, daß die miteinander verwundenen Stränge mit einer polymeren Beschichtung versehen werden und daß hiernach das Nähgarn einer Wärmebehandlung unterworfen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die miteinander verwundenen Stränge der Multifilamentgarne mit der Beschichtung beaufschlagt werden und daß als Wärmebehandlung hiernach die mit der Beschichtung versehenen miteinander verwundenen Stränge zunächst getrocknet und dann kondensiert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der Beschichtung versehenen miteinander verwundenen Stränge bei einer Temperatur zwischen 80 °C und 170 °C, vorzugsweise zwischen 100 °C und 150 °C, getrocknet werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der Beschichtung versehenen miteinander verwundenen Stränge bei einer Verweilzeit zwischen 0,1 s und 10 s, insbesondere zwischen 3 s und 8 s, getrocknet werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der Beschichtung versehenen miteinander verwundenen Stränge bei einer Temperatur zwischen 130 °C und 240 °C kondensiert werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mit der Beschichtung versehenen miteinander verwundenen Stränge bei einer Verweilzeit zwischen 0,1 s und 10 s, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 s und 3 s, kondensiert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Beschichtung ein oligomerisierbares und/oder polymerisierbares Polyurethan und/oder ein oligomerisierbares und/oder polymerisierbares Polyurethan-Derivat ausgewählt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beschichtung aus Wasser und/oder einem organischen Lösungsmittel bzw. Lösungsmittelgemisch aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zum Auftragen der Beschichtung eine Minimalauftragstechnik angewandt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Beschichtung ein Quervernetzungsmittel zugesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die miteinander verwundenen Stränge vor dem Auftragen der Beschichtung einer physikalischen und/oder chemischen Behandlung unterworfen werden, wobei durch diese Behandlung die Oberfläche der die Stränge bildenden Multifilamente aufgerauht und/oder mikrostrukturiert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behandlung eine Niedertemperatur-Plasmabehandlung und/oder Corona-Behandlung ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur chemischen Behandlung der einzelnen, miteinander verwundenen Stränge ein Quellmittel auf die Oberfläche der Stränge aufgetragen wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19752698A DE19752698A1 (de) | 1997-11-28 | 1997-11-28 | Nähgarn aus synthetischen Multifilamenten sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Nähgarnes |
DE19752698 | 1997-11-28 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0919649A2 true EP0919649A2 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
EP0919649A3 EP0919649A3 (de) | 1999-10-27 |
EP0919649B1 EP0919649B1 (de) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
ID=7850044
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98122206A Expired - Lifetime EP0919649B1 (de) | 1997-11-28 | 1998-11-23 | Nähgarn aus synthetischen Multifilamenten sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Nähgarnes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0919649B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19752698A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2191900T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT919649E (de) |
TR (1) | TR199802439A3 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007031037A1 (de) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-08 | Gütermann & Co. AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten Nähfäden |
CN102041591A (zh) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-05-04 | 淄博新力特种纤维科技有限公司 | 耐高温复合缝纫线及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB950339A (en) * | 1961-07-13 | 1964-02-26 | Sewing Silks Ltd | Synthetic continuous filament sewing threads |
EP0080346A2 (de) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-06-01 | COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION | Gegen hohe Temperaturen widerstandsfähiges Nähgarn |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02277841A (ja) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-11-14 | Unitika Ltd | フイラメントミシン糸およびその製造方法 |
-
1997
- 1997-11-28 DE DE19752698A patent/DE19752698A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-11-23 ES ES98122206T patent/ES2191900T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-23 EP EP98122206A patent/EP0919649B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-23 PT PT98122206T patent/PT919649E/pt unknown
- 1998-11-23 DE DE59807456T patent/DE59807456D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-25 TR TR1998/02439A patent/TR199802439A3/tr unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB950339A (en) * | 1961-07-13 | 1964-02-26 | Sewing Silks Ltd | Synthetic continuous filament sewing threads |
EP0080346A2 (de) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-06-01 | COLLINS & AIKMAN CORPORATION | Gegen hohe Temperaturen widerstandsfähiges Nähgarn |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch, Week 9101 Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; Class A18, AN 91-002390 XP002113608 & JP 02 277841 A (UNITIKA LTD), 14. November 1990 (1990-11-14) * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007031037A1 (de) * | 2007-07-04 | 2009-01-08 | Gütermann & Co. AG | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gefärbten Nähfäden |
EP2165016B2 (de) † | 2007-07-04 | 2017-12-27 | Gütermann & Co. AG | Verfahren zur herstellung von gefärbten nähfäden |
CN102041591A (zh) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-05-04 | 淄博新力特种纤维科技有限公司 | 耐高温复合缝纫线及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0919649A3 (de) | 1999-10-27 |
TR199802439A2 (xx) | 1999-10-21 |
PT919649E (pt) | 2003-06-30 |
TR199802439A3 (tr) | 1999-10-21 |
ES2191900T3 (es) | 2003-09-16 |
EP0919649B1 (de) | 2003-03-12 |
DE19752698A1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
DE59807456D1 (de) | 2003-04-17 |
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