EP0911423A1 - Verbinden von Werkstücken - Google Patents
Verbinden von Werkstücken Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0911423A1 EP0911423A1 EP98120102A EP98120102A EP0911423A1 EP 0911423 A1 EP0911423 A1 EP 0911423A1 EP 98120102 A EP98120102 A EP 98120102A EP 98120102 A EP98120102 A EP 98120102A EP 0911423 A1 EP0911423 A1 EP 0911423A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- workpieces
- gas
- thermal spraying
- spray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for connecting workpieces, and a Workpiece assembly comprising a first workpiece, a second workpiece and one Connection between the two workpieces.
- connections of workpieces or parts different types and geometries needed.
- the property requirements the connections are different.
- Particular difficulties prepares the production of connections of workpieces that are in the Greatly differentiate between geometry and / or material.
- the present invention is based on the object of a method for connecting of workpieces, which simplifies the connection of workpieces, cheaper or made possible at all.
- a connection of itself very different in geometry and / or material (in terms of Material composition as well as regarding the material properties) Workpieces are made possible.
- the object is achieved in that a by thermal spraying Spray layer or several spray layers are produced, which at least partially a surface of a first workpiece and at least partially one Cover the surface of a second workpiece, a powder Filler metal directed onto the surfaces to be coated using a gas becomes.
- An essential feature of the invention is that the filler material in Powder form and not as wire.
- the workpieces to be connected can vary greatly in terms of their geometry differentiate.
- the method according to the invention can be used for fastening of webs or stiffeners in thin-walled constructions in particular can be used with advantage.
- first sprayed Layers useful that have a particularly high adhesive strength and / or a particular have good adhesion to both workpieces or where the material has one thermal expansion coefficient approximated to the material of the workpiece owns.
- first spray layers are important, for example, if one of the workpieces to be connected is made of glass or ceramic and the Connection should be exposed to temperature changes. Comments on Production of a spray layer according to the invention also applies accordingly to Cases with multiple spray layers.
- a workpiece assembly is created in the manner described a first workpiece and a second workpiece with a connection between the two workpieces from one produced by thermal spraying Spray layer or several produced by thermal spraying Spray layers which at least partially have a surface of the first workpiece and at least partially covers a surface of the second workpiece or cover up.
- Thermal spraying for coating is known as autogenous as process variants Flame spraying or high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying, detonation spraying and laser spraying.
- arc spraying are particularly suitable for the invention, of detonation spraying and laser spraying and in particular that of autogenous flame spraying or high speed flame spraying.
- a flame spray process is therefore preferred as a thermal one Spraying process used.
- Thermal spray processes are essentially characterized in that they enable evenly applied coatings.
- Coatings can be applied by varying the spray materials can be adapted to different requirements.
- the spray materials can be processed in the form of wires, rods or as powder. With thermal In addition, thermal post-treatment can be provided for spraying.
- the powdered filler material is applied to the material to be coated Surfaces passed without the powder particles of the filler be melted in a gas jet.
- the statement that the powder particles of the filler material did not melt in the gas jet in the context of the present invention should also mean that the particles in the gas jet are essentially not melted. This can thereby ensuring that the temperature of the gas jet is below the Melting point of the powder particles of the filler material. But even at temperatures of the gas jet from 100 K to 200 K above the melting point of the Powder particles of the filler material can be due to the extremely short residence time Particles in the gas jet melt or melt in the range of milliseconds the powder particles can be prevented.
- the importance of higher gas temperatures or the advantage of heating the gas is that in hotter gases the speed of sound is higher and therefore also the particle speed becomes comparatively larger.
- the cold gas process has compared to conventional thermal processes Spraying a number of advantages.
- the thermal action and force action The surface of the substrate material is reduced, causing unwanted changes the material properties of the substrate material prevented or at least can be significantly reduced. Likewise, changes in the Structure of the substrate material can be prevented.
- the one with the cold gas spraying process created layers have no or at least no pronounced texture, i.e. there is no preferred orientation of the individual grains or crystals.
- the substrate is also not heated by a flame or a plasma, so that none or only extremely minor changes to the base body and no distortion of workpieces due to thermal stress due to thermal spraying.
- the gas for thermal spraying can be nitrogen, helium, Argon, neon, krypton, xenon, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing one Gas, especially carbon dioxide, oxygen, an oxygen-containing Contain gas, air, water vapor or mixtures of the aforementioned gases.
- gases air and / or helium known from EP 0 484 533 B1 are suitable nitrogen, argon, also for the gas carrying the powdered filler material, Neon, krypton, xenon, oxygen, a gas containing hydrogen, a carbon-containing one Gas, especially carbon dioxide, water vapor or mixtures of the aforementioned gases and mixtures of these gases with helium.
- the proportion of helium of the total gas can be up to 90% by volume. A helium content of 10 to 50 vol .-% observed in the gas mixture.
- the so produced Layers adhere very well to a wide variety of substrate materials, for example on metal, metal alloys, ceramics, glass, plastics and composite materials.
- the coatings produced using the method according to the invention are of high quality, have an extremely low porosity and possess extremely smooth spray surfaces, so that there is usually a rework of the connection superfluous.
- the gases used according to the invention have a sufficient density and Speed of sound to the required high speeds of the powder particles to be able to guarantee.
- the gas can be inert and / or reactive gases contain. With the gases mentioned is the production of very dense and special uniform coatings possible, which is also due to their hardness and distinguish strength.
- the layers have extremely low oxide contents. They have no or at least no pronounced texture, i.e. There is none Preferred orientation of the individual grains or crystals.
- the substrate also becomes when cold gas spraying not heated by a flame or a plasma, so that none or only extremely minor changes to the base body and also no distortion of Workpieces occur due to thermal stresses due to thermal spraying.
- the workpieces to be connected touch each other the connection point when applying the spray layer or layers.
- the workpiece assembly produced in this way is below the connected workpieces the spray layer or the spray layers in direct contact.
- the workpieces to be connected are at the connection point when applying the spray layer or layers spaced from each other and by thermal spraying the space at the junction is filled.
- the workpiece network is therefore between the connected workpieces with the sprayed Filler material or filler material filled space.
- the adjacent surface area of the workpieces are coated.
- the gas jet can be heated to a temperature in the range between 30 and 800 ° C are, all known powdery spray materials are used can.
- the invention is particularly suitable for wettable powders made of metals, metal alloys, Hard materials, ceramics and / or plastics.
- the temperature of the gas jet selected between 300 and 500 ° C.
- These gas temperatures are particularly suitable for the use of reactive gases or reactive Gas components.
- reactive gas or gas components are in particular Hydrogen admixtures, carbon-containing gases or nitrogenous gases mention.
- a gas jet with a pressure of 5 to 50 bar used. Above all, working with higher gas pressures brings additional Advantages because the energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is increased. It gas pressures in the range from 21 to 50 bar are particularly suitable. Outstanding Spray results were achieved, for example, with gas pressures of around 35 bar.
- the High pressure gas supply can, for example, by the in the German patent application DE 197 16 414.5 described method or the one described there Gas supply system can be ensured.
- the powder particles can run at one speed can be accelerated from 300 to 1600 m / s. Suitable in the process according to the invention speeds of the powder particles between 1000 and 1600 m / s, particularly preferably between 1250 and 1600 m / s, since in this case the Energy transfer in the form of kinetic energy is particularly high.
- the powders used in the process according to the invention preferably have Particle sizes from 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the applied spray layer 3 covers the surface of the first tube 1 and the surface in the connection area of the second pipe 2.
- the spray layer 3 and thus the pipe connection extends over the entire circumference of the pipe.
- the arrow shows that the Making the pipe connection the pipes can be turned.
- FIG 2 shows two enlargements of possible sections in picture A and picture B.
- Pipe connections for example from Figure 1 in section.
- picture A they touch Pipe pieces 1 and 2 are not immediately, but they are at a short distance arranged to each other.
- auxiliary workpiece 4 which the Covering the area of the pipe interior, a connection is made through the spray layer 3 manufactured, which fills the pipe gap and the adjacent pipe ends of the Pipes 1 and 2 covered.
- the pipe ends of the pipes shown in Figure B of Figure 2 1 and 2 taper.
- the tube ends are for thermal spraying Establishing a pipe connection in contact with each other.
- the spray layer 3 fills also the space created by the tapering of the pipe ends.
- Figure 3 shows a thin-walled structural part 5, which stiffens with a web 6 becomes. Construction part 5 and web 6 touch. I'm at the contact surfaces adjoining surface area are spray layers 3 for connecting the two Workpieces sprayed on.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Metalle oder Metallegierungen mit sehr unterschiedlichem Schmelzpunkt,
- Metalle oder Metallegierungen mit unterschiedlicher Wärmeleitfähigkeit oder unterschiedlichem Wärmeausdehnungsverhalten,
- Metalle oder Metallegierungen, die beim gemeinsamen Aufschmelzen und der damit verbunden Durchmischung anschließend beim Abkühlen spröde intermetallische Phasen bilden, welche die Festigkeit der Verbindung beeinflussen,
- Metall-Keramikverbindungen.
- Übersicht und Einführung in das "Thermische Spritzen", Peter Heinrich,
Linde-Berichte aus Technik und Wissenschaft, 52/1982, Seiten 29 bis 37,
oder - Thermisches Spritzen - Fakten und Stand der Technik, Peter Heinrich, Jahrbuch Oberflächentechnik 1992, Band 48, 1991, Seiten 304 bis 327, Metall-Verlag GmbH,
- Figur 1
- eine erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Verbindung zweier Rohre;
- Figur 2
- zwei Ausschnittsvergrößerungen möglicher Rohrverbindungen zum Beispiel aus Figur 1;
- Figur 3
- ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Werkstückverbund bestehend aus einem Konstruktionsteil und einem Steg.
Claims (12)
- Verfahren zum Verbinden von Werkstücken (1, 2; 5, 6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch thermisches Spritzen eine Spritzschicht (3) oder mehrere Spritzschichten hergestellt werden, welche zumindest teilweise eine Oberfläche eines ersten Werkstückes (1; 5) und zumindest teilweise eine Oberfläche eines zweiten Werkstückes (2; 6) überdecken, wobei ein pulverförmiger Zusatzwerkstoff mittels eines Gases auf die zu beschichtenden Oberflächen geleitet wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der pulverförmige Zusatzwerkstoff auf die zu beschichtende Oberflächen geleitet wird, ohne daß die Pulverpartikel des Zusatzwerkstoffes im Gasstrahl geschmolzen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die zu verbindenden Werkstücken (1, 2; 5, 6) an der Verbindungsstelle beim Aufbringen der Spritzschicht (3) berühren.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu verbindenden Werkstücken (1, 2; 5, 6) an der Verbindungsstelle beim Aufbringen der Spritzschicht (3) mit einem Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind und durch das thermische Spritzen der Zwischenraum an der Verbindungsstelle gefüllt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben dem Zwischenraum an der Verbindungsstelle auch der angrenzende Oberflächenbereich der Werkstücke (1, 2; 5, 6) beschichtet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gas für das thermische Spritzen Stickstoff, Helium, Argon, Neon, Krypton, Xenon, ein Wasserstoff enthaltendes Gas, ein kohlenstoffhaltiges Gas, insbesondere Kohlendioxid, Sauerstoff, ein Sauerstoff enthaltendes Gas, Luft, Wasserdampf oder Mischungen der vorgenannten Gase enthält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Temperatur des Gasstrahles beim thermischen Spritzen im Bereich zwischen 30 und 800 °C liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Gasstrahl beim thermischen Spritzen einen Druck von 5 bis 50 bar aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pulverpartikel beim thermischen Spritzen auf eine Geschwindigkeit von 300 bis 1600 m/s beschleunigt werden.
- Werkstückverbund umfassend ein erstes Werkstück (1; 5), ein zweites Werkstück (2; 6) und eine Verbindung (3) zwischen beiden Werkstücken (1, 2; 5, 6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine durch thermisches Spritzen erzeugte Spritzschicht (3) oder mehrere durch thermisches Spritzen erzeugte Spritzschichten zumindest teilweise eine Oberfläche des ersten Werkstückes (1; 5) und zumindest teilweise eine Oberfläche des zweiten Werkstückes (2; 6) überdeckt bzw. überdecken.
- Werkstückverbund nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die verbundenen Werkstücken (1, 2; 5, 6) unterhalb der Spritzschicht (3) oder der Spritzschichten berühren.
- Werkstückverbund nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich zwischen den verbundenen Werkstücken (1, 2; 5, 6) ein mit dem gespritzten Zusatzwerkstoff oder den gespritzten Zusatzwerkstoffen gefüllter Zwischenraum befindet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19747383A DE19747383A1 (de) | 1997-10-27 | 1997-10-27 | Verbinden von Werkstücken |
DE19747383 | 1997-10-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0911423A1 true EP0911423A1 (de) | 1999-04-28 |
EP0911423B1 EP0911423B1 (de) | 2004-08-18 |
Family
ID=7846740
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98120102A Revoked EP0911423B1 (de) | 1997-10-27 | 1998-10-23 | Verfahren zum Verbinden von Werkstücken |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0911423B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19747383A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2918910A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-23 | Carbone Lorraine Equipements G | Procede de fabrication d'un element de genie chimique |
WO2013088007A1 (fr) | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-20 | L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procédé de revêtement de surface par projection de particules au moyen d'un fluide vecteur cryogénique |
EP2662473A4 (de) * | 2011-01-07 | 2016-05-11 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Leitfähiges element |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7074693B2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2006-07-11 | Integrated Materials, Inc. | Plasma spraying for joining silicon parts |
DE102008003616A1 (de) * | 2008-01-09 | 2009-07-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Verbindung mehrerer Teile durch Kaltgasspritzen |
US20100170937A1 (en) * | 2009-01-07 | 2010-07-08 | General Electric Company | System and Method of Joining Metallic Parts Using Cold Spray Technique |
DE102012018286A1 (de) | 2012-09-14 | 2014-03-20 | Daimler Ag | Kaltschweißverfahren und Kaltschweißvorrichtung |
DE102015011657A1 (de) | 2015-09-11 | 2017-03-16 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Verbinden von Werkstücken und mit diesem Verfahren hergestellte Verbindungsstücke |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB691983A (en) * | 1950-11-07 | 1953-05-27 | Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd | Improvements in and connected with porous or sintered metal articles |
DE1500733A1 (de) * | 1922-01-15 | 1969-07-10 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zum unloeslichen Verbinden von Werkstoffteilen |
EP0189053A1 (de) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Auftragen von Lot |
EP0484533A1 (de) * | 1990-05-19 | 1992-05-13 | Anatoly Nikiforovich Papyrin | Beschichtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung |
WO1995007768A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-23 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Procede pour la realisation de materiaux ou revetements composites et installation pour sa mise en ×uvre |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2405490A1 (de) * | 1974-02-02 | 1975-08-14 | Vaillant Joh Kg | Die verwendung des flammspritzens |
DE3806177A1 (de) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-09-07 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum aufbringen von schichten aus hochtemperatur-supraleitendem material auf substrate |
US5070228A (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-03 | General Electric Company | Method for plasma spray joining active metal substrates |
DE4413306C1 (de) * | 1994-04-16 | 1995-10-19 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Verfahren zur Verstärkung eines Bauteils und Anwendung des Verfahrens |
DE4427262C1 (de) * | 1994-07-30 | 1995-03-23 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Flammspritzen |
DE19520885C2 (de) * | 1995-06-08 | 1999-05-20 | Daimler Benz Ag | Verfahren zum thermischen Spritzen von Schichten aus Metallegierungen oder Metallen und seine Verwendung |
-
1997
- 1997-10-27 DE DE19747383A patent/DE19747383A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-10-23 EP EP98120102A patent/EP0911423B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1998-10-23 DE DE59811830T patent/DE59811830D1/de not_active Revoked
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1500733A1 (de) * | 1922-01-15 | 1969-07-10 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zum unloeslichen Verbinden von Werkstoffteilen |
GB691983A (en) * | 1950-11-07 | 1953-05-27 | Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd | Improvements in and connected with porous or sintered metal articles |
EP0189053A1 (de) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Auftragen von Lot |
EP0484533A1 (de) * | 1990-05-19 | 1992-05-13 | Anatoly Nikiforovich Papyrin | Beschichtungsverfahren und -vorrichtung |
WO1995007768A1 (fr) * | 1993-09-15 | 1995-03-23 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Procede pour la realisation de materiaux ou revetements composites et installation pour sa mise en ×uvre |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2918910A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-16 | 2009-01-23 | Carbone Lorraine Equipements G | Procede de fabrication d'un element de genie chimique |
WO2009024684A1 (fr) * | 2007-07-16 | 2009-02-26 | Carbone Lorraine Equipements Genie Chimique | Procédé de fabrication d' un élément de génie chimique |
EP2662473A4 (de) * | 2011-01-07 | 2016-05-11 | Nhk Spring Co Ltd | Leitfähiges element |
WO2013088007A1 (fr) | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-20 | L'air Liquide,Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Procédé de revêtement de surface par projection de particules au moyen d'un fluide vecteur cryogénique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59811830D1 (de) | 2004-09-23 |
EP0911423B1 (de) | 2004-08-18 |
DE19747383A1 (de) | 1999-04-29 |
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