Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
  • E01C5/003—Pavings made of prefabricated single units characterised by material or composition used for beds or joints; characterised by the way of laying

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the technical field of covering a floor in the general sense, using slabs in order to constitute a covering adapted to withstand stresses or forces having high values.
• the object of the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of paving a roadway or a traffic lane for vehicles.
• Such a technique is not suitable for ensuring the assembly of slabs of large dimensions and liable to undergo high values of stresses or forces.
• the plastic filling material does not make it possible to obtain an effective joining between the slabs and a transmission of the forces to the slabs, in particular in hot weather.
• the slabs are not suitable for the recovery of forces transmitted by the plastic material.
• the implementation of wooden spacers between the slabs is a relatively long and costly operation to carry it out and presents a risk of disorder of the structure.
• the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks mentioned above by proposing a method for assembling large slabs on a laying bed, with a view to constituting a floor covering having and retaining a flatness and a integrity, even for high values of stresses or forces exerted on the slabs.
• the method according to the invention consists in carrying out the following steps:
• the method consists:
• Another object of the invention is to propose a panel adapted to allow easy installation while being likely to collect significant forces exerted on it.
• the slab according to the invention is of the type comprising at least two opposite grooves formed on its edge and extending in a direction substantially parallel to the external face of the slab and having a profile suitable for receiving a key. molded.
• the slab comprises a molded support block in which the grooves are arranged to be distant from each of the faces of the molded block, of a measure adapted to authorize the installation of a reinforcement adapted to extend in correspondence of the grooves, in order to ensure the recovery in the support block, of the forces transmitted by the key.
• Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an example of application of the subject of the invention.
• Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a slab according to the invention.
• Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views showing two exemplary embodiments of a slab according to the invention.
• Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a paving stone according to the invention, illustrated in an intermediate assembly step.
• Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a paving according to the invention and illustrated in a final assembly phase.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a ground or a pavement 1 in the general sense, a part of which is equipped with a covering 2 formed from tiles 3 placed side by side.
• the floor covering 2 makes it possible to delimit an area on a traffic lane for vehicles in the general sense.
• the floor covering 2 is therefore particularly suitable for withstanding heavy stresses caused by the rolling or braking of vehicles, such as buses or trucks.
• each slab 3 is in the form of a solid having two main faces called external 3, and internal 3 2 , mutually parallel and connected by a transverse face, a slice or a edge 3 3 .
• each slab 3 has a base in the form of a parallelogram delimiting four sides 3a to 3d.
• the slabs 3 may have different shapes, for example with a polygonal, circular or pseudo-circular base.
• the slabs 3 have large surface dimensions, for example equal to approximately 1 m 2 up to several m 2 .
• each slab 3 comprises, at least two indentations or grooves 5 formed on the edge 3, and each extending in a direction substantially parallel to the external face 3, of the slab.
• the grooves 5 are arranged to extend in opposition two by two.
• a groove 5 is formed on the edge of each side 3a to 3d extending over their entire length, thus constituting a hollow peripheral imprint.
• the groove 5 can be provided only on two opposite sides of the slab, for example, 3a-3c or 3b-3d.
• each side 3a to 3d can be provided with one or more grooves 5 each having a length less than the length of the corresponding side.
• the edge on each side 3a to 3d of the slab is provided with a groove 5 of reduced length compared to the length of each side of the slab.
• each groove 5 has a cross section or a profile adapted to provide a function which will be better understood in the following description.
• each groove 5 is produced in the space of the central core of the slab.
• the groove 5 has a semi-circular cross section.
• the groove 5 may have a different profile, for example triangular, as shown more precisely in FIG. 5. According to this variant, the top of the isosceles triangle is turned towards the center of the slab 3.
• each slab 3 located on the left side of the drawing constitutes a solid block of reinforced or unarmoured material.
• This slab 3 is formed from a reinforced molded block 6.
• each slab 3 comprises a molded support block 6 on which is mounted a facing 7, as is clear from the fig. 2.
• each slab 3 is formed from the manufacturing process as described in patent application FR 2 720 416.
• Each slab 3 thus comprises a block 6 of molded material, such as concrete, on which is adapted a facing plate 7 made for example of a natural material.
• the grooves 5 are obtained during the molding operation of the support block 6 by providing for the installation of inserts or cores of complementary shape to the desired profile for the grooves 5.
• the grooves 5 can be produced in a different way, for example, by machining the transverse faces 3 3 of the slabs.
• each groove 5 has a height h considered along the edge 3 3 of the slab, less than or equal to 3/5 of the total height H of the support block 6.
• each groove 5 is arranged to be distant from the faces 3 2 and 6, from the molded block 6, by a measure e ,, e 2 adapted to authorize the installation of a reinforcement 8 for resumption of forces, between the profile of the groove and the faces molded block, that is to say between these faces and the planes passing through the top and bottom points of the groove.
• the distance e ,, e 2 is fixed at least 2.5 cm to allow suitable coating of the reinforcement 8 with concrete.
• the reinforcement 8 is also shaped to extend in correspondence with the grooves 5, in order to ensure the resumption of forces in the support block 6.
• the reinforcement 8 is thus arranged in two planes being established between the external faces of the molded block 6 and the planes passing through the top and bottom points of the groove, and being extended to present a profile substantially similar to that of the surface of the edge 3 3 .
• the reinforcement 8 extends inside the molded block 6 over the major part of the height of the edges of the slab and, in particular, in the central region where the groove 5 is produced by surrounding it or in the enveloping.
• each slab 3 also comprises a chamfer 10 formed between the external face 3, of the slab and its edge 3 3 .
• the chamfer 10 is arranged on the facing 7. The function of the chamfer 10 will appear more particularly in the following description of the assembly process according to the invention.
• the slabs 3, as described above, are intended to be assembled according to the following method, with a view to constituting a paved covering 2.
• the method consists in arranging the floor for receiving the slabs using all known techniques, with a view to constituting a laying bed 11 made for example of sand, mortar or grout, on a rigid foundation , semi-rigid or flexible 12.
• the area to be paved 2 is delimited by a border 13 forming a support or stop frame for the slabs 3 placed inside the frame (fig. 1).
• the support edge 13 can be produced by stringers or flanges allowing the abutment of the edge slabs 3.
• the method according to the invention consists in placing slabs 3 on the laying bed 11, so that the grooves 5 of neighboring slabs are placed facing each other, leaving a channel 14 of separation between their corresponding edges 3 3 .
• each channel 14 has a width 1 of between 1 and 3 cm and, preferably, of the order of 1.5 cm.
• the slabs 3 are thus arranged one beside the other, delimiting, between each transverse face 3 3 facing each other, a separation channel 14 opening into a central housing 15 formed by two grooves 5 belonging to neighboring slabs (fig. 5) .
• Each separation channel 14 opens onto the external face 3, slabs by a filling chute 16 formed by two chamfers 10 belonging to neighboring slabs.
• edge slabs 3 are arranged so as to leave a separation channel 14 with their edges 3 3 placed opposite the support edge 13 (fig. 6).
• the positioning of the slabs 3 can be carried out manually or by means of a handling device for heavy slabs.
• the laying and adjustment of the level of the slabs are carried out according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
• the waterproof seal 23 which has a weakly compressible nature, also performs a function of bracing the slabs therebetween making it possible to define the width of the separation channel 14.
• the waterproof seal 23 can be constituted by a tongue, in particular made of felt. or rubber.
• the waterproof seal 23 is fixed, for example, by a self-adhesive film, on the edges 3 3 of the tiles, from their internal face 3 2 , prior to the operation of laying the tiles . It turns out that the tiles are laid on the laying bed 11, being fitted with watertight seals 23. The seals 23 are located in contact with the seat 11 after the laying of the tiles.
• the installation of the slabs 3 is preferably carried out after the completion of the stop border 13 making it possible to avoid any disorder of the seat of the edge slabs, linked to the construction of the stop border .
• Compliance with the dimensions of the separation channels 14 located between the slabs 3 and between the edge slabs 3 and the stop edge 13, is ensured by varying the dimensions of the slabs 3 and / or the internal dimensions delimited by the edge 13.
• the method according to the invention then consists of pouring into the separation channels 14, from the filling spout 16, a blocking grout 17 formed by a rapidly solidifying mixture of liquid or pasty nature, such as adjuvant cement, mortar or synthetic resin.
• the blocking grout 17 comes into contact with the waterproof seal 23 without being able to reach the laying bed 11.
• the blocking grout 17 is poured so as to form, in particular, at each central housing 15, a molded key 18 (fig . 6).
• the blocking grout is poured to allow at least the complete filling of the grooves 5. This operation can be controlled by means of rods.
• a reinforcement can be placed inside the separation channel 14 and / or the central housing 15.
• the grout 17 can include an addition of reinforcing fibers.
• the grout 17 is poured so that the latter is established at an intermediate level between the groove 5 and the external face 3, of the slab (FIG. 6).
• the grout 17 is established at a level lower than the upper face 6, of the molded block.
• the rest of the separation channel 14 is filled by means of a waterproof finishing grout 20.
• This waterproof grout 20 preferably has an elastic and wear-resistant character, as well as '' an aesthetic appearance obtained by mass coloring.
• the blocking grout 17 can also line the channels 14 separating the bearing edge 13 from the edge slabs 3.
• these separation channels 14 from the edge are preferably treated as gaskets expansion 21 with a compressible elastic material.
• the edge slabs 3 are in abutment on the stop edge 13 also through one or more support pieces 22 fixed on the edge 3 3 of the slabs, facing the edge d 'stop 13.
• Each support piece 22, which has a compressibility character, is adapted to allow an adjustment of its protruding length relative to the edges 3 3 .
• each molded key 18 After the blocking grout 17 has solidified, an effective assembly of the slabs 3 is obtained with the aid of molded keys 18 forming a connecting element engaged in the thickness of the slabs and at least on part of their periphery. . It must be considered that the molded keys 18 are adapted to collect the vertical dynamic loads applied to the external face 3 ,, in order to avoid a "strumming" effect between the slabs. In addition, the molded keys 18, by their shape, ensure a transfer of the horizontal dynamic loads applied to the external face 3, from a slab either to the neighboring slab (s), advantageously along their central part, or to the edge d 'stop 13. The result of dynamic loads both horizontal and vertical, are consecutive, for example, when braking a heavy vehicle on the external face 3, slabs. For example, each molded key 18 must have the following minimum resistances: - in simple compression, of 35 MPa,
• the assembly method according to the invention makes it possible to control the transfer of horizontal and vertical forces.
• Such a method has a relatively simple and inexpensive implementation.
• this method offers the advantage of facilitating access to the laying bed and, in particular, to buried networks by neutralizing only the molded keys 18, for example, by sawing, while not damaging the slabs 3. It can thus be provided to reuse the removed tiles 3 by removing grooves, the cut keys and by again pouring the keys 18.
• Such a technique allows the removal and installation of tiles without affecting the aesthetics of the surface of the coating 2
• the grip between the molded keys and the slabs is adapted to ensure a transfer of the loads between the slabs, while allowing easy detachment of the key from the slab, when the key must be removed.
• the object of the invention can also be adapted to limit the deformations of the slabs laid one against the other, during the appearance of seismic phenomena.
• the grooves 5 of the slabs are adapted to avoid adhesion of the molded keys 18 relative to the slabs, in order to allow rotation of the plates relative to the molded keys.
• the molded keys 18 have a circular cross section in order to react like a ball joint, while the surface of the grooves 5 is smooth or glazed to limit adhesion of the blocking or keying material.
• each groove 5 thus has a semicircular cross section.
• the object of the invention finds a particularly advantageous application for constituting floor coverings, such as the paving of a roadway or a traffic lane for vehicles.
• the invention is not limited to the examples described and shown, since various modifications can be made thereto without departing from its scope.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=9494205

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

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Family Cites Families (8)

• 1996
  • 1996-07-12 FR FR9609031A patent/FR2751004B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-07-11 WO PCT/FR1997/001296 patent/WO1998002614A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-07-11 EP EP97933728A patent/EP0910702A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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