EP0905473B1 - Grosskalibriges und weitreichendes Artilleriegeschoss - Google Patents

Grosskalibriges und weitreichendes Artilleriegeschoss Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0905473B1
EP0905473B1 EP98117137A EP98117137A EP0905473B1 EP 0905473 B1 EP0905473 B1 EP 0905473B1 EP 98117137 A EP98117137 A EP 98117137A EP 98117137 A EP98117137 A EP 98117137A EP 0905473 B1 EP0905473 B1 EP 0905473B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
sabot
barrel
shoe
guiding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98117137A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0905473A1 (de
Inventor
Anne Laure Cros
Gérard Lamorlette
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giat Industries SA
Original Assignee
Giat Industries SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giat Industries SA filed Critical Giat Industries SA
Publication of EP0905473A1 publication Critical patent/EP0905473A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0905473B1 publication Critical patent/EP0905473B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/02—Driving bands; Rotating bands
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/064—Sabots enclosing the rear end of a kinetic energy projectile, i.e. having a closed disk shaped obturator base and petals extending forward from said base
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/08—Sabots filled with propulsive charges; Removing sabots by combustion of pyrotechnic elements or by propulsive-gas pressure

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of projectiles, in particular artillery projectiles from large caliber campaign with long range.
  • a gas-generating composition block (called a usually block “base-bleed”) which is intended to reduce the pellet trail by a generation of gases from the combustion of a composition such as a propellant.
  • the base-bleed increases the range of projectiles only on the order of 5 to 10% and generates dispersions harmful to the shot accuracy.
  • Patent WO8100908 proposes an artillery projectile with a base-bleed fitted with a belt, fins guidance and stabilization stabilizer.
  • This projectile is gyro-stabilized for part of its trajectory during which the base-bleed block is operational, then the base-bleed is ejected, allowing the tailplane to deploy stabilization that slows the rotation of the projectile.
  • the projectile thus finds itself on a stabilized trajectory by the tail. Then a terminal guide can be carried out thanks to the guide fins.
  • a hovering projectile must therefore have a large elongation (length to diameter ratio greater or equal to 10) and will have a relatively thin wall (of 5 to 10mm) to reduce the mass of the projectile while increasing the carrying capacity.
  • the one proposed by GB1516073 has a rear shoe with a slip belt and ensuring the maintenance of fins in the folded position.
  • the guide in the tube the weapon of the front part of the projectile is provided by centering bosses.
  • Such a concept is not suitable for the realization of a long-range hovering projectile having a wall relatively thin.
  • front guide bosses provided by GB1516073 increase the mass of the projectile and increase its aerodynamic drag on trajectory. In addition they must be attached to a relatively thick projectile wall.
  • Patent DE3730359 proposes a training shoe distributing the forces between the rear of the projectile (by through a sliding piston) and the front of the projectile on which the shoe hangs by teeth at the level of drive grooves made on the projectile.
  • Such a shoe is of complex realization and its separation from the projectile at the exit of the barrel is delicate due to the presence of grooves and teeth.
  • the wall of the projectile also has a structure complex and must include a reinforced thickness at the level of the hoof drive grooves.
  • the projectile according to the invention has a structure simple and inexpensive to make.
  • the projectile can have a significant elongation (greater than or equal to 10) and a wall thickness relatively thin (around 5 to 10mm) while being able to be fired by an artillery cannon. This results in a scope increased and a large carrying capacity.
  • the invention relates to an artillery projectile intended to be fired from a large barrel tube caliber and comprising a body fitted at the rear with a deployable stabilization stabilizer, the body being under-calibrated and carrying at least a first guide shoe ejectable fitted with a slip belt designed to reduce the speed of rotation of the projectile, characterized projectile in that it comprises a second guide shoe positioned at the front of the projectile, second shoe made up of at least two segments linked to the body by a means of temporary liaison which consists of at least one shear pin, the shear being caused by a relative recoil of the second hoof relative to the body of the projectile during longitudinal acceleration of the projectile in the barrel tube, the second shoe being ejected at the outlet of the tube.
  • the second shoe has an internal profile complementary to a external profile of the front part of the projectile, and there are an axial clearance between the internal profile of the second shoe and the external profile of the front of the projectile so as to allow the relative recoil of the second hoof relative to the body of the projectile during its longitudinal acceleration in the barrel tube.
  • the first guide shoe or rear shoe is positioned at the level of a rear part of the projectile body and it maintains the deployable stabilization stabilizer, the deployment of the latter taking place during the ejection of the rear shoe at the tube outlet.
  • the rear shoe may include a push piece receiving the slip belt and a piece tubular covering the rear part of the projectile body while maintaining the stabilization stabilizer in its folded position.
  • the rear shoe may be ejected by a pyrotechnic charge placed between the rear shoe thrust part and the rear part of the body of the projectile.
  • the tubular part of the rear shoe may have longitudinal weakening zones, intended to break when ejecting the rear shoe in order to increase the aerodynamic drag of it.
  • the projectile may have front control surfaces deployable.
  • the projectile may have a rear thruster.
  • the rear shoe can then be ejected at the exit of the barrel tube by the pressure generated by the propellant.
  • the second guide shoe will ensure the guidance in the tube by the contact of its cylindrical surface external with the internal surface of the barrel of the weapon on a length between one and twice the size of tear.
  • an artillery projectile heavy gauge campaign is consisting of a body 2 carrying in the rear part 5 a first ejectable shoe 6 (or rear shoe) and in the front part 3 a second ejectable shoe 4 (or front shoe).
  • the front shoe 4 is composed of several segments 7, here three in number, linked to the projectile body 2 by radial pins 8.
  • Each segment 7 can be produced in an organic material, for example of the thermoplastic type charge.
  • the rear shoe 6 comprises on the one hand a piece of thrust 9 carrying on its periphery a slip belt 10, and on the other hand a tubular part 11 covering the rear part 5 of the projectile body.
  • the tubular part 11 is made integral with the thrust piece 9, for example by collage.
  • the push piece 9, made of steel, is intended to receive propellants during the phase gun.
  • the tubular part 11 is itself made of thermoplastic.
  • the front 4 and rear 6 shoes are intended to ensure guiding the projectile inside a barrel tube of a weapon not shown.
  • the front shoe provides contact guidance over its entire surface external cylindrical on the wall of the tube.
  • the length of guide of the front hoof is of the order of the caliber of the weapon this which improves guidance for a large projectile elongation.
  • This type of structure composed of a front guide and a rear guide which are relatively far apart one of the other is particularly suitable for a projectile great length.
  • the body 2 is therefore undersized relative to the diameter internal core of the barrel tube, which increases the initial speed while decreasing the coefficient of aerodynamic drag of the projectile and therefore increase its scope.
  • the body 2 is intended to transport a payload not shown, which may be submunitions intended to be dropped above a target.
  • Field artillery projectiles are usually drawn from large barrel tubes caliber, type 155 mm, with internal stripes intended to give them a high speed of rotation in order to stabilize them on the trajectory. These projectiles are so-called gyro-stabilized.
  • the artillery projectile according to the invention is intended to carry a large volume payload, by example several submunitions. This carrying therefore requires a long length of projectile which prohibits a stabilization of the projectile by gyroscopic effect.
  • the stabilization of the projectile 1 according to the invention is ensured by a tail 12 (see fig 2) placed in part rear 5 of body 2 and which deploys at the outlet of the tube gun.
  • the slip belt 10, of the type described in FR2606869, is intended to take the scratches from the barrel tube and to slide on the thrust piece 9 in order to reduce the speed of rotation of the projectile. So at the out of the barrel tube, the projectile is only subjected to a low roll speed of the order of 10 turns / s.
  • This low rolling speed of the projectile allows advantageously the deployment of the tailplane at the outlet of tube in good conditions, under low stresses which do not disturb the stability of the projectile.
  • the stabilization stabilizer 12 consists of four flat blades made of very high limit steel elastic. Each blade is articulated at its root and lockable in the deployed position.
  • the blades of the empennage 12, shown in position deployed in Figure 2 were originally wound on the exterior of the rear part 5 of the body 2 of the projectile and held in position by the tubular part 11 of the shoe 6.
  • the body 2 has at its rear part 5 a propellant additional 13 intended to increase the range of the projectile.
  • the additional propellant 13 is constituted, so classic, of a body in high resistance steel comprising an ejection nozzle 14 for the propellant gases. It comprises a propellant charge consisting of a propellant block solid double base type.
  • the additional propellant 13 is lit, for example by borrowing propellant gases from the through an axial opening in the plate raised 9.
  • the high pressure gases produced by the propellant charge combustion are ejected through the nozzle ejection 14 by generating an axial thrust. This propellant generation ensures separation and then the ejection, behind the projectile, of the rear shoe 6.
  • the segments 7 of the front shoe 4 are located in a position separated from the body 2. Ejection of the hoof before is effective at the outlet of the tube, after a rupture of the pins 8 as will be explained later, thanks to the aerodynamic forces exerted on the front of the hoof and which allow the spacing of the segments 7.
  • the front part 3 of the body 2 of the projectile comprises deployable control surfaces 15, here the number of four. These control surfaces are deployable through slots 17 carried out on the body 2. They are deployed on trajectory at a given time as will be explained more far. They are intended to guide the projectile.
  • the front part 3 also includes a ballistic warhead 16 containing a set of guidance and piloting (not shown), in particular of gyrometers of roll, yaw, pitch, of a satellite locator (GPS) with its antennas, an actuator module for control surfaces with reduction servos, as well as a source of energy and an order processor.
  • a ballistic warhead 16 containing a set of guidance and piloting (not shown), in particular of gyrometers of roll, yaw, pitch, of a satellite locator (GPS) with its antennas, an actuator module for control surfaces with reduction servos, as well as a source of energy and an order processor.
  • Figure 3 shows a partial section of the part front 3 of projectile 1.
  • the front part 3 of the projectile 1 carries the front shoe 4 composed of the three segments 7 made integral with the body 2 by radial pins 8.
  • Segments 7 of the front shoe have a profile internal 17 complementary to the external profile 18 of the warhead 16.
  • an axial clearance 19 persists between the two profiles 17 and 18, the segments 7 of the shoe front being in an advanced position relative to the body 2.
  • Figure 4 shows this phase at the end of the decline relative of the segments 7 of the front shoe relative to the body 2, when the two profiles 17 and 18 are in contact.
  • the segments 7 of the shoe 4 are separated of the body 2 of the projectile, the pins being broken.
  • the aerodynamic pressure which is exerted on a conical surface before 20 of the shoe 4 causes opening and then ejecting the segments 7.
  • Such a front shoe structure 4 ensures a reliable guidance of a projectile of great elongation (greater than 10) due to the guide length important of the front shoe which is in contact with the tube (guide length of the order of size).
  • shearable pins allows the keeping the front hoof during the transport and storage with a projectile wall thickness relatively thin (around 5-10mm). Shear pins when fired ensures reliable separation of the sabot and projectile at the exit of the barrel of the weapon by the only effect of aerodynamic forces.
  • the relative contact of the profile 17 of the front shoe with the external profile 18 of the warhead allows a good distribution of efforts. This ensures a reliable guidance in the barrel of a large projectile weapon elongation and having a thin wall thickness at the level of the warhead.
  • control surfaces 15 are advantageously not open only after peak in order to reduce drag aerodynamics and ensure sufficient stability in flight ballistic.
  • the projectile according to the invention being of the type undersized and equipped with an additional propellant, allows carrying a large payload, of the order of 30 kg to a very long shooting distance of the order of 60 to 80 km.
  • the rear shoe ejection can be carried out by a pyrotechnic charge 21 placed between the thruster 13 and the thrust plate 9 of the rear shoe 6 and lit as soon as it leaves the barrel tube (see Figure 5).
  • This pyrotechnic charge 21 may be ignited by means of a propellant gas borrowing, for example through a axial opening 22 arranged in the thrust plate 9, a pyrotechnic delay 23 ensuring the ejection of the rear shoe 6 after the exit of the barrel of the weapon.
  • a pyrotechnic charge of this type can, of course, complete the rear shoe ejection means 6 with the propellant 13 described in Figure 2. Indeed the rise in propellant pressure not being immediate, separation fast hoof by a pyrotechnic charge would present the advantage of releasing the stabilization stabilizer as soon as exit of the barrel tube, thus improving the stabilization of the projectile.
  • a weakening of the tubular part 11, by longitudinal precuts 24 of its wall can also be envisaged in order to improve its aerodynamic braking as of its ejection at the exit of the tube of cannon.
  • the pressure generated by the load pyrotechnic ejection 21 and / or the propellant 13 will cause the cutting of the tubular part 11 at the areas of embrittlement 24.
  • the tubular part 11 will then open under the shape of petals, thus increasing its braking aerodynamic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Artillerieprojektil (1) ausgelegt zum Abschuss aus einem Kanonenrohr großen Kalibers mit einem Körper (2), der an seinem hinteren Teil (5) mit einem entfaltbaren Stabilisationsleitwerk (12) ausgerüstet ist, wobei der Körper unterkalibriert ist und wenigstens einen ersten auswerfbaren Leitschuh (6) trägt, welcher mit einem rutschenden Gürtel (10) ausgerüstet ist, der dafür ausgelegt ist, um die Drehgeschwindigkeit des Projektils zu verringern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen zweiten Leitschuh (4) umfasst, der sich im Bereich eines vorderen Teils (3) des Projektils befindet, wobei der zweite Schuh aus wenigstens zwei Segmenten (7) besteht, die mit dem Körper durch ein vorläufiges Verbindungsmittel verbunden sind, welches aus wenigstens einem Abscherstift (8) besteht, wobei das Abscheren durch ein relatives Zurückbewegen des zweiten Schuhs (4) in Bezug auf den Projektilskörper (2) bei der Längsbeschleunigung des Projektils im Kanonenrohr hervorgerufen wird, wobei der zweite Schuh (4) beim Austritt aus dem Rohr abgeworfen wird.
  2. Projektil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Schuh (4) ein inneres Profil (17) besitzt, das zu einem äußeren Profil (18) des vorderen Teils des Projektils komplementär ist, und dass es ein axiales Spiel (19) zwischen dem internen Profil des zweiten Schuhs und dem externen Profil des vorderen Endes des Projektils besteht, so dass das relative Zurückbewegen des zweiten Schuhs in Bezug auf den Körper des Projektils bei der Längsbeschleunigung des Letzteren im Kanonenrohr ermöglicht wird.
  3. Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der erste Leitschuh oder hintere Schuh (6) im Bereich eines hinteren Endes (5) des Körpers des Projektils befindet, und dass er das entfaltbare Stabilisationsleitwerk (12) fest hält, wobei die Entfaltung dieses Letzteren beim Abwurf des hinteren Schuhs beim Austritt aus dem Rohr erfolgt.
  4. Projektil nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Schuh (6) ein Schubteil (9) umfasst, das den rutschenden Gürtel (10) aufnimmt, und ein rohrförmiges Teil (11), das das hintere Ende des Körpers des Projektils bedeckt, um das Stabilisationsleitwerk (12) in seiner zusammengefalteten Stellung fest zu halten.
  5. Projektil nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Schuh (6) durch eine pyrotechnische Ladung (21) ausgestoßen wird, welche zwischen dem Schubteil (9) des hinteren Schuhs (6) und dem hinteren Teil des Projektilkörpers angeordnet ist.
  6. Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das rohrförmige Teil (11) des hinteren Schuhs (6) longitudinaler Zonen Versprödung (24) aufweist, welche dafür ausgelegt sind, beim Ausstoß des hinteren Schuhs auseinander zu brechen, um dessen aerodynamischen Widerstand zu erhöhen.
  7. Projektil nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es am vorderen Ende (3) entfaltbare Steuerflächen (15) zur Fluglagenregelung aufweist.
  8. Projektil nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen hinteren Motor (13) aufweist.
  9. Projektil nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der hintere Schuh (6) am Ausgang des Kanonenrohrs durch den durch den Motor (13) erzeugten Druck abgeworfen wird.
  10. Projektil nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zweite Leitschuh (4) die Führung im Rohr durch den Kontakt seiner äußeren zylindrischen Oberfläche mit der inneren Fläche des Waffenrohres über eine Länge gewährleistet, die zwischen dem einfachen und zweifachen Kaliber der Waffe liegt.
EP98117137A 1997-09-24 1998-09-10 Grosskalibriges und weitreichendes Artilleriegeschoss Expired - Lifetime EP0905473B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9711835 1997-09-24
FR9711835A FR2768809B1 (fr) 1997-09-24 1997-09-24 Projectile d'artillerie de campagne de gros calibre a longue portee

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0905473A1 EP0905473A1 (de) 1999-03-31
EP0905473B1 true EP0905473B1 (de) 2003-02-05

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EP98117137A Expired - Lifetime EP0905473B1 (de) 1997-09-24 1998-09-10 Grosskalibriges und weitreichendes Artilleriegeschoss

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Country Link
US (1) US6234082B1 (de)
EP (1) EP0905473B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69811170T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2768809B1 (de)

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US6234082B1 (en) 2001-05-22
FR2768809A1 (fr) 1999-03-26
DE69811170D1 (de) 2003-03-13
EP0905473A1 (de) 1999-03-31
DE69811170T2 (de) 2003-07-24
FR2768809B1 (fr) 1999-10-15

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