EP0895586A1 - Procede et dispositif de determination de la stabilite a basse temperature d'un melange hydrocarbone - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de determination de la stabilite a basse temperature d'un melange hydrocarboneInfo
- Publication number
- EP0895586A1 EP0895586A1 EP98912549A EP98912549A EP0895586A1 EP 0895586 A1 EP0895586 A1 EP 0895586A1 EP 98912549 A EP98912549 A EP 98912549A EP 98912549 A EP98912549 A EP 98912549A EP 0895586 A1 EP0895586 A1 EP 0895586A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- mixture
- weight
- nacelle
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000750042 Vini Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- RSIWALKZYXPAGW-NSHDSACASA-N 6-(3-fluorophenyl)-3-methyl-7-[(1s)-1-(7h-purin-6-ylamino)ethyl]-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one Chemical compound C=1([C@@H](NC=2C=3N=CNC=3N=CN=2)C)N=C2SC=C(C)N2C(=O)C=1C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 RSIWALKZYXPAGW-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100023055 Neurofilament medium polypeptide Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710109612 Neurofilament medium polypeptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004064 dysfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 household fuels Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the stability at low temperature of a hydrocarbon mixture of the diesel, fuel oil or crude petroleum type.
- This method can be used to determine the stability of a diesel which, when cooled, separates into two phases due to crystallization followed by sedimentation.
- This process is particularly suitable in the petroleum industry for measuring the sedimentation of paraffins in diesel fuels
- paraffins The majority of crude or refined hydrocarbons contains a greater or lesser proportion of n-alkanes, called paraffins. These paraffins, under the influence of a lowering of temperature, can crystallize then sediment and thus cause dysfunctions in the engines (diesel), the heating installations (fuel oil) or the pipelines (crude oil) where these hydrocarbons are used.
- additives are added to the hydrocarbons which act to delay the appearance of the crystals, to prevent their development, to keep them in suspension or to prevent their sedimentation. It is therefore important to measure the impact of these additives on these phenomena.
- a first method is based on the measurement of the weight of solids, such as paraffins in gas oils which have crystallized at a given temperature. These paraffins are extracted from the hydrocarbon by centrifugation (patent EP-0- 355 053 A2) or by agglomeration of the paraffins in a gravity sedimenter (US patent 4 357 244). These tests only allow to know the total amount of paraffins that have crystallized and can sediment. They give a measure of excess sedimentation.
- a second type of test simulates sedimentation in real time in small tanks (standard NF M 07-085) where stored hydrocarbons at low temperature for 24 or 48 hours. The appearance and volume of each phase are then assessed visually by the experimenter, in particular the position of the interface between the two phases. These tests give an approximate qualitative measure of sedimentation.
- the subject of the present invention is a method for determining the temperature stability of a hydrocarbon mixture capable of exhibiting phase separation, characterized in that
- the said mixture is subjected, originally at room temperature (15 ° C), to accelerated cooling either by quenching or by progressive reduction of the temperature at a rate generally between 10 and 0.05 ° C / min until the mixture has reached a predetermined temperature and the apparent weight loss (P) of the gravimetric detector, part of which is immersed in the mixture, is measured continuously by thermogravimetry.
- visible separation is understood to mean a separation detectable with the naked eye or by infrared as described in patents FR 2 577 319 and FR 2 681 428.
- the predetermined temperature will then be chosen equal to or lower than the crystallization temperature of the paraffins and higher than that of the diesel pour point, that is to say at a temperature between the cloud point temperature, determined by ISO 3015 and the pour point temperature, determined by ISO 3016.
- the total mass p of separated paraffins can be calculated by applying the formula (1): in which M p is the total mass of separated phase at a given time t, d L is the density of the liquid, d p is the density of the separated phase, [d p -d L ] is the absolute value of the difference of densities, P is the apparent weight of the detector at the instant t and C the acceleration of gravity.
- the value of d L is calculated by dividing the measured weight of the detector by its volume known by its geometry and the value of dp is calculated from the values found in the literature for example : SCHAERER AA et al., JACS
- the homogeneous liquid mixture to be separated is at least one petroleum-cut hydrocarbon distilling between 150 ° C. and
- the present invention also relates to a device for measuring the thermogravimetric separation in two phases, a solid and a liquid, of a hydrocarbon mixture, comprising a thermogravimetric balance provided with a gravimetric detector whose part immersed in a tank (2 ) filled with said hydrocarbon mixture is a nacelle (5), said tank being connected to a cooling circuit, said device being characterized in that the nacelle is free, preferably coaxial with the cylindrical tank whose cross section is such that the ratio of the largest diameter of the nacelle to the diameter of the tank is between 0.1 and 0.9.
- the nacelle has a cylindrical shape comprising a bottom and rims whose height does not exceed the level of liquid in the tank.
- the height of the edges is between 0.5 mm and 30 mm and generally equal to 5 mm.
- FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C The characteristics of the present device will appear more clearly on examining FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C and their description below.
- the device shown in FIG. 1A, comprises a flail thermogravimetric balance (1) (of the SETARAM type), a tank (2) containing the homogeneous liquid mixture to be studied (3), a temperature control device (not shown on the diagram) for cooling or heating the tank and a computer system (not shown in the diagram) for recording and processing data
- the beam (4) of the scale (1) carries, suspended from the left arm in the diagram, a basket (5) immersed in the tank (2) containing the mixture.
- the tank (2) has a double jacket (6) and allows, thanks to a heating or cooling circuit, not shown in the diagram, to modify the temperature of the mixture.
- the nacelle (5) has a cylindrical shape, like the tank, and includes a bottom and ledges (7).
- a conventional optical and magnetic system (10), associated with the balance, makes it possible to measure and record the variations in the weight of the nacelle.
- FIGS. 1B and 1C show the details of the nacelle.
- Figures 2 and 3 present, in the form of curves, the results of the measurements obtained on various examples of phase separation.
- the application of the process and of the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for assessing the efficiency of the additives either to avoid separation into two phases like paraffin from diesel oils, or to promote separation of phases like water emulsions. / hydrocarbons, or again to dissolve several hydrocarbon phases in one as when mixing incompatible fuel oils.
- the first example describes the application of the process of the invention to monitoring the crystallization and sedimentation of paraffins in gas oils.
- the process is carried out as follows:
- thermo-gravimetric balance of type B60, with electromagnetic compensation, sold by SETARAM is used.
- the basket is a saucer 20 mm in diameter with edges 5 mm high. It is placed in a cylinder 30 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height containing the diesel fuel to be tested.
- the nacelle is immersed in the tank 33 mm below the surface of the diesel.
- the temperature of the gas oil is then lowered to -15 ° C, at the rate of 0.7 ° C per minute, the temperature at which the formation of crystals is visible, then the tank is kept at this temperature for six hours.
- the first part of the curve (OA) is explained by an apparent relative weight loss, due to the increase in the density of diesel fuel during the decrease in temperature.
- the recorded slope break corresponds to the start of the crystallization of the paraffins or cloud point.
- the new slope of the curve (AB) corresponds to a more rapid decrease in the relative weight due to the crystallization of paraffins which takes place, in a known manner, with relatively rapid kinetics.
- part BC a latency time where the weight does not vary.
- the CD part indicates an increase in the relative weight, corresponding to the weight of the paraffins depositing on the surface of the nacelle during the stationary phase where the temperature is maintained at for example -15 ° C ( ⁇ 0.2 ° C).
- the sedimentation curve in FIG. 2A makes it possible to define two characteristics:
- the initial sedimentation rate (Vini) in mg per hour.
- the rate of increase in relative weight is not constant. It is initially rapid then decreases thereafter. In fact, large particles sediment quickly, resulting in a significant increase in weight from the start of the stationary phase. Then, the sedimentation rate decreases, since only the small particles remain, until it vanishes when all the particles have sedimented.
- the initial sedimentation rate therefore makes it possible to compare different gas oils.
- the purpose of the second example is to show that the process which is the subject of the invention is quantitative and that the results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations.
- the example consists in studying the behavior of a model diesel at different bearing temperatures during the second step, after having operated as described in example 1 for the first step. During each experiment, the relative weight gain was measured after maintaining these gas oils at these different bearing temperatures for 6 hours and they were compared with the theoretical weight gains. Each stage temperature corresponds to a theoretical quantity of crystallized paraffins which is measured, moreover, by conventional differential scanning calorimetry, as described in the review: FUEL, of June 1986, Volume 65, pages 861-864.
- a light distillate (kerosene) was chosen as the model diesel fuel, to which a mixture of linear paraffins has been added, the distribution of which is comparable to that encountered in conventional middle distillates, that is to say comprising from 6 to 24 carbon atoms.
- a quantity by weight of 4% of paraffins makes it possible to obtain a cloud point temperature of -5 ° C, a filterability limit temperature of -6 ° C and a pour point of -9 ° C.
- the bearing temperature is varied and the influence of this temperature on the quantity of sedimented paraffins is observed, as shown on the curves recorded in FIG. 3.
- This example shows the use of the method for measuring the effectiveness of anti-sedimentation additives.
- gas oils Y identical to gas oils X in which 375 ppm of EL 95 CP 9555 anti-sedimentation additive from ELF have been added. They will be called doped gas oils.
- the X diesel series consists of six commercial diesel oils of different composition and characteristics. Their cloud points, their filterability limit temperatures (TLF) and their respective pour points are given in table 2 below. TABLE 2
- Table 3 groups together the results obtained for the doped Y gas oils and the undoped X gas oils.
- the initial speed Vini can vary from simple to double depending on the quality of the diesel oils, that is to say the percentage and the nature of the paraffins they contain.
Landscapes
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9702366A FR2760091B1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 | 1997-02-27 | Procede et dispositif de mesure gravimetrique des caracteristiques de la separation d'un hydrocarbure liquide en plusieurs phases |
| FR9702366 | 1997-02-27 | ||
| PCT/FR1998/000373 WO1998038488A1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 | 1998-02-26 | Procede et dispositif de determination de la stabilite a basse temperature d'un melange hydrocarbone |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0895586A1 true EP0895586A1 (fr) | 1999-02-10 |
Family
ID=9504257
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98912550A Expired - Lifetime EP0961924B1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 | 1998-02-26 | Procede de determination de la stabilite d'une emulsion eau-hydrocarbures |
| EP98912549A Withdrawn EP0895586A1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 | 1998-02-26 | Procede et dispositif de determination de la stabilite a basse temperature d'un melange hydrocarbone |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98912550A Expired - Lifetime EP0961924B1 (fr) | 1997-02-27 | 1998-02-26 | Procede de determination de la stabilite d'une emulsion eau-hydrocarbures |
Country Status (23)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US6347884B1 (es) |
| EP (2) | EP0961924B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP2000510247A (es) |
| KR (2) | KR20000075499A (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1113231C (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE248362T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU736589B2 (es) |
| BG (1) | BG103710A (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9807870A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2282665A1 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE69817537D1 (es) |
| EE (1) | EE9900374A (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2760091B1 (es) |
| GE (1) | GEP20022643B (es) |
| HU (1) | HUP0001252A3 (es) |
| ID (1) | ID22968A (es) |
| NZ (1) | NZ337377A (es) |
| PL (1) | PL335285A1 (es) |
| RU (1) | RU2189026C2 (es) |
| SK (1) | SK117299A3 (es) |
| TR (1) | TR199902080T2 (es) |
| UA (1) | UA48300C2 (es) |
| WO (2) | WO1998038489A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2760091B1 (fr) * | 1997-02-27 | 1999-10-15 | Elf Antar France | Procede et dispositif de mesure gravimetrique des caracteristiques de la separation d'un hydrocarbure liquide en plusieurs phases |
| US6435710B1 (en) * | 1998-08-26 | 2002-08-20 | Fauske & Associates, Inc. | Foam detector apparatus and method |
| US7215648B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2007-05-08 | Varitek Industries, Inc. | Apparatus and method for efficient live webcasting and network connectivity |
| JP3798673B2 (ja) * | 2001-10-23 | 2006-07-19 | エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社 | 熱重量測定装置 |
| US20040141541A1 (en) * | 2002-12-02 | 2004-07-22 | John Williams | MEMS-based thermogravimetric analyzer |
| US7150996B2 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2006-12-19 | Stable Solutions, Inc. | Stability assessment of dispersions and emulsions |
| WO2006063427A1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-22 | Atlantic Business Centre Of Excellence And Commercialization Of Innovation Ltd. | Method and apparatus for monitoring materials |
| US7416328B2 (en) * | 2004-12-28 | 2008-08-26 | Waters Investments Limited | System and method for a thermogravimetric analyzer having improved dynamic weight baseline |
| IL183037A0 (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2007-09-20 | Bromine Compounds Ltd | Method and system for measuring total dissolved solids and total suspended solids in liquid compositions |
| US9557314B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 | 2017-01-31 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Apparatus and method for determining phase separation risk of a blended fuel in a storage tank |
| RU2467325C1 (ru) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-11-20 | Российская Федерация, От Имени Которой Выступает Министерство Промышленности И Торговли Российской Федерации | Способ обводнения реактивного топлива, применяемого в летных испытаниях на обледенение топливной системы летательного аппарата |
| RU2464970C1 (ru) * | 2011-07-06 | 2012-10-27 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ГОУВПО КубГТУ) | Способ определения стабильности эмульсии косметических продуктов |
| CN102768159A (zh) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-11-07 | 北京科技大学 | 一种铁矿石还原性测定装置和方法 |
| CN103776900A (zh) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-07 | 中煤科工集团淮北爆破技术研究院有限公司 | 乳化基质稳定性检测装置 |
| JP6023759B2 (ja) | 2014-08-01 | 2016-11-09 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | センサ、相分離検出システム、及び相分離検出方法 |
| RU2608456C2 (ru) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-01-18 | Федеральное автономное учреждение "25 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химмотологии Министерства обороны Российской Федерации" | Способ определения физической стабильности моторных топлив при их хранении в стационарных резервуарах (цистернах) |
| CN104990829A (zh) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-10-21 | 江苏奥莱特新材料有限公司 | 一种澄清液体速凝剂稳定性的测定方法 |
| CN105548240A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-05-04 | 石家庄市兄弟伊兰食品配料有限公司 | 一种判定乳酸菌饮料稳定性的方法 |
| CN107290239B (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2020-06-16 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 一种用于热重设备的反应器组件及热重设备 |
| CN113049786B (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2024-03-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 添加剂乳化性能确定方法 |
| CN114428030B (zh) * | 2020-09-09 | 2024-05-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种用于模拟岩心中油气散失的实验装置及方法 |
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| US5546792A (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-08-20 | Harold L. Becker | Computerized sonic portable testing laboratory |
| JP3026149B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-11 | 2000-03-27 | セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 | 熱重量測定機能付き熱機械的分析装置 |
| EP0766080A1 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1997-04-02 | FINMECCANICA S.p.A. AZIENDA ANSALDO | System and method for monitoring combustion and pollutants by means of laser diodes |
| US5734098A (en) * | 1996-03-25 | 1998-03-31 | Nalco/Exxon Energy Chemicals, L.P. | Method to monitor and control chemical treatment of petroleum, petrochemical and processes with on-line quartz crystal microbalance sensors |
| FR2760091B1 (fr) * | 1997-02-27 | 1999-10-15 | Elf Antar France | Procede et dispositif de mesure gravimetrique des caracteristiques de la separation d'un hydrocarbure liquide en plusieurs phases |
| US5844151A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-12-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for detecting and measuring organic materials on components of a magnetic storage system |
| WO1999057546A1 (en) * | 1998-05-05 | 1999-11-11 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | An instrument and method for measurement of stability of oils |
| JP2964140B1 (ja) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-10-18 | セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社 | 熱分析装置 |
| US6155102A (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-12-05 | Alberta Research Council | Method and apparatus for use in determining a property of a multiphase fluid |
-
1997
- 1997-02-27 FR FR9702366A patent/FR2760091B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-02-26 US US09/367,849 patent/US6347884B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-26 GE GEAP19985001A patent/GEP20022643B/en unknown
- 1998-02-26 US US09/147,201 patent/US6076961A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-26 WO PCT/FR1998/000374 patent/WO1998038489A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-26 EE EEP199900374A patent/EE9900374A/xx unknown
- 1998-02-26 UA UA99095269A patent/UA48300C2/uk unknown
- 1998-02-26 EP EP98912550A patent/EP0961924B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-26 KR KR1019997007558A patent/KR20000075499A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-02-26 BR BR9807870-4A patent/BR9807870A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-26 AT AT98912550T patent/ATE248362T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-26 KR KR1019980708619A patent/KR20000065059A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-26 WO PCT/FR1998/000373 patent/WO1998038488A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-02-26 CA CA002282665A patent/CA2282665A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-02-26 HU HU0001252A patent/HUP0001252A3/hu unknown
- 1998-02-26 SK SK1172-99A patent/SK117299A3/sk unknown
- 1998-02-26 RU RU99120397/28A patent/RU2189026C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-26 CN CN98803466A patent/CN1113231C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-02-26 JP JP10537377A patent/JP2000510247A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1998-02-26 DE DE69817537T patent/DE69817537D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-26 PL PL98335285A patent/PL335285A1/xx unknown
- 1998-02-26 TR TR1999/02080T patent/TR199902080T2/xx unknown
- 1998-02-26 JP JP53737898A patent/JP2001513199A/ja active Pending
- 1998-02-26 ID IDW990933A patent/ID22968A/id unknown
- 1998-02-26 EP EP98912549A patent/EP0895586A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-02-26 NZ NZ337377A patent/NZ337377A/en unknown
- 1998-02-26 AU AU67343/98A patent/AU736589B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1999
- 1999-09-02 BG BG103710A patent/BG103710A/xx unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9838488A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6347884B1 (en) | 2002-02-19 |
| BG103710A (en) | 2000-04-28 |
| ATE248362T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
| FR2760091B1 (fr) | 1999-10-15 |
| HUP0001252A3 (en) | 2001-09-28 |
| WO1998038489A1 (fr) | 1998-09-03 |
| UA48300C2 (uk) | 2002-08-15 |
| TR199902080T2 (xx) | 2000-02-21 |
| US6076961A (en) | 2000-06-20 |
| HUP0001252A2 (hu) | 2000-09-28 |
| JP2001513199A (ja) | 2001-08-28 |
| RU2189026C2 (ru) | 2002-09-10 |
| CN1113231C (zh) | 2003-07-02 |
| AU6734398A (en) | 1998-09-18 |
| AU736589B2 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
| WO1998038488A1 (fr) | 1998-09-03 |
| CN1251169A (zh) | 2000-04-19 |
| DE69817537D1 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
| EP0961924A1 (fr) | 1999-12-08 |
| FR2760091A1 (fr) | 1998-08-28 |
| SK117299A3 (en) | 2000-05-16 |
| EP0961924B1 (fr) | 2003-08-27 |
| KR20000065059A (ko) | 2000-11-06 |
| PL335285A1 (en) | 2000-04-10 |
| GEP20022643B (en) | 2002-02-25 |
| NZ337377A (en) | 2001-04-27 |
| CA2282665A1 (fr) | 1998-09-03 |
| KR20000075499A (ko) | 2000-12-15 |
| JP2000510247A (ja) | 2000-08-08 |
| BR9807870A (pt) | 2000-02-22 |
| ID22968A (id) | 1999-12-23 |
| EE9900374A (et) | 2000-04-17 |
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