EP0890063A1 - Mehrstufige tieftemperaturkältemaschine - Google Patents
Mehrstufige tieftemperaturkältemaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP0890063A1 EP0890063A1 EP97902226A EP97902226A EP0890063A1 EP 0890063 A1 EP0890063 A1 EP 0890063A1 EP 97902226 A EP97902226 A EP 97902226A EP 97902226 A EP97902226 A EP 97902226A EP 0890063 A1 EP0890063 A1 EP 0890063A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerator
- pulse tube
- displacer
- machine according
- cryostat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/006—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using a distributing valve of the rotary type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1408—Pulse-tube cycles with pulse tube having U-turn or L-turn type geometrical arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1424—Pulse tubes with basic schematic including an orifice and a reservoir
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
Definitions
- the invention relates to a multi-stage low-temperature refrigerator with a first stage, which is designed as a displacer refrigerator, and with at least one further stage, which is designed as a pulse tube refresher.
- a Gifford McMahon, Sterling or similar refrigeration machine is to be understood as a displacement refrigerator.
- Single-stage chillers of this type have a work space with a displacer.
- the work space is alternately connected to a high-pressure and a low-pressure gas source in such a way that a thermodynamic cycle takes place during the forced reciprocating movement of the displacer.
- the working gas is circulated via a regenerator (heat store for precooling the incoming gas), which is preferably accommodated within the displacer.
- heat is extracted from one of the two ends of the work area.
- Displacement refrigerators have the advantage of a relatively high output and are technically well understood theoretically. Their disadvantage is the generation of vibrations, caused by the mass of the reciprocating displacer.
- Chillers operating on the pulse tube principle are also known. These include an area with a stationary regenerator in which inflowing gas is pre-cooled by heat exchange with the regenerator material, as well as a pulse tube into which working gas periodically flows in and out from the regenerator area from one side (cold end). A closed volume is preferably connected to the other end (warm end) of the pulse tube via a constriction.
- the phase position between mass flow rate and pressure variation in the pulse tube area can be influenced by means of a suitable choice of this throttle point in order to achieve optimum performance.
- the displacer refrigerator forms the first stage, the pulse tube refrigerator the second stage of a multi-stage cryogenic refrigerator.
- a warm bridge consisting of a rigid copper plate is provided, each with the ends of the two refreshers mentioned is well connected to heat.
- vibrations generated by the displacer refrigerator are transmitted to the pulse tube refrigerator.
- the previously known combined refrigeration machine is therefore not suitable for cooling vibration-sensitive objects.
- the present invention is based on the object of being able to make use of the advantage of the vibration-free nature of the pulse tube refrigerator in a combined refrigeration machine of the type mentioned at least in the region of the second or further stage.
- this object is achieved in that a flexible component preventing the transmission of vibrations is located between the first stage designed as a displacer refrigerator and the further stage designed as a pulse tube refractor.
- This measure allows the pulse tube refrigerator to be kept free from the vibrations of the displacement refrigerator.
- the cold end of the further second stage, designed as a pulse tube refrigerator, can therefore easily be thermally coupled to vibration-sensitive objects, devices or the like.
- FIGS. 1 to 4. shows:
- Figure 3 shows the use of a refrigerator according to the invention in a cryostat, which is used to cool magnets with liquid helium, and
- Figure 4 shows a cryostat with a refrigerator according to the invention, in which magnets are cooled directly.
- the displacer-regenerator 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a housing which consists of the two Parts 2 and 3 exist.
- the cylindrical working space 4 for the displacer 6 is accommodated in the housing part 2.
- the regenerator 7 is located in the displacer 6.
- the displacer 6 is equipped with a drive piston 8, the associated cylinder 9 of which is accommodated in a guide bush 10, which closes the working space 4 from the housing part 3 hm.
- the guide bushing 10 is equipped with bores for distributing the high and low pressure gas controlled by a rotary valve to the control volume (9) and into the actual work space.
- the holes 11 open into the working space 4 and serve to supply this space with working gas.
- the bore 13 opens into a transverse bore 14 which is connected to an annular groove 15 in the outer wall of the guide bush 10.
- the low-pressure side is fed into the valve control via this.
- Two further bores 12 are indicated by dash-dotted lines. They serve for the pneumatic drive of the displacer 6.
- the different bores lie in different planes from the plane of the drawing, so that they do not cross each other, which is indicated by the broken line or dash-dot line.
- control motor 16 is accommodated, which actuates the control valve 18 via the shaft 17.
- This control valve 18 serves in a manner known per se to supply the various bores with working gas under high pressure and under low pressure, preferably helium.
- the working gas is led outside the refrigorator 1 through the line 22 with the compressor 21 in the circuit 23.
- the high-pressure connection 19 on the regenerator 1 is connected to the high-pressure side of the compressor 21, and the low-pressure connection 20 is connected to the low-pressure side of the compressor 21.
- the pulse tube refrigerator 25 shown as an example comprises the pulse tube 26, at the warm end of which the gas volume 27 is connected via the constriction 28.
- a cold flange located in the area of the cold end of the pulse tube 26 is designated 29.
- the pulse tube is supplied with gas via line 31, in which regenerator 32 is located.
- the pulse tube 26 is supplied with gas from the working gas circuit 23 with the compressor 21.
- the gas supply line 31 ends in two lines 34 and 35, each of which is equipped with a control valve 36 and 37, respectively.
- Line 34 communicates with the high pressure side of compressor 21.
- the control valve 36 is arranged so that working gas can flow through the lines 34 and 31 to the pulse tube 26.
- the line 35 is connected to the low pressure side of the compressor 21.
- the control valve 37 is arranged so that gas flowing in the opposite direction can flow through the lines 31 and 35 into the working gas circuit 23.
- the first heat exchanger 41 preferably a regenerative heat exchanger, is permeated by the working gas which flows back and forth.
- the gas flowing back from the pulse tube 26 into the working gas circuit 23 pre-cools the gas flowing to the pulse tube 26.
- the second heat exchanger 42 is connected via a warm bridge 43 to the cold side of the displacer-refiner 1 m. In the heat exchanger 42, the gas flowing to the pulse tube refresh 25 is cooled to the temperature of the cold side of the displacer refrigerator 1.
- the gas supply line 31 merges in the area of the cold side of the supply dranger-Ref ⁇ gerators 1 in the work area 4.
- the pulse tube refrigerator 25 is supplied with working gas directly from the cold part of the displacer refrigerator 1.
- this embodiment has the advantage of an overall simpler construction, but also has the disadvantage that the cycle frequency (high pressure / low pressure changeover) for the displacement machine and the pulse tube part are always identical, which can be an obstacle to achieving optimal cooling performance at both stages.
- the line 31 is equipped with a flexible component 45 in both exemplary embodiments.
- This can be, for example, a metallic corrugated hose section (stainless steel). It is also possible to use a hose section made of plastic.
- a thermal bridge 43 flexible in order to prevent the transmission of vibrations.
- the two machines 1 and 25 are operated with separate compressors.
- a linear compressor for the pulse tube machine eliminates the need for valve control.
- vibration decoupling can be achieved with a flexible component.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show, as application examples, two cryostats equipped with a refrigerator according to the invention. They are used to cool superconducting magnets 52.
- Other objects in which liquid helium or direct cooling could be used are, for example, superconducting leads and wires, superconducting (Josephson) switching elements, sensors to be cooled (due to superconductivity or noise suppression), electronic components to be cooled (noise suppression), cryopump arrangements.
- the magnets 52 to be cooled in the illustrated exemplary embodiments are arranged in a ring shape in the cryostat housing 53 and surround a central examination space 54. Between the magnets 52 and the outer cryostat housing 53 there is in each case a thermal shielding stage formed by a radiation shield 55.
- the magnets 52 are accommodated in a tank 56 which is filled with liquid refrigerant, preferably helium, and has an annular cross section. Its helium filler neck 57 is equipped with a safety valve 58.
- the refrigeration machine 1, 25 according to the invention has the task of keeping the liquid helium tank at a temperature of approximately 4.2 K (boiling point of the refrigerant) in order to prevent the cooling liquid from evaporating or to recondense evaporated refrigerant.
- the cold end of the pulse tube 26 is thermally coupled to the filler neck 57 via a thermal bridge 59.
- the coupling point 60 is located in the immediate vicinity of the mouth of the filler neck 57 in the tank 56, so that it is located below the surface of the liquid helium.
- the cold end of the displacer refrigerator 1 is equipped with a cold flange 62, which is thermally coupled to the steel shield 55 so that it assumes a temperature of 30 to 100 K.
- the gas supply to the pulse tube refrigerator 25 takes place from the cold end of the working space 4 of the displacement refrigerator 1 (see FIG. 2), so that the two ends have an approximately identical temperature. have maturity.
- the gas supply line 31 leading from the cold end of the displacer refresher 1 to the warm end of the pulse tube refrigerator 25 is a metallic, highly flexible corrugated hose section and thus simultaneously forms the desired flexible coupling 45.
- a helium tank is not available.
- the cold end of the pulse tube reflector 25 is in direct thermal contact with the magnets 52 via a cold flange 29. This application is particularly useful when the super conductor material of the magnets 52 permits higher temperatures (5 to 10 K).
- the pulse tube refrigerator 25 is supplied from the cold end of the working space 4 of the displacer refrigerator 1.
- the gas supply line 31 consisting of a corrugated hose section forms the flexible coupling 45.
- the warm end of the pulse tube refrigerator 25 is also thermally coupled to the radiation shield 55 (via the heat bridge 63). This promotes the formation of an equal temperature of these two ends.
- the regenerator 32 is also in thermal connection with its end facing away from the pulse tube 26 with the thermal bridge 63.
- a further flexible coupling 64 is provided between the heat bridge 63 and the radiation shield. It comprises metallic bands 65, preferably made of copper, which are connected to the radiation shield 55 and a flange 66 on the thermal bridge 63 with good thermal conductivity.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Containers, Films, And Cooling For Superconductive Devices (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19612539A DE19612539A1 (de) | 1996-03-29 | 1996-03-29 | Mehrstufige Tieftemperaturkältemaschine |
DE19612539 | 1996-03-29 | ||
PCT/EP1997/000342 WO1997037174A1 (de) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-01-25 | Mehrstufige tieftemperaturkältemaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0890063A1 true EP0890063A1 (de) | 1999-01-13 |
EP0890063B1 EP0890063B1 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
Family
ID=7789848
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97902226A Expired - Lifetime EP0890063B1 (de) | 1996-03-29 | 1997-01-25 | Mehrstufige tieftemperaturkältemaschine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6263677B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0890063B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3702964B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19612539A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997037174A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6167707B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2001-01-02 | Raytheon Company | Single-fluid stirling/pulse tube hybrid expander |
US6330800B1 (en) * | 1999-04-16 | 2001-12-18 | Raytheon Company | Apparatus and method for achieving temperature stability in a two-stage cryocooler |
DE29911071U1 (de) * | 1999-06-24 | 2000-12-14 | Csp Cryogenic Spectrometers Gm | Kühlvorrichtung |
DE19954077C1 (de) * | 1999-11-10 | 2001-03-22 | Csp Cryogenic Spectrometers Gm | Tieftemperaturkühlvorrichtung |
US6467276B2 (en) * | 2000-02-17 | 2002-10-22 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Pulse tube refrigerator |
DE10033410C1 (de) | 2000-07-08 | 2002-05-23 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Kreislaufkryostat |
DE10137552C1 (de) * | 2001-08-01 | 2003-01-30 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Einrichtung mit einem Kryogenerator zur Rekondensation von tiefsiedenden Gasen des aus einem Flüssiggas-Behälter verdampfenden Gases |
WO2003060390A1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2003-07-24 | Shi-Apd Cryogenics, Inc. | Cryopump with two-stage pulse tube refrigerator |
WO2003060391A1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2003-07-24 | Shi-Apd Cryogenics, Inc. | Wired and wireless methods for client and server side authentication |
US6915642B2 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2005-07-12 | L'Air Liquide-Societe Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procedes Georges Claude | Apparatus and method for extracting cooling power from helium in a cooling system regenerator |
DE10226498B4 (de) | 2002-06-14 | 2004-07-29 | Bruker Biospin Gmbh | Kryostatenanordnung mit verbesserten Eigenschaften |
US7093449B2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2006-08-22 | Raytheon Company | Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler with gas flow shunt |
DE202004018469U1 (de) * | 2004-11-29 | 2006-04-13 | Vericold Technologies Gmbh | Tieftemperatur-Kryostat |
US7628022B2 (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2009-12-08 | Clever Fellows Innovation Consortium, Inc. | Acoustic cooling device with coldhead and resonant driver separated |
EP2310768B1 (de) * | 2008-05-21 | 2018-12-26 | Brooks Automation, Inc. | Kryogener kühlschrank mit linearantrieb |
CN106679217B (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-08-28 | 复旦大学 | 一种机械振动隔离的液氦再凝聚低温制冷系统 |
US11047779B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2021-06-29 | Montana Instruments Corporation | Analytical instruments, methods, and components |
JP7033009B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2022-03-09 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | パルス管冷凍機 |
US11956924B1 (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2024-04-09 | Montana Instruments Corporation | Quantum processing circuitry cooling systems and methods |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1442415A (fr) | 1965-05-03 | 1966-06-17 | Air Liquide | Procédé de maintien à basse température d'une enceinte, notamment d'une enceinte de mesure |
US3721101A (en) * | 1971-01-28 | 1973-03-20 | Cryogenic Technology Inc | Method and apparatus for cooling a load |
JP2706828B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-01 | 1998-01-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 冷凍機 |
EP0448738A1 (de) * | 1990-03-24 | 1991-10-02 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Mit einem Refrigerator betriebene Einrichtung |
JP2821241B2 (ja) | 1990-06-08 | 1998-11-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 液化冷凍機付きクライオスタツト |
US5435136A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1995-07-25 | Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Pulse tube heat engine |
JP2783112B2 (ja) | 1992-03-31 | 1998-08-06 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 極低温冷凍機 |
US5335505A (en) | 1992-05-25 | 1994-08-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Pulse tube refrigerator |
US5485730A (en) | 1994-08-10 | 1996-01-23 | General Electric Company | Remote cooling system for a superconducting magnet |
US5711157A (en) | 1995-05-16 | 1998-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cooling system having a plurality of cooling stages in which refrigerant-filled chamber type refrigerators are used |
-
1996
- 1996-03-29 DE DE19612539A patent/DE19612539A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-01-25 DE DE59707919T patent/DE59707919D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-25 US US09/155,127 patent/US6263677B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-25 EP EP97902226A patent/EP0890063B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-25 JP JP53484797A patent/JP3702964B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-01-25 WO PCT/EP1997/000342 patent/WO1997037174A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9737174A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19612539A1 (de) | 1997-10-02 |
EP0890063B1 (de) | 2002-08-07 |
JP3702964B2 (ja) | 2005-10-05 |
US6263677B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
DE59707919D1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
JP2000507684A (ja) | 2000-06-20 |
WO1997037174A1 (de) | 1997-10-09 |
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