Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/02—Algae
  • A61K36/05—Chlorophycota or chlorophyta (green algae), e.g. Chlorella
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/13—Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
  • A61K36/14—Cupressaceae (Cypress family), e.g. juniper or cypress
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/45—Ericaceae or Vacciniaceae (Heath or Blueberry family), e.g. blueberry, cranberry or bilberry
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/88—Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
  • A61K36/896—Liliaceae (Lily family), e.g. daylily, plantain lily, Hyacinth or narcissus
  • A61K36/8962—Allium, e.g. garden onion, leek, garlic or chives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/12—Antidiarrhoeals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
  • A61P13/02—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of urine or of the urinary tract, e.g. urine acidifiers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• compositions useful in preventing and/or treating urogenital and intestinal disorders relates to compositions useful in preventing and/or treating urogenital and intestinal disorders
• Deviations from this delicate floral balance have been etiologically linked to a number of urogenital and/or gastrointestinal tract disorders, such imbalances usually resulting in the proliferation and predominance of pathogenic species Establishing and/or preserving such a delicate floral balance is, therefore, essential to maintaining optimal 0 health
• lactic acid bacteria e.g., lactobacillus or bifidobacterium
• growth factors selectively provide lactic acid bacteria with nutrients and an environment essential for continued growth Despite such selectivity, however, alternative nutrient sources remain available for pathogenic bacteria.
• growth substrates fail to provide direct activity against offending microorganisms. Therefore, notwithstanding such 0 proposals, there still remains a need for improved urogenital and gastrointestinal tract compositions containing lactic acid bacteria growth factors
• compositions incorporating plants or extracts of the Ericaceae family with Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium provide improved compositions for treating and/or preventing urogenital and gastrointestinal 5 disorders by modifying the interaction of pathogens with cellular tissue
• Vaccinium e.g. cranberry and blueberry
• a high molecular weight compound that inhibits the adhesion of common urinary pathogens (e.g., E. coli) to infection sites within the urinary tract.
• common urinary pathogens e.g., E. coli
• the compositions of the present invention provide improved environments more conducive to the colonization of lactic acid bacteria.
• an object of the present invention is to promote a healthy environment for the growth of lactic acid bacteria in the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide improved compositions comprising a growth factor for lactic acid bacteria.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide compositions for dietary supplementation.
• a still further object of the present invention is to provide topical compositions for vaginal use.
• An even further object of the present invention is to provide compositions and methods effective in preventing and/or treating urogenital and intestinal disorders.
• the present invention relates to compositions for the treatment or prevention of urogenital and intestinal disorders, comprising: a.) at least one plant species of the Ericaceae family or its extract; and b.) an effective amount of a growth factor for facilitating the growth of lactic acid bacteria selected from the group consisting of glycogen, rhamnose, gangliosides, salicin, oligosaccharides, galactose, lactulose, methyl- ⁇ -D- mannoside, p-nitrophenoi- ⁇ -D-mannoside, maltose, dextrin, dextran, levan, sialic acid, acetylglucosamine, yeast extracts, peptone, keratin, vegetable, soy, lauric acid, glycerophosphates and mixtures thereof.
• urogenital and intestinal compositions means a product which in the ordinary course of usage may be retained in the oral cavity, swallowed or applied topically to provide ur
• urogenital means that system of organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and reproduction.
• intestinal means of or relating to the intestines. All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight unless otherwise specified Also, all measurements referred to herein are made at 25°C unless otherwise specified DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The essential as well as optional components of the compositions of the present invention are described in the following paragraphs.
• the Ericaceae (heath) family consisting of about 110 genera and 4,000 species, is by far the most important family of the Ericales order, encompassing a wide variety of fruit producing shrubbery and evergreen plants
• Genera falling under Ericaceae family include Vaccinium, Arctostaphylos, Gaultheria, and Gaylussacia
• the Arctostaphylos genus includes such species as the checkerberry and bearberry (Uva ursi).
• Other edible fruits such as the creeping snowberry or moxie plum fall under the genus Gaultheria Huckleberries are a well known species of the genus Gaylussacia.
• the Vaccinium genus best known for its fruits, contain some of the most common of berries, including the blueberry (e.g., V. australe), cranberry (e.g., V. macrocarpori) and bilberry (e.g , V. myrtillus).
• blueberry e.g., V. australe
• cranberry e.g., V. macrocarpori
• bilberry e.g , V. myrtillus
• E. coli adherence results primarily from adhesins on the raised hair like fimbriae (or pili) of the microorganism. These adhesins are designated MS (mannose-sensitive) and MR (mannose-resistant). Like most fruit, Ericacease fruit species contain fructose, an inhibitor of MS adhesins. However, it has been recently suggested that the plants or extracts of Ericaceae species further contain an unidentified, non-dialyzable polymeric compound which inhibits the MR adhesins associated with pyelonephritogenic strains of E. Coli. The unidentified polymeric compound, as studied in Vaccinium species, was found to inhibit both urinary and fecal isolates of E.
• anti-adhesive activity means an amount effective to inhibit the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms to the epithelial and/or mucosal lining of the urogenital and/or intestinal tract.
• Plants or extracts useful in the compositions of the present invention come from a wide range of genera within the Ericaceae family including, but not limited to, Vaccinium, Arctostaphylos, Gaultheria, and Gaylussacia.
• Preferred species include, V. australe, V. corymbosum, V. occidentale, V. ovatum, V. myrtillus, V. parvifolium, V. uliginosum, V. macrocarp ⁇ n, V. oxycoccus, V.
• erythrocarpum V. vitis-idaea. V. australe, V. macrocarpon.
• Vaccinium species most preferred for use in the present invention include V. australe, V. macrocarpon, and V. myrtillus. Mixtures of Ericaceae plants and/or extracts may also be used.
• the plants or extracts of the present invention are preferably concentrated, having a ratio of at least about 4 pounds of plant concentrate or extracts per pound of concentrate, more preferably from about 4 pounds of plant concentrates or extracts per pound of concentrate to about 50 pounds of plant concentrate or extracts per pound of concentrate.
• the Ericaceae extracts are preferably present at a level of at least lOmg, more preferably from about lOOmg to about 18g, most preferably from about 250mg to about 4g per unit dose.
• the amount of extract contained in each dose of product can be adjusted for the dosage form. For example, the amount of extract in powdered form used in a drink mix can range up to 18g per dose while the amount used in swallowable capsules might range to about 4g.
• Preferred levels of the Ericaceae plants or extracts provide urinary and/or intestinal tract fluid concentrations of the above mentioned unidentified, non-dialyzable polymeric compound of from about 12 to about 25 micrograms per milliliter. Also, the plants or extracts of the present invention preferably retain greater than 2.5% of their total acid content and greater than about 0.1% of their benzoic acid content. The level selected to provide the desired level of anti-adhesin activity and can be modified as desired. Cranberries and cranberry extracts are useful in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of urinary tract infections and are also useful as vaginal deodorants. Growth Factor for Lactic acid Bacteria
• compositions of the present invention also incorporate a growth factor for lactic acid bacteria
• a growth factor for facilitating the growth of lactic acid bacteria means a nutrient source or media which supplies a necessary source of food and/or energy for facilitating the growth of lactic acid producing bacteria
• the growth factor is preferably selective for establishing and maintaining the growth of lactic acid bacteria, preferably Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium species, without facilitating extreme growth of pathogenic bacteria
• the various nutritional requirements essential for bacterial and/or colony growth are normally met when the growth factor contains fermentable carbohydrate, peptone, meat or yeast extract Supplementations with tomato juice, manganese, acetate and oleic acid esters, especially Tween 80, are stimulatory or even essential for most species and are, therefore, included in most MRS medium Lactic acid bacteria adapted to very particular substrates may require special growth factors.
• Growth factors suitable for use in the present invention are selected from the group consisting of glycogen; D-mannose; mannitol; escuiine; lactose; saccharose; trehalose; D- raffinose; gentibiose; giuconate; rha nose; gangliosides; salicin, oligosaccharides; galactose, lactulose; methyl- ⁇ -D-mannoside; p-nitrophenol- ⁇ -D-mannoside, maltose, dextrin, maltodextrin; dextran; levan, sialic acid; acetylglucosamine; yeast extracts, proteinacious materials such as, peptone, keratin, vegetable, soy and unsaturated fatty acids such as lauric acid and teichoic acids such as lipoteichoic acid and esters such as glycerophosphates or ⁇ -glycerophosphates.
• Fiber or fermentable substrates such as psyllium may be used in the present compositions as may gums such as guar gum and xanthan gum.
• gums such as guar gum and xanthan gum.
• vaginally monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose as well as whey proteins may also be inco ⁇ orated.
• the growth factor is preferably selected from the group consisting of rhamnose, oligosaccharides and glucogen
• the growth factor of the present invention is an oligosaccharide such as, but not limited to, galactooligosaccharides, soybean oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides.
• oligosaccharides In addition to being a carbohydrate source, oligosaccharides also possess bioadhesive properties which help fix the location of these growth factors for easier access by lactic acid bacteria. Most preferred for use herein are fructooligosaccharides.
• Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, partially utilize fructooligosaccharides as an energy source by converting it, via fermentation, to lactic acid or a mixture of lactic acid, acetic acid, and CO2
• the lactic acid and other fatty acids produced by this carbohydrate fermentation contribute to the maintenance of low pH which is an important control mechanism for preventing colonization of pathogens.
• Inulin is prepared by hot water extraction of chicory roots and is composed of molecules of the GFn type, n ranging as high as 60 with an average degree of polymerization of 10.
• Fructooligosaccharides suitable for use herein may or may not have non-fructosyl units in place of fructosyl end units.
• Non-fructosyl units may include, but are not limited to, polyalcohols such as xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol.
• Fructooligosaccharides most preferred for use in the present compositions are inulin or oligofructose. Mixtures of these nutrients may also be used.
• Growth factors are preferably inco ⁇ orated into the compositions of the present invention at from about 5% to about 75%, more preferably from about 20% to about 70%, and most preferably from about 30% to about 65% per unit dose.
• OPTIONAL COMPONENTS are preferably inco ⁇ orated into the compositions of the present invention at from about 5% to about 75%, more preferably from about 20% to about 70%, and most preferably from about 30% to about 65% per unit dose.
• An optional component of the present invention is a viable colony of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium.
• Bacteria of the Lactobacillus genus are characterized as rod-shaped, gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacteria.
• Lactobacillus inhabit the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans and are important members of lactic acid producing group of bacteria.
• Various species of Lactobacillus are used commercially in the production of sour milks, cheeses and yogurt. Lactobacilli also share an important role in the manufacture of fermented vegetables (e.g., pickles and sauerkraut), beverages (e.g., beer, wine and juices), sourdough breads, and some sausages.
• Lactobacillus species suitable for use in the present invention are those which 1.) readily adhere to the epithelial cells of either the urogenital or gastrointestinal tracts of mammals; 2.) produce hydrogen peroxide; 3.) promote low pH; and produce bacteriocins.
• bacteriocins means proteinaceious, bacteriocidal substances synthesized by bacteria, which usually have a narrow spectrum of activity, inhibiting strains of the same or closely related species. Bacteriocins appear to be capable of displacing or suppressing the growth of other bacteria, and as such may provide an advantage to microorganisms in fermenting the female genital tract ecosystem.
• Preferred species of Lactobacillus include L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii, L.
• Lactobacillus species of the present invention are hydrogen peroxide producing such as L. acidophilus, L. catenaforme, L.
• L. crispatus, L. delbrueckii, L. jensenii, L rogosae. L. fermentum, L. gasseri and L. plantarum are also preferred for use herein in view of their adhesive properties.
• Bifidobacterium species are non-acid-fast, nonmotile gram negative rods. Lactic and acetic acid producing Bifidobacteria are also considered important regulators of the urogenital and intestinal flora of mammals.
• Species suitable for use in the present compositions include, but are not limited to, B. longum, B. breve, Lactobacillus Bifidus and Lactobacillus bifidus subsp pennsylvanicus.
• Preferred for use in the present compositions is B. Bifidum, most preferred B. Bifidum subsp. Pennsylvanicus.
• Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium species may also be used. Any of the above species may be obtained either commercially or through laboratory cultures.
• the Lactobacillus and/or Bifidobacterium species are present at levels of at least about 10 ⁇ cells per unit dose, preferably at levels of from about 10 ⁇ to about 10 ⁇ 2 ce n s per unit dose and most preferably at levels of from about 10 ⁇ to about 10 ⁇ cells per unit dose.
• unit dose means physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for administration to mammals, each such unit containing a predetermined quantity of an active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
• the level is selected to provide the desired level of urogenital and gastrointestinal activity and can be modified as desired.
• Lactobacillus may loose 4-6 fold of its viability at room temperature and during manufacturing, so depending on the manufacturing conditions, an excess of Lactobacillus is added to maintain an adequate number of viable organisms per final unit dose form.
• a patient can be administered the equivalent of these concentrations of organisms where the values are expressed by some other measurement such as, for example, total protein concentration.
• compositions of the present invention may also contain a buffering agent.
• buffering to an acidic pH to enhance flavor may be done.
• buffering agents suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention are those capable of maintaining a urogenital pH of 3.0 to 5.5. Any mild pharmaceutically acceptable acid, other than those found in the Ericaceae species disclosed herein, can be used.
• Suitable acids include boric acid, or organic acids such as quinnic acid, proprionic acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid, hippuric acid, tartaric acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid, or acetic acid, in combination with their respective sodium or other pharmaceutically acceptable salt (to the extent necessary to achieve the desired pH).
• the compositions of the present invention are preferably buffered to a pH range of from about 3.5 to about 5.0, preferably from about 3.7 to about 4.7, and preferably using lactic acid with sodium lactate or a combination lactic acid/sodium lactate and benzoic acid or lactic acid/sodium lactate and proprionic acid.
• Additional therapeutic and/or medicinal plants or extracts may also be inco ⁇ orated into the compositions of the present invention.
• Such plants or extracts include echinacea, allium, bucha, juniper ginseng, allicin, chloretla, aigin and the like. Mixtures of these additional plants or extracts may also be used.
• Nutritional Additives include echinacea, allium, bucha, juniper ginseng, allicin, chloretla, aigin and the like. Mixtures of these additional plants or extracts may also be used.
• Nutritional additives may also be inco ⁇ orated into the compositions of the present invention.
• Such additives include, but are not limited to, proteins and carbohydrates other than those mentioned herein as growth factors, vitamins such as nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin; minerals such as manganese; phytochemicals; amino acids such as serine, glutamine, methionine, glycine, cysteine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, valine.
• compositions of the present invention may also be used in combination with pharmaceutical actives.
• the pharmaceutical active is preferably selected from at least one of an analgesic agent and/or a gastrointestinal agent.
• analgesics preferred for use in the present invention include acetaminophen, acetyl salicylic acid, indomethacin and optically active isomers or racemates of ibuprofen, naproxen, flurbiprofen, ca ⁇ rofen, tiaprofenic acid, cicloprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, etodolac, indomethacin, sulindac, fenoprofen, diclofenac, piroxicam, benzydomine, nabumetone, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and mixtures thereof.
• gastrointestinal agents preferred for use in the present invention include anticholinergics including atropine, clidinium and dicyclomine; antacids including aluminum hydroxide, bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth subcitrate, simethicone, calcium carbonate and magaldrate; H2 ⁇ receptor antagonists including cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine; laxatives including: docusate, phenolphthalein and casanthrol; gastroprotectants including sucralfate and sucralfate humid gel; gastrokinetic agents including metoclopramide and cisapride; proton pump inhibitors including omeprazole and antidiarrheals including: diphenoxylate, kaolin pectin, attapulgite and loperamide.
• anticholinergics including atropine, clidinium and dicyclomine
• antacids including aluminum hydroxide, bismuth subsalicylate, bismuth subcitrate
• compositions of the present invention are many and varied and depend largely upon the end use of the compositions. These carriers include orally acceptable as well as topical compositions. They may be completely inert or contain or may be other active ingredients, yet the carriers must be compatible with the herein disclosed compositions.
• compatible means that the carrier components are capable of being commingled with the components of the present invention, and with each other, in a manner such that there is no interaction which would substantially reduce the activity of the compositions under ordinary use situations.
• Carrier materials must, of course, be of sufficiently high purity and sufficiently low toxicity to render them suitable for administration to the human being treated.
• the compositions of the present invention comprise from about 0.01% to about 99.99% of one or more carrier materials.
• Carriers suitable for topical administration of the present compositions include suppositories, vaginal tablets or capsules, ovules, creams, solutions for lavages, emulsions, foams, soaps, gels, liniments, oils and ointments.
• Creams and gels, other base formulations may be used in topical administration of the present compositions to, for example, the genital region and are prepared according to conventional methods for semi-solid compositions using excipients like vaseline, paraffin, vaseline oil, vegetable oils, animal oils, solid and liquid synthetic glycerides, waxes, lanolin, lanolin alcohols, sorbitan esters, fatty alcohols, liquid/solid polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, polyethylene, starch, acrylamides, methacrylamides, derivatives of cellulose and carboxyvinylpolymers.
• excipients like vaseline, paraffin, vaseline oil, vegetable oils, animal oils, solid and liquid synthetic glycerides, waxes, lanolin, lanolin alcohols, sorbitan esters, fatty alcohols, liquid/solid polyethylene glycols, propylene glycols, polyethylene, starch, acrylamides, methacrylamides, derivatives of cellulose and carboxyvinyl
• Ovules, suppositories, vaginal capsules or tablets and effervescent tablets may also be useful in topical application of the prevention.
• Ovules are similar to suppositories, ovoidal shaped and the excipients mainly used are semi-synthetic glycerides and polyethylene glycols and optionally also emulsifiers and surfactants.
• the vaginal capsules are gelatinous envelopes or sachets within which is subdivided the suspension which is generally anhydrous and contains liquid paraffin, vaseline, vegetable oils and semi-synthetic oils and thickening agents.
• the tablets, shaped suitably for vaginal use contain as main excipients lactose, starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, glycol.
• the effervescent tablets contain chemical components (i.e. sodium bicarbonate with citric acid or tartaric acid), which are necessary to develop carbon dioxide in order to produce effervescence.
• compositions of the present invention may also be inco ⁇ orated into and topically applied by woven or nonwoven fabric materials such as tissues, wipes, feminine napkins, panty liners, tampons, diapers, incontinent care products and the like.
• Preferred for use herein are nonwoven fabrics.
• Nonwoven fabrics suitable for inco ⁇ orating the present compositions are described in U.S. Patent 4,891,227 to Tha an et al., herein inco ⁇ orated by reference.
• Oral dosage forms are also useful as carriers for the present invention. These dosage forms contain compatible solid or liquid filler diluents or encapsulating substances which are suitable for oral administration to a human or lower animal.
• Liquid dosage forms for oral administration may comprise dissolving or suspending the compositions of the present invention in a potable liquid, such as sterile or distilled water.
• liquid or dry oral administration forms can comprise an enterically coated capsule containing the dosage forms.
• Suitable forms include emulsions, suspensions, solutions, syrups, and elixirs containing inert diluents commonly used in the art, such as purified water, sugars, polysaccharides, silicate gels, gelatin, or an alcohol. These inert diluents do not actively participate in the therapeutic effect of the present invention.
• compositions can also contain wetting agents, emulsifying agents, suspending agents, as well as additional therapeutic actives
• wetting agents emulsifying agents
• suspending agents emulsifying agents
• additional therapeutic actives emulsifying agents
• Tablets can be compressed, molded, triturated or multiple compressed, containing suitable binders, lubricants, diluents, disintegrating agents, and flow-inducing agents.
• Tablets may be enteric-, film- or sugar-coated Protein-like coating components may also be included. Useful for improvement of gastrointestinal disorders, such components may contain branched amino acid-modified proteins.
• Whey powders for example, are treated with papain in the presence of the amino acids ethyl L-leucine (16.1 parts), ethyl L- isoleucine (7.4 parts), ethyl L-valine (10.2 parts), cysteine hydrochloride (1.5 parts), and sodium carbonate (26 parts) in water at 40°C for 20 minutes to manufacture coated powders containing 10% free amino acids and 43% branched amino acids.
• the branched amino acid-modified powders can be mixed with fats, dextrins, salts, vitamins, and the like to make tablets.
• a tablet coating materials are zeolites and clays to make tablets more palatable. Zeolites have found use as bacterial feed coatings for domestic animals. For example, in the domestic animal business, timeline fumarate is dissolved in methanol, supported on mordenite-type zeolite or starch, dried and further premixed with the supports to produce sustained-release, coated granules. Still other examples of tablet coatings include complex carbohydrate and inclusion complexes.
• soft or hard gelatin capsules are also useful.
• the gelatin shell is essentially transparent so as to enhance the aesthetic qualities of the capsule.
• Soft and hard gelatin shells generally comprise gelatin, a plasticizer and water.
• the starting gelatin material generally used in the manufacture of these capsules is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagenous material.
• Gelatin suitable for capsule manufacture is commercially available from the Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo.
• One or more plasticizers is inco ⁇ orated to produce a gelatin shell.
• Useful plasticizers of the present invention include glycerin, sorbitan, sorbitol, or similar low molecular weight polyols, and mixtures thereof.
• compositions of the present invention may be achieved by inco ⁇ orating the compositions of the present invention into freeze-dried or lyophilized tablets. Freeze-drying or lyophilization facilitates disintegration of the composition by forming the dried composition into an open matrix network. In most cases, this results in rapid permeation by the aqueous media, promoting timely delivery of the product.
• Suitable methods of freeze drying are well known in the art and commonly employed. Any suitable conventional method of freeze-drying may be utilized. A preferable method of freezing and drying is to fast freeze the composition and then dry the composition to a final moisture content of about 2% to about 5%. Suitable methods of freeze-drying and production are taught by U.S. Patent 4.642.903. February 17, 1987, to Davies, U.S.
• the compositions of the present invention may be vacuum dried.
• Vacuum drying involves at least the partial drying of compositions at temperatures above compositions' collapse temperature. Freeze drying, on the other hand, involves the drying of compositions at temperatures below the composition's collapse temperature. Any suitable method of vacuum drying may be used. Suitable vacuum drying processes are described in U.S. Patent 5.298.261. to Pebley et al., issued March 29, 1994, herein inco ⁇ orated by reference.
• One other form of tableting technology that may be applicable to the present invention is a liquid/liquid extract developed by Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc. and is identified by the trade name QuicksolvTM. This technology is fully described in U.S. Patent 5.215.756. herein inco ⁇ orated by reference.
• ingredients well known to the pharmacist's art may also be included in amounts generally known for these ingredients, for example, natural or artificial sweeteners, flavoring agents, colorants, perfuming agents, buffering agents and the like to provide a palatable and pleasant looking final product, antioxidants, for example, butylated hydroxy anisole or butylated hydroxy toluene, and preservatives, for example, methyl or propyl paraben, potassium sorbate, or sodium benzoate, to prolong and enhance shelf life.
• a preferred optional component is also caffeine.
• Example I A tablet form of the present invention is made by combining the following components using conventional mixing and tableting technology. Ingredient % Weight
• the cranberry extract and fructooligosaccharide are granulated with 5% ethylcellulose in ethanol.
• the granulation is then passed through a 12 mesh screen and dried at 120°F.
• To the dried granulation is added stearic acid.
• the granulation mixture is passed through a 20 mesh screen.
• To the sieved granulation is added the starch and talc and mixing until uniform.
• the resultant granulation mixture is then compressed using conventional tableting processes.
• Example II A capsule form of the present invention is made by combining the following components using conventional mixing technology.
• Example III A topical gel form of the present invention is made by combining the following components using conventional mixing technology.
• compositions may also contain a growth factor such as glycogen, rhamnose, oligosaccharides, lactulose, methyl- ⁇ -D-mannoside, p- nitrophenol- ⁇ -D-mannoside, maltose, dextrin, levan, acetylglucosamine, amino acids, proteinacious materials such as, peptone, keratin, vegetable, soy, glycerophosphates and mixtures thereof.
• a growth factor such as glycogen, rhamnose, oligosaccharides, lactulose, methyl- ⁇ -D-mannoside, p- nitrophenol- ⁇ -D-mannoside, maltose, dextrin, levan, acetylglucosamine, amino acids, proteinacious materials such as, peptone, keratin, vegetable, soy, glycerophosphates and mixtures thereof.
• suitable ingredients, diluents and dosage forms or readily ascertain such using routine experimentation

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• 1997
  • 1997-02-06 CA CA002246371A patent/CA2246371A1/en not_active Abandoned
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