Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
  • A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements

Definitions

• the invention relates to the use of potassium chloride in combination with silage auxiliaries known per se, such as sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium formate, free formic acid and / or propionic acid.
• silage is of great economic importance in animal feed.
• a number of additives are known for improving the fermentation process and for improving the silage quality.
• the currently valid list of ensiling agents tested by the German Agricultural Society (DLG) describes the use of salts of formic acid and propionic acid, nitrite compounds, sorbic acid, formaldehyde-generating compounds and substances containing sugar, e.g. Molasses.
• the addition of lactic acid bacteria cultures or enzymes is also described.
• lactic acid In general, for a very good silage to succeed, a sufficient amount of lactic acid is produced as quickly as possible and this is retained in the silage during the entire storage period.
• a prerequisite for sufficient lactic acid production is the presence of a sufficient amount of fermentable carbohydrates, anaerobic conditions in the feed stock and the lowest possible temperatures. There are close interactions between these parameters.
• fermentable carbohydrates can be processed by parts of the plant which have not yet died and by aerobic microorganisms. This process leads to a loss of nutrients, which inhibits the development of lactic acid bacteria and at the same time opens up growth opportunities for silage pests. This process continues until the atmospheric oxygen is used up. Under unfavorable conditions, this means that the rapid and necessary pH reduction in the silage is not achieved. Under these conditions, clostridia can form butyric acid, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of the silage and its complete deterioration.
• the silage suffers constant weight loss due to the inhalation of sugar and starch due to the undesirable microorganisms.
• potassium chloride leads to the same application rates as before, i.e. 1 to 10 kg of the total amount of silage aid per t of green fodder at significantly lower dry weight losses. It is not known what is to be attributed to this, since potassium chloride could not have been expected to have a clear advantage with a purely osmotic effect.
• the invention relates to silage auxiliaries selected from sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium formate, free formic acid and / or propionic acid in combination with effective amounts of potassium chloride for the silage of green fodder.
• silage additives with which potassium chloride can be used are, for example, the silage additives mentioned in the list published by the DLG (5th edition, status: April 10, 1995). These usually contain an alternative to sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium formate and / or formic acid and propionic acid, calcium formate, in addition to some dicalcium phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite, sodium nitrite, hexamethylenetetramine, (sugar cane) meßasse, sorbic acid, salts from inorganic acids (Phosphoric acid, sodium, magnesium compounds) as well as other mineral substances, mineral carriers, trace elements.
• inorganic acids Phosphoric acid, sodium, magnesium compounds
• Bacterial cultures such as lactic acid bacteria, enzymes or enzyme complexes, are also preferred, in particular if they are adsorbed / applied to a carrier.
• suitable products that contain fermentable carbohydrates, such as, in addition to the molasses already mentioned, boiled potatoes, crushed grain or dried whey.
• the weight ratio of the known SiIating agents, in particular sodium propionate, calcium propionate, sodium formate, propionic acid and / or formic acid to potassium chloride is generally 90 to 10 to 30 to 70, preferably 60 to 40 to 40 to 60.
• the silage additive is added in an amount of 1 to 10 kg, in particular 2 to 5 kg, per ton of silage.
• the exact amount depends on the type of material to be ensiled, in particular whether it is easy to silage, moderately difficult to ensile or difficult to ensile. More precise values can be found in the DLG list above and the corresponding instructions for the individual silage additives.
• the application rate of the potassium chloride is generally 0.2 to 9 kg / t of green fodder, preferably 0.5 to 6 kg / t and in particular 1 to 4 kg / t.
• the silage material from fermentation feed that can be used for the use according to the invention is not subject to any particular restriction per se.
• Ge are suitable all easy to ensile fodder (slightly wilted grass and other forage plants having more than 3% sugar content in the fresh mass, wilted grass with more than 30% dry matter, wilted legumes with more than 25% dry matter, Ganzpflan ⁇ zen cereal, moist cereal and moisture maize, pressed chips), with ⁇ telhis ensile fodder ⁇ grass 20 to 25% dry matter, Le ⁇ guminosen 25 to 30% dry matter and other forage plants having sugar contents of 1.5 to 3% in the fresh mass) or difficult to ensile fodder (grass with less than 20% dry matter or legumes with less than 20% dry matter and with less than 1.5% sugar in the fresh matter, and grass or legumes whose wilting failed).
• the silage preferably has a moisture content of at least 60%, more preferably 60 to 90% (corresponding to 40 to 10% dry matter).
• the silage agents according to the invention can be distributed homogeneously in the silage material, for example by applying the silage material in layers and distributing the silage mixture according to the invention over each layer.
• the individual components are mixed in separately. This variant is also considered to be included.
• the silage mixture is then applied either by hand, an applicator or a metering device, which is preferably attached to the discharge of a chopper.
• the invention is illustrated by the following example.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7779802

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

• 1995
  • 1995-12-11 DE DE19546200A patent/DE19546200A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1996
  • 1996-12-02 CZ CZ981687A patent/CZ168798A3/cs unknown
  • 1996-12-02 PL PL96327194A patent/PL327194A1/xx unknown
  • 1996-12-02 EP EP96941635A patent/EP0866662A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1996-12-02 SK SK763-98A patent/SK76398A3/sk unknown
  • 1996-12-02 KR KR1019980704343A patent/KR19990072049A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-02 TR TR1998/01037T patent/TR199801037T2/xx unknown
  • 1996-12-02 BR BR9611976A patent/BR9611976A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-02 WO PCT/EP1996/005331 patent/WO1997021355A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1996-12-02 CA CA002235392A patent/CA2235392A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-12-02 AU AU10961/97A patent/AU1096197A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-12-02 JP JP9521677A patent/JP2000501937A/ja not_active Abandoned
• 1998
  • 1998-05-15 BG BG102451A patent/BG102451A/xx unknown
  • 1998-06-10 NO NO982665A patent/NO982665L/no unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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