Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
  • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
  • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
  • D02G1/16—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using jets or streams of turbulent gases, e.g. air, steam
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2904—Staple length fiber
  • Y10T428/2909—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]

Definitions

• the invention relates to fibers with permanent cracking obtained by three-dimensional texturing and to a process for manufacturing these fibers.
• Synthetic fibers are used in numerous applications for the production of fiber yarns, textile or covering surfaces, or as filling elements, for example
• a support surface which may be a fabric, a knitted fabric or a nonwoven, a surface of synthetic or natural material reinforced or not by fillers
• Fibers are also used for the production of nonwoven or felt surfaces which have many applications such as filtration, stabilization of floors, abrasive surfaces, filling or insulation layers, lining, between lining, reinforcement fabric, for example
• the fibers used are generally finned fibers.
• the current methods of manufacturing fibers consist of manufacturing by spinning in the molten medium locks comprising a large number of filaments arranged in parallel. These locks are collected either in pots or returned to coils or other supports arranged, for example on a creel, to form a set of coils These wicks are advantageously assembled in a cable or a sheet which will be supplied in a stretching / wrapping installation
• the stretching is generally carried out in a roller stretching bench, the f ⁇ sage being obtained by supercharging the cable on a surface maintained in a heated enclosure
• the cable accumulates on this surface and forms folds
• the deformation of the filaments is fixed by the temperature of the enclosure
• the cable is then either fed into a cutter to be cut into fibers of desired length, or stored in the form of bales to then be fed into cutters
• the fibers thus obtained have a low bulk because the fnsure is only made in a plane, the fiber can be described as a zigzag line
• this crimping process requires slow speeds and therefore cannot be performed in line with the spinning, that is to say without a storage step and repnse the cable between the spinning step and the crimping step , especially for high titer fibers or filaments
• the object of the invention is in particular to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a synthetic material fiber having a three-dimensional crimp, therefore greater bulk and which can be obtained in an integrated process, without the step of storing and taking up the cable between the step and the cable cutting step.
• the invention provides fibers with permanent crimping in synthetic material which is characterized in that the cracks in the fibers are contained in at least two intersecting planes
• the fibers of the invention can advantageously have a crack rate greater than 30% under a tension of 100 mg, greater than 25% under a tension of 200 mg and even more advantageously a crimp rate greater than 20% under a tension of 400 mg
• fibers of the same title but with crimps contained only in one plane have a crimp rate of less than 30% from a tension of 100 mg
• the crimp rate is determined by measuring the length (L ⁇ j) of a straightened and flattened fiber, and the length (Lf) of the crimped fiber to which a determined tension is applied.
• the crease rate (Tf ) is calculated by the formula
• the crimping of the fibers of the invention has loops or folds of the fiber in the shape of a pigtail
• the synthetic materials constituting the fibers are advantageously a polymer of the type polyamide or copolyamide
• polyamides or copolyamides suitable for the invention mention may be made of polyadipamide of hexamethylene, polycaprolactam, copolymers of these two polyamides or their mixtures.
• These polyamides may also include other recurring units such as units aromatic sulfonates such as the recurring unit derived from 5-isophthalic acid or the like, or units derived from other dicarboxylic acids such as iso or terephthalic or dominated acids
• Polyamides can also be used with various additives such as pigments, matifiers, heat or light stabilizers, heat protection agents, anti-microbial agents, anti-fouling agents or the like. This list is not exhaustive
• the fibers of the invention may have varied titles Thus, the fibers may have a title equal to a few dtex up to a title of several hundred dtex
• the fibers advantageously have a titer greater than 50 dtex, for example between 50 and 250 dtex
• the fibers of the invention having in particular a high titer, such as greater than
• the length of the fibers according to the invention can vary in large proportions However, according to a preferred characteristic of the invention, this length is advantageously between 25 mm and 200 mm
• the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing the fibers described above.
• This process consists in spinning in one or more dies a composition of synthetic material, at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of said composition so as to obtain a number of filaments
• filaments are then cooled by a cooling fluid to lower their temperature to a value less than or close to the Tg of the polymer.
• the filaments are then gathered at a point, called a point of convergence, to form a wick. parallel to each other
• the wick is optionally subjected to drawing, then it is fed in a t ⁇ dimensional texturing step or texturing with pneumatic piling This f ⁇ sure is advantageously fixed in the texturing step
• the wick thus f ⁇ sée is advantageously fed in a cutting means to be cut in fibers of desired length.
• several wicks can be collected and fed together in the cutter These steps are preferably carried out without intermediate storage or rep ⁇ se of the wick
• the process of the invention is, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, a continuous and integrated process which includes the steps of spinning, stretching, spinning, fixing and cutting in line
• the spinning speed can vary from 500 m / mm to 2500 m / min
• the spinning temperature is between 250 ° C and 300 ° C.
• the filaments leaving the die are cooled by a fluid which is advantageously either water or
• the cooling fluid is advantageously water
• the filaments after convergence in the form of a wick or sheet are subjected to a drawing whose rate is advantageously between 1 and 5, preferably between 2 and 4
• This stretching is generally carried out between two or more trains of heated or unheated rollers II can be carried out cold or at a temperature up to 120 ° C.
• the stretched filaments are fed in a crimping or texturing step according to the p ⁇ ncipe of the pneumatic piling described in particular in French patent n ° 2 041 654
• the filaments are entrained by a fluid heated to a temperature above 100 ° C in a nozzle, the filaments being taken up on a drive roller at the outlet of the nozzle at a speed lower than the speed of entry of the filaments into the nozzle
• the filaments pile up in the nozzle by forming folds, the driving fluid laterally escaping through holes provided on the wall of the nozzle
• the wick f ⁇ sée is developed and then fed into cutting means to produce fibers of determined length for example, advantageously comp ⁇ se between 25 and 200 mm.
• the process of the invention makes it possible to obtain filaments then fibers comprising three-dimensional crimps, but with a minimum of entanglement between the filaments
• the fibers are easily individualized and compatible to be used in particular for the production of nonwoven and spun fibers or in flocking processes for example
• Others applications of these fibers, in particular for fibers of high titer, for example greater than 70 dtex, are the production of nonwoven surface for the production of abrasive pads
• Other advantages, details of the invention will appear more clearly in the light of the examples given below by way of illustration and without limiting effect.
• a polyamide PA 66 is extruded with a polymer flow rate in the die of 380 g / min.
• the filaments are cooled by passage through a cold water bath and driven by a delivery roller at a speed of 286 m / min.
• the filament drawing rate is 2.85.
• the filaments together in the form of a strand of 272 filaments are subjected to a texturing according to patent 2 041 654.
• the storage medium made up of an air / steam mixture has a temperature of 170 C C.
• the title of the wick is of 5860 dtex.
• the wick is fed into a cutter comprising 4 blades to form fibers of length 155 mm.
• the fibers thus produced are analyzed to determine their mechanical properties. - Title fibers: 21.6 dtex tenacity: 23.5 cN / tex% elongation at break: 87% Young's modulus: 84 cN / tex
• Fibers have the following properties:
• the curling rate under tension of 200 mg is 42%.
• PA66 fibers of titer 110 dtex were produced.
• the sector used includes 56 capillaries.
• the polymer flow through the capillaries is 420 g / min.
• the drawing rate is 2.9 with a drawing speed of 770 m / min.
• the fibers of length 52 mm have the following characteristics • titer • 109 dtex tenacity: 25 cN / tex% elongation at break: 52% shrinking boiling water: 3.5%
• the curling rate under tension of 200 mg is 24%.
• a carpet surface was produced with a spun of fibers obtained by spinning the fibers of Example 1 (titer about 22dtex).
• the fiber yarn produced according to the usual spinning techniques has a metric number of 5/1 and is stored in the form of spools.
• the carpet surface is manufactured according to the TUFT process using as a backing or support a non-woven surface marketed under the trademark COLBACK® by the company AKZO.
• Two carpet surfaces (A and B) were obtained with a loom having a gauge of 1/10 ° and a number of points of 62 / dm for surface A and 48 / dm for surface B.
• the height of the hairs, after leveling is 6 mm for both surfaces
• Surface A has a density of 700 g / m 2, that of surface B is 540 9 / m2.
• the properties of use of these surfaces were determined by tests called VETTERMANN (reference ISO TR 10361 of 15/11/1990) and test with the device on casters or wheelchair (reference ISO TR 4918 of 15/10/1990 ).
• the VETTERMANN test consists in placing test pieces of carpet surface on the internal face of a drum which contains a round steel ball having rubber pads on its surface. The drum is rotated causing the movement of the steel ball which comes into contact with the surface of the test pieces After 22,000 drum cycles, the surface appearance of the test pieces is evaluated according to ISO / TR 9405. Surface A has a rating of 3.7, while the surface has a rating 3.5.
• the test on an apparatus on casters or wheelchairs consists in moving one or more casters placed under a load of 90 kg on the surface of a test piece carpet. The surface appearance of the test pieces and their loss of thickness are determined in accordance with ISO TR 4918 and ISO TR 9405 The results obtained are shown in the table below
• Tests for the manufacture of carpets using the needled surface technique demonstrate the good suitability of the fibers according to the invention for this application.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
• Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1995
  • 1995-12-08 FR FR9514738A patent/FR2742168B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1996
  • 1996-12-05 AT AT96941707T patent/ATE262603T1/de active
  • 1996-12-05 EP EP96941707A patent/EP0865522B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-12-05 JP JP9521781A patent/JPH11510223A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-12-05 DE DE69631967T patent/DE69631967T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-12-05 US US09/091,021 patent/US6180230B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-12-05 WO PCT/FR1996/001944 patent/WO1997021858A2/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-12-05 ES ES96941707T patent/ES2214556T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-12-05 AU AU11007/97A patent/AU1100797A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-12-05 CA CA002238894A patent/CA2238894C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related

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