EP0822010B1 - Procédé pour faire un revêtement brillant sur des pièces par exemple de véhicules et notamment des roues, et pièces ainsi revêtues - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire un revêtement brillant sur des pièces par exemple de véhicules et notamment des roues, et pièces ainsi revêtues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0822010B1
EP0822010B1 EP97110178A EP97110178A EP0822010B1 EP 0822010 B1 EP0822010 B1 EP 0822010B1 EP 97110178 A EP97110178 A EP 97110178A EP 97110178 A EP97110178 A EP 97110178A EP 0822010 B1 EP0822010 B1 EP 0822010B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
gloss
lacquer
coated part
part according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97110178A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0822010A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Käumle
Reinhold Separautzki
Klaus Goedicke
Fred Dr.Rer.Nat. Fietzke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Priority claimed from DE19702566A external-priority patent/DE19702566C2/de
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV, Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0822010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0822010A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0822010B1 publication Critical patent/EP0822010B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/067—Metallic effect
    • B05D5/068—Metallic effect achieved by multilayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
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    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
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    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
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    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12007—Component of composite having metal continuous phase interengaged with nonmetal continuous phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
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    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
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    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
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    • Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31609—Particulate metal or metal compound-containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for Vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels or rims.
  • the method is preferably used for Coating of light alloy wheels to create a metallic sheen on them.
  • the method is equally applicable to vehicle parts, both inside and out be used outdoors.
  • this method can also be used for Commodities of various fields of application to a special optical effect or an improvement in the properties of use and To achieve corrosion protection. These are, for example, housings of devices as well Instruments.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle part produced by the method, preferably vehicle wheel.
  • the objects to be coated are arranged in a vacuum chamber opposite one or more targets, which consist of the material or a component of the layer to be deposited.
  • a gas discharge is ignited between the target and the objects in such a way that a plasma is formed and particles are dusted off the target.
  • Metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are used as target materials.
  • metal compounds can also be separated by reactive magnetron sputtering, by sputtering a metal and additionally introducing a reactive gas, such as O 2 , N 2 , into the vacuum chamber.
  • the layers can be produced in different colors by appropriate selection of materials, possibly in connection with a process gas.
  • WO93 / 19219 describes a method for coating a substrate with a gloss effect producing material has become known, in which first a base layer on the substrate is applied. This base layer should preferably be a powder coating layer. In the next step a metal is applied in a plasma process by means of evaporation. Eventually there will be a top layer generated by applying a powder coating. A mechanical Treatment even rough surfaces can be omitted.
  • the invention has for its object a method for gloss coating parts, preferably of vehicle parts, in particular vehicle wheels, to create a variety of different Metallic shades of color on the surface or areas thereof are to be produced.
  • vehicle wheels made of metal, especially light alloys, and preferably theirs visible surfaces.
  • the gloss coating should also be resistant to corrosion and withstand high mechanical loads, e.g. for vehicle wheels against abrasion and Falling rocks is the case.
  • the process and the parts coated thereafter should be inexpensive to manufacture or be coatable.
  • the gloss coating of parts is produced by the combination of several layers.
  • the surface of the parts, in particular their areas to be coated is mechanically smoothed beforehand.
  • a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer made of, for example, a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer or a sputter lacquer is applied in a known manner.
  • a high-gloss layer with a thickness of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, is deposited on the parts to be coated in a vacuum chamber by magnetron sputtering.
  • the high-gloss layer is produced by a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound.
  • the corresponding variant of magnetron sputtering is used.
  • Essential variants are the reactive atomization of targets from the coating material by admitting a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture, for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed.
  • a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed.
  • one or more targets can be used, wherein in the case of several targets these are preferably switched alternately as anode and cathode.
  • Reactive pulse magnetron sputtering which is known per se, is particularly advantageous for producing a high-gloss layer consisting of a multi-component compound, for example titanium-aluminum nitride, for which purpose simple targets of the metals titanium and aluminum are used in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere.
  • pulse magnetron sputtering enables stable, safe and reproducible process control, which is not possible with other coating methods due to the frequent occurrence of electrical arcing.
  • the layer composition and thus the color of the glossy layer can be set within wide limits and kept constant by means of purely electrical means, namely the setting of the pulses at the break times, for the targets of the two different metals.
  • a transparent, wear-resistant top coat layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner.
  • This topcoat layer based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin or of an organic-inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, consists of a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. It was found that only the combination of two known process steps of applying lacquer in succession with the dusting of a layer in a vacuum between the two process steps creates a layer system which meets the high demands on the optical impression and the corrosion protection.
  • the glossy coating is advantageously carried out on the surface of the parts, especially their areas to be coated, before applying the corrosion-inhibiting ones Apply a chromate layer.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method also consists in making the top layer of lacquer - the last of the layer system - to be applied to the high-gloss layer in a CVD process.
  • the magnetron sputtering process produces layers with optically decorative properties, that cannot be produced with conventional painting processes in terms of color and gloss.
  • colors that can be produced are shiny metallic, i.e. it won't go through metallization appropriate pigmentation imitated.
  • the color palette ranges from dark and light silver to gold, reddish brown to violet.
  • the titanium-aluminum-nitrogen system has proven to be particularly advantageous proved. With this system alone, a large number of colors can be produced. But there are also other systems, e.g. Zirconium aluminum nitrogen and titanium zirconium nitrogen, for the production of further Color shades can be used. Other colors can be achieved using copper or brass.
  • dusting the high-gloss layer by means of magnetron sputtering is simple and inexpensive. It will be a good all-round coating of the three-dimensional, intricately shaped parts achieved with other vacuum coating processes such as electron beam evaporation, Arc evaporation, evaporation from boats or ion plating cannot be achieved.
  • the relatively sensitive High gloss layer also against large loads and environmental influences, e.g. Attack by alkalis and acids.
  • the elasticity of the relatively thick lacquer base and top coat layer contributes significantly helps to mitigate high mechanical influences such as stone chips and abrasion.
  • the base coat Corrosion protection of the parts to be coated achieved. So that for the subsequent coating with the High gloss layer improves the adhesive strength of this layer.
  • By adding additives to the transparent top coat it is possible to additionally target the gloss of the gloss coating adjust so that several shades of gloss corresponding to aesthetic and fashion Requirements are met.
  • the adhesion of the high-gloss layer is improved if a layer is applied before this layer is applied Pretreatment by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or application an adhesion promoter layer is carried out.
  • Pretreatment by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or application an adhesion promoter layer is carried out.
  • the process of gloss coating can be used to coat parts made of steel, light metals - like For example, magnesium, titanium, aluminum and their alloys - and also plastics are used become.
  • the vehicle parts made from these materials are, for example, mirror housings, Fan grille, grille, doorknobs, control buttons, fittings and the like.
  • Everyone can Vehicle interior and exterior parts are provided with a gloss coating.
  • These parts can Castings, molded parts or composite plastic or sheet metal parts.
  • When coating Plastic parts are the special conditions when coating them, especially when Dusting the high-gloss layer, and the possibly upstream glow cleaning by adjusting the Process parameters to be considered.
  • a vehicle wheel from a light metal alloy Al, Mg, Ti a violet gloss coating should mainly in the area of Get the rim star.
  • the vehicle wheel is introduced into a vacuum chamber such that the outside of the vehicle wheel is located opposite two targets of the magnetron atomization sources arranged in the vacuum chamber.
  • a target is made of aluminum and a target made of titanium.
  • argon is introduced into the vacuum chamber and a glow discharge is ignited in this inert gas atmosphere.
  • the high-gloss layer is applied in a known manner by pulse magnetron sputtering.
  • the aluminum and titanium targets are operated alternately at a frequency of 10 kHz as the anode and cathode of the glow discharge.
  • the total power supplied to the targets is 15 kW.
  • a working pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 -3 mbar is established.
  • the vehicle wheel is rotated around its axis of symmetry during the coating.
  • a violet, 200 nm thick high-gloss layer is deposited on the vehicle wheel in a coating time of 3 minutes.
  • a top coat layer based on polyurethane with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m is applied in a known manner to the high-gloss layer.
  • the vehicle wheel - consists of magnesium
  • this process step can also apply to parts another material may be beneficial to contaminants on the surface remove that can otherwise adversely affect the quality of the coating.
  • the aforementioned method can also be expediently designed by after mechanical smoothing, a chromate layer as a first layer and then one Powder coating layer is applied.
  • the chromate layer is preferably applied chemically and in particular has Task to have a corrosion-inhibiting effect, with the base coat as an additional layer corrosion-inhibiting layer can have a reduced effect.
  • the Powder coating layer forms a plastic resistance to external influences, such as Rockfall in vehicle wheels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Procédé d'application d'un revêtement brillant sur des pièces, de préférence pour véhicules, en particulier sur des roues de véhicule, par application d'un système à couches, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    lissage mécanique de la surface,
    application d'une couche de fond de peinture anti-corrosion et lissante,
    pulvérisation d'une couche très brillante constituée d'un métal, d'un alliage métallique ou d'un composé métallique au moyen d'un magnétron, sous vide,
    application d'une couche de couverture transparente et résistante à l'usure constituée d'une peinture.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on applique une couche de chromate après lissage mécanique de la surface.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on applique la couche de couverture sur la couche très brillante par un procédé CVD.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'avant de pulvériser la couche très brillante on procède à un traitement préliminaire sous vide, de préférence par chauffage et/ou décapage dans un plasma de gaz inerte ou de gaz réactif.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce qu'avant de pulvériser la couche très brillante on procède à un traitement préliminaire sous vide par application d'une couche d'un agent de pontage.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendication 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la couche très brillante est pulvérisée par pulvérisation à courant continu ou pulvérisation puisée par magnétron dans une atmosphère de gaz inerte ou de gaz réactif.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on introduit comme gaz réactif un gaz ou un mélange de gaz, de préférence O2, N2 ou un hydrocarbure à faible poids moléculaire.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les pièces à recouvrir sont déplacées pendant la pulvérisation de la couche très brillante par rapport aux cibles du magnétron.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la brillance de la pièce à recouvrir est réglée par ajout de pigments à la couche de peinture de couverture transparente.
  10. Pièce recouverte, constituée de métal ou d'un alliage métallique, en particulier d'un métal léger, avec un système à couches appliqué sur celle-ci, caractérisée par la constitution suivante :
    surface lissée mécaniquement de la pièce,
    couche de peinture anti-corrosion et lissante,
    couche très brillante en métal, alliage métallique ou composé métallique,
    couche de couverture transparente résistant à l'usure constituée d'une peinture.
  11. Pièce recouverte selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce qu'on applique une couche d'agent de pontage sous la couche très brillante.
  12. Pièce recouverte selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisée en ce qu'on applique une couche au chromate sous la couche de peinture anti-corrosion.
  13. Pièce recouverte selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce qu'on applique une couche de peinture en poudre entre la couche de chromate et la couche de peinture anti-corrosion.
  14. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisée en ce que la couche de peinture anti-corrosion est une peinture à cuire en poudre optimalisée dans le temps d'une épaisseur de 100 µm à 500 µm, de préférence de 30 µm à 300 µm.
  15. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisée en ce que la couche très brillante a une épaisseur de 10 nm à 5 µm, de préférence de 100 nm à 500 nm.
  16. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisée en ce que la couche très brillante est un composé de titane, d'aluminium et d'azote.
  17. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisée en ce que la couche très brillante est un composé de zirconium, d'aluminium et d'azote.
  18. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisée en ce que la couche très brillante est un composé de titane, de zirconium et d'azote.
  19. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 18, caractérisée en ce que la couche de couverture est un composé organique-non organique, de préférence de l'Ormocer, d'une épaisseur de 0,5 µm à 20 µm, de préférence de 2 µm à 5 µm.
  20. Pièce recouverte selon l'une des revendications 10 à 18, caractérisée en ce que la couche de couverture est une couche organique à base d'acrylates ou de polyuréthanne ou de résine époxy d'une épaisseur de 1 µm à 100 µm, de préférence de 20 µm à 30 µm.
EP97110178A 1996-07-31 1997-06-21 Procédé pour faire un revêtement brillant sur des pièces par exemple de véhicules et notamment des roues, et pièces ainsi revêtues Expired - Lifetime EP0822010B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19630818 1996-07-31
DE19630818 1996-07-31
DE19702566 1997-01-24
DE19702566A DE19702566C2 (de) 1996-07-31 1997-01-24 Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere von Fahrzeugrädern, und danach beschichtetes Teil

Publications (2)

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EP0822010A1 EP0822010A1 (fr) 1998-02-04
EP0822010B1 true EP0822010B1 (fr) 2003-02-12

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Country Status (8)

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US (2) US6068890A (fr)
EP (1) EP0822010B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4584366B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1078266C (fr)
AU (1) AU3241697A (fr)
DE (1) DE19745407C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2192636T3 (fr)
NO (1) NO319159B1 (fr)

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ES2192636T3 (es) 2003-10-16
US6238786B1 (en) 2001-05-29
AU3241697A (en) 1998-02-05
EP0822010A1 (fr) 1998-02-04
NO973161D0 (no) 1997-07-08
DE19745407C2 (de) 2003-02-27
NO319159B1 (no) 2005-06-27
US6068890A (en) 2000-05-30
NO973161L (no) 1998-02-02
CN1191902A (zh) 1998-09-02
CN1078266C (zh) 2002-01-23
JP4584366B2 (ja) 2010-11-17
DE19745407A1 (de) 1998-11-26
JPH10102245A (ja) 1998-04-21

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