EP0822010B1 - Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process - Google Patents

Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0822010B1
EP0822010B1 EP97110178A EP97110178A EP0822010B1 EP 0822010 B1 EP0822010 B1 EP 0822010B1 EP 97110178 A EP97110178 A EP 97110178A EP 97110178 A EP97110178 A EP 97110178A EP 0822010 B1 EP0822010 B1 EP 0822010B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
gloss
lacquer
coated part
part according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97110178A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0822010A1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Käumle
Reinhold Separautzki
Klaus Goedicke
Fred Dr.Rer.Nat. Fietzke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Original Assignee
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702566A external-priority patent/DE19702566C2/en
Application filed by Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Publication of EP0822010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0822010A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0822010B1 publication Critical patent/EP0822010B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/067—Metallic effect
    • B05D5/068—Metallic effect achieved by multilayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12007—Component of composite having metal continuous phase interengaged with nonmetal continuous phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31529—Next to metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31609—Particulate metal or metal compound-containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for Vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels or rims.
  • the method is preferably used for Coating of light alloy wheels to create a metallic sheen on them.
  • the method is equally applicable to vehicle parts, both inside and out be used outdoors.
  • this method can also be used for Commodities of various fields of application to a special optical effect or an improvement in the properties of use and To achieve corrosion protection. These are, for example, housings of devices as well Instruments.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle part produced by the method, preferably vehicle wheel.
  • the objects to be coated are arranged in a vacuum chamber opposite one or more targets, which consist of the material or a component of the layer to be deposited.
  • a gas discharge is ignited between the target and the objects in such a way that a plasma is formed and particles are dusted off the target.
  • Metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are used as target materials.
  • metal compounds can also be separated by reactive magnetron sputtering, by sputtering a metal and additionally introducing a reactive gas, such as O 2 , N 2 , into the vacuum chamber.
  • the layers can be produced in different colors by appropriate selection of materials, possibly in connection with a process gas.
  • WO93 / 19219 describes a method for coating a substrate with a gloss effect producing material has become known, in which first a base layer on the substrate is applied. This base layer should preferably be a powder coating layer. In the next step a metal is applied in a plasma process by means of evaporation. Eventually there will be a top layer generated by applying a powder coating. A mechanical Treatment even rough surfaces can be omitted.
  • the invention has for its object a method for gloss coating parts, preferably of vehicle parts, in particular vehicle wheels, to create a variety of different Metallic shades of color on the surface or areas thereof are to be produced.
  • vehicle wheels made of metal, especially light alloys, and preferably theirs visible surfaces.
  • the gloss coating should also be resistant to corrosion and withstand high mechanical loads, e.g. for vehicle wheels against abrasion and Falling rocks is the case.
  • the process and the parts coated thereafter should be inexpensive to manufacture or be coatable.
  • the gloss coating of parts is produced by the combination of several layers.
  • the surface of the parts, in particular their areas to be coated is mechanically smoothed beforehand.
  • a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer made of, for example, a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer or a sputter lacquer is applied in a known manner.
  • a high-gloss layer with a thickness of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, is deposited on the parts to be coated in a vacuum chamber by magnetron sputtering.
  • the high-gloss layer is produced by a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound.
  • the corresponding variant of magnetron sputtering is used.
  • Essential variants are the reactive atomization of targets from the coating material by admitting a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture, for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed.
  • a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed.
  • one or more targets can be used, wherein in the case of several targets these are preferably switched alternately as anode and cathode.
  • Reactive pulse magnetron sputtering which is known per se, is particularly advantageous for producing a high-gloss layer consisting of a multi-component compound, for example titanium-aluminum nitride, for which purpose simple targets of the metals titanium and aluminum are used in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere.
  • pulse magnetron sputtering enables stable, safe and reproducible process control, which is not possible with other coating methods due to the frequent occurrence of electrical arcing.
  • the layer composition and thus the color of the glossy layer can be set within wide limits and kept constant by means of purely electrical means, namely the setting of the pulses at the break times, for the targets of the two different metals.
  • a transparent, wear-resistant top coat layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner.
  • This topcoat layer based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin or of an organic-inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, consists of a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. It was found that only the combination of two known process steps of applying lacquer in succession with the dusting of a layer in a vacuum between the two process steps creates a layer system which meets the high demands on the optical impression and the corrosion protection.
  • the glossy coating is advantageously carried out on the surface of the parts, especially their areas to be coated, before applying the corrosion-inhibiting ones Apply a chromate layer.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method also consists in making the top layer of lacquer - the last of the layer system - to be applied to the high-gloss layer in a CVD process.
  • the magnetron sputtering process produces layers with optically decorative properties, that cannot be produced with conventional painting processes in terms of color and gloss.
  • colors that can be produced are shiny metallic, i.e. it won't go through metallization appropriate pigmentation imitated.
  • the color palette ranges from dark and light silver to gold, reddish brown to violet.
  • the titanium-aluminum-nitrogen system has proven to be particularly advantageous proved. With this system alone, a large number of colors can be produced. But there are also other systems, e.g. Zirconium aluminum nitrogen and titanium zirconium nitrogen, for the production of further Color shades can be used. Other colors can be achieved using copper or brass.
  • dusting the high-gloss layer by means of magnetron sputtering is simple and inexpensive. It will be a good all-round coating of the three-dimensional, intricately shaped parts achieved with other vacuum coating processes such as electron beam evaporation, Arc evaporation, evaporation from boats or ion plating cannot be achieved.
  • the relatively sensitive High gloss layer also against large loads and environmental influences, e.g. Attack by alkalis and acids.
  • the elasticity of the relatively thick lacquer base and top coat layer contributes significantly helps to mitigate high mechanical influences such as stone chips and abrasion.
  • the base coat Corrosion protection of the parts to be coated achieved. So that for the subsequent coating with the High gloss layer improves the adhesive strength of this layer.
  • By adding additives to the transparent top coat it is possible to additionally target the gloss of the gloss coating adjust so that several shades of gloss corresponding to aesthetic and fashion Requirements are met.
  • the adhesion of the high-gloss layer is improved if a layer is applied before this layer is applied Pretreatment by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or application an adhesion promoter layer is carried out.
  • Pretreatment by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or application an adhesion promoter layer is carried out.
  • the process of gloss coating can be used to coat parts made of steel, light metals - like For example, magnesium, titanium, aluminum and their alloys - and also plastics are used become.
  • the vehicle parts made from these materials are, for example, mirror housings, Fan grille, grille, doorknobs, control buttons, fittings and the like.
  • Everyone can Vehicle interior and exterior parts are provided with a gloss coating.
  • These parts can Castings, molded parts or composite plastic or sheet metal parts.
  • When coating Plastic parts are the special conditions when coating them, especially when Dusting the high-gloss layer, and the possibly upstream glow cleaning by adjusting the Process parameters to be considered.
  • a vehicle wheel from a light metal alloy Al, Mg, Ti a violet gloss coating should mainly in the area of Get the rim star.
  • the vehicle wheel is introduced into a vacuum chamber such that the outside of the vehicle wheel is located opposite two targets of the magnetron atomization sources arranged in the vacuum chamber.
  • a target is made of aluminum and a target made of titanium.
  • argon is introduced into the vacuum chamber and a glow discharge is ignited in this inert gas atmosphere.
  • the high-gloss layer is applied in a known manner by pulse magnetron sputtering.
  • the aluminum and titanium targets are operated alternately at a frequency of 10 kHz as the anode and cathode of the glow discharge.
  • the total power supplied to the targets is 15 kW.
  • a working pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 -3 mbar is established.
  • the vehicle wheel is rotated around its axis of symmetry during the coating.
  • a violet, 200 nm thick high-gloss layer is deposited on the vehicle wheel in a coating time of 3 minutes.
  • a top coat layer based on polyurethane with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m is applied in a known manner to the high-gloss layer.
  • the vehicle wheel - consists of magnesium
  • this process step can also apply to parts another material may be beneficial to contaminants on the surface remove that can otherwise adversely affect the quality of the coating.
  • the aforementioned method can also be expediently designed by after mechanical smoothing, a chromate layer as a first layer and then one Powder coating layer is applied.
  • the chromate layer is preferably applied chemically and in particular has Task to have a corrosion-inhibiting effect, with the base coat as an additional layer corrosion-inhibiting layer can have a reduced effect.
  • the Powder coating layer forms a plastic resistance to external influences, such as Rockfall in vehicle wheels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Fahrzeugrädern bzw. Felgen. Das Verfahren dient vorzugsweise zur Beschichtung von Leichtmetallrädern, um auf diesen einen metallischen Glanz zu erzeugen. Das Verfahren ist gleichermaßen anwendbar für Fahrzeugteile, die sowohl im Innern als auch außen eingesetzt werden. Desweiteren ist dieses Verfahren auch anwendbar für Gebrauchsgegenstände verschiedenster Anwendungsgebiete, um einen besonderen optischen Effekt oder eine Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften sowie des Korrosionsschutzes zu erzielen. Das sind beispielsweise Gehäuse von Geräten sowie Instrumente. Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Fahrzeugteil, vorzugsweise Fahrzeugrad.The invention relates to a method for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for Vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels or rims. The method is preferably used for Coating of light alloy wheels to create a metallic sheen on them. The method is equally applicable to vehicle parts, both inside and out be used outdoors. Furthermore, this method can also be used for Commodities of various fields of application to a special optical effect or an improvement in the properties of use and To achieve corrosion protection. These are, for example, housings of devices as well Instruments. The invention also relates to a vehicle part produced by the method, preferably vehicle wheel.

Es ist bekannt, derartige Gegenstände - insbesondere Fahrzeugräder - zum Schutz gegen Korrosion mit einem Schichtsystem aus Lack zu versehen (G 81 03 758 U1). Auf einer katodisch abgeschiedenen Elektrotauchlack-Grundierungsschicht wird eine pigmentierte Decklackschicht aufgebracht, die mittels Elektronenstrahlen gehärtet wird. Auf diese Schicht wird eine weitere Decklackschicht aus einem Klarlack aufgebracht, die ebenfalls mittels Elektronenstrahlen gehärtet wird. Der Nachteil besteht darin, daß nur bedingt metallisch glänzende Farben erzeugt werden können.It is known to protect such objects - in particular vehicle wheels - against Corrosion to be provided with a layer system of paint (G 81 03 758 U1). On a A cathodic electrodeposition primer layer becomes a pigmented one Topcoat layer applied, which is hardened by means of electron beams. On this layer Another top coat layer is applied from a clear coat, which is also by means of Electron beams is hardened. The disadvantage is that it is only partially metallic shiny colors can be generated.

Es ist bekannt, farbige Schichten auf Leichtmetallrädern zu erzeugen (EP 0 525 867 A1). Dazu wird ein Zweischichtsystem aufgebracht, wobei beide Schichten Lackschichten sind. Die erste Schicht besteht aus einem die Grundfarbe enthaltenden Lack, und die zweite Schicht besteht aus einem Glimmerpigmente enthaltenen transparenten Lack. Der Nachteil besteht darin, daß damit kein echter metallischer Glanz erzielt, sondern durch die Pigmentierung nur nachgebildet wird.It is known to produce colored layers on light metal wheels (EP 0 525 867 A1). For this purpose, a two-layer system is applied, with both layers being lacquer layers. The the first layer consists of a lacquer containing the base color, and the second layer consists of a transparent varnish containing mica pigments. The disadvantage is in that it does not achieve a real metallic shine, but only through the pigmentation is reproduced.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, Schichten mit verschiedenen Farb- und Glanzeffekten auf Gegenständen durch Vakuumbeschichtung, insbesondere Magnetron-Zerstäubung, abzuscheiden. It is well known to have layers with different color and gloss effects Objects by vacuum coating, in particular magnetron sputtering, deposit.

In einer Vakuumkammer werden die zu beschichtenden Gegenstände gegenüber einem oder mehreren Targets, die aus dem Material oder einer Komponente der abzuscheidenden Schicht bestehen, angeordnet. Zwischen dem Target und den Gegenständen wird eine Gasentladung so gezündet, daß sich ein Plasma ausbildet und Teilchen vom Target abgestäubt werden. Als Targetmaterialien werden Metalle, Metalllegierungen oder Metallverbindungen eingesetzt. Metallverbindungen lassen sich jedoch auch durch reaktive MagnetronZerstäubung abscheiden, indem ein Metall zerstäubt wird und ein Reaktivgas, wie z.B. O2, N2, zusätzlich in die Vakuumkammer eingelassen wird. Durch eine entsprechende Materialauswahl, eventuell in Verbindung mit einem Prozeßgas, sind die Schichten in verschiedenen Farben herstellbar. Um derart aufgestäubte Schichten bei geringen Beanspruchungen gegen Korrosion und Zerstörung durch mechanischen Verschleiß zu schützen, werden nach PVD- und CVD- Verfahren harte und verschleißfeste Schichten als Überzug auf die metallisch glänzenden Schichten abgeschieden. Der Nachteil derart geschützter metallisch glänzender Schichten besteht darin, daß für hohe mechanische und korrosive Beanspruchungen, denen beispielsweise Fahrzeugräder ausgesetzt sind, dieser Schutz unzureichend ist. Die Herstellung der Schutzschichten ist außerdem zu teuer.The objects to be coated are arranged in a vacuum chamber opposite one or more targets, which consist of the material or a component of the layer to be deposited. A gas discharge is ignited between the target and the objects in such a way that a plasma is formed and particles are dusted off the target. Metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are used as target materials. However, metal compounds can also be separated by reactive magnetron sputtering, by sputtering a metal and additionally introducing a reactive gas, such as O 2 , N 2 , into the vacuum chamber. The layers can be produced in different colors by appropriate selection of materials, possibly in connection with a process gas. In order to protect such sputtered layers against corrosion and destruction due to mechanical wear and tear, hard and wear-resistant layers are deposited onto the shiny metallic layers using PVD and CVD processes. The disadvantage of such protected metallic shiny layers is that this protection is inadequate for high mechanical and corrosive stresses to which vehicle wheels are exposed, for example. The production of the protective layers is also too expensive.

Aus der WO93/19219 ist ein Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Substrats mit einem eine Glanzwirkung hervorrufenden Material bekannt geworden, bei dem zunächst eine Grundschicht auf das Substrat aufgebracht wird. Diese Grundschicht soll vorzugsweise eine Pulverlackschicht sein. Im nächsten Schritt wird ein Metall in einem Plasmaprozeß mittels Verdampfen aufgebracht. Schließlich wird eine Deckschicht durch Aufbringen einer Pulverlackschicht erzeugt. Durch die Grundschicht soll eine mechanische Behandlung auch rauher Oberflächen entfallen können.WO93 / 19219 describes a method for coating a substrate with a gloss effect producing material has become known, in which first a base layer on the substrate is applied. This base layer should preferably be a powder coating layer. In the next step a metal is applied in a plasma process by means of evaporation. Eventually there will be a top layer generated by applying a powder coating. A mechanical Treatment even rough surfaces can be omitted.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise von Fahrzeugteilen, insbesondere Fahrzeugrädern, zu schaffen, mit dem eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Metallglanzfarbtöne auf deren Oberfläche oder Bereichen derselben erzeugt werden soll. Vorzugsweise sollen Fahrzeugräder aus Metall, insbesondere aus Leichtmetaillegierungen, und dabei bevorzugt deren sichtbare Flächen, beschichtet werden. Die Glanzbeschichtung soll auch beständig gegen Korrosion sein und hohe mechanische Belastungen aushalten, wie es z.B. bei Fahrzeugrädern gegen Abrieb und Steinschlag der Fall ist. Das Verfahren und die danach beschichteten Teile sollen kostengünstig herstellbar bzw. beschichtbar sein.The invention has for its object a method for gloss coating parts, preferably of vehicle parts, in particular vehicle wheels, to create a variety of different Metallic shades of color on the surface or areas thereof are to be produced. Preferably should vehicle wheels made of metal, especially light alloys, and preferably theirs visible surfaces. The gloss coating should also be resistant to corrosion and withstand high mechanical loads, e.g. for vehicle wheels against abrasion and Falling rocks is the case. The process and the parts coated thereafter should be inexpensive to manufacture or be coatable.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe verfahrensgemäß mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und erzeugnisgemäß mit den den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 10 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen 4 bis 9 bzw. 11 bis 20 beschrieben. According to the invention, the object is achieved according to the method with the features of patent claims 1 and solved according to the product with the features of claim 10. More beneficial Refinements are described in subclaims 4 to 9 and 11 to 20, respectively.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, insbesondere von Fahrzeugrädem, bevorzugt deren sichtbarer Bereich, durch die Kombination mehrerer Schichten erzeugt. Vorab wird die Oberfläche > der Teile, insbesondere deren zu beschichtende Bereiche, mechanisch geglättet. Danach wird in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt eine korrosionshemmende, glättende Lackgrundschicht aus z.B. einem verlaufsoptimierten Pulver-Einbrennlack oder einem Sputter-Lack in bekannter Weise aufgebracht. Anschließend wird in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt auf die zu beschichteten Teile in einer Vakuumkammer durch Magnetron-Zerstäubung eine Hochglanzschicht mit einer Dicke von 10 nm bis 5 µm, vorzugsweise 100 nm bis 500 nm abgeschieden. Je nach herzustellendem Farbton wird die Hochglanzschicht durch ein Metall, eine Metalllegierung oder eine Metallverbindung erzeugt. In Abhängigkeit vom zu erreichenden Farbton der Hochglanzschicht und dem verwendeten Beschichtungsmaterial, d.h. dem Targetmaterial, wird die entsprechende Variante der Magnetron-Zerstäubung eingesetzt. Wesentliche Varianten sind das reaktive Zerstäuben von Targets aus dem Beschichtungsmaterial durch Einlassen eines Reaktivgases oder Reaktivgasgemisches, z.B. O2, N2, niedermolekulare Kohlenwasserstoffe, oder das nichtreaktive Zerstäuben, Gleichstrom-Zerstäuben oder das Puls-Magnetron-Zerstäuben, bei dem die elektrische Energie pulsförmig zugeführt wird. Weiterhin können ein oder mehrere Targets verwendet werden, wobei bei mehreren Targets diese vorzugsweise alternierend als Anode und Katode geschaltet werden.According to the invention, the gloss coating of parts, in particular of vehicle wheels, preferably their visible area, is produced by the combination of several layers. The surface of the parts, in particular their areas to be coated, is mechanically smoothed beforehand. Then, in a first process step, a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer made of, for example, a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer or a sputter lacquer is applied in a known manner. Then, in a second process step, a high-gloss layer with a thickness of 10 nm to 5 μm, preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, is deposited on the parts to be coated in a vacuum chamber by magnetron sputtering. Depending on the color to be produced, the high-gloss layer is produced by a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound. Depending on the color tone of the high-gloss layer to be achieved and the coating material used, ie the target material, the corresponding variant of magnetron sputtering is used. Essential variants are the reactive atomization of targets from the coating material by admitting a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture, for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed. Furthermore, one or more targets can be used, wherein in the case of several targets these are preferably switched alternately as anode and cathode.

Besonders vorteilhaft für die Herstellung einer aus einer mehrkomponentigen Verbindung, z.B. Titan-Aluminium-Nitrid, bestehenden Hochglanzschicht ist dabei das an sich bekannte reaktive Puls-Magnetron-Sputtern, wozu einfache Targets der Metalle Titan und Aluminium in einer reaktiven Stickstoff-Atmosphäre eingesetzt werden. Das Puls-Magnetron-Sputtern erlaubt einerseits eine stabile, sichere und reproduzierbare Prozeßführung, die mit anderen Beschichtungsverfahren wegen häufig auftretender elektrischer Überschläge (des sogenannten Arcing) nicht möglich ist. Andererseits läßt sich durch rein elektrische Mittel, nämlich die Einstellung der Pulse zu den Pausenzeiten, für die Targets der beiden unterschiedlichen Metalle die Schichtzusammensetzung und damit die Farbe der Glanzschicht in weiten Grenzen einstellen und konstant halten.
In einem abschließenden Verfahrensschritt wird auf die Hochglanzschicht eine transparente, verschleißfeste Decklackschicht in bekannter Weise aufgebracht. Diese Decklackschicht, auf einer Basis von Acrylaten oder Polyurethan oder Epoxydharz oder aus einer organischanorganischen Verbindung, vorzugsweise Ormocer, bestehend, besitzt eine Dicke von 0,5 µm bis 100 µm.
Es wurde gefunden, daß nur durch die Kombination von zwei bekannten Verfahrensschritten des Auftragens von Lack in Folge mit dem Aufstäuben einer Schicht im Vakuum zwischen den beiden Verfahrensschritten ein Schichtsystem entsteht, welches den hohen Anforderungen an den optischen Eindruck und den Korrosionsschutz gerecht wird. Reactive pulse magnetron sputtering, which is known per se, is particularly advantageous for producing a high-gloss layer consisting of a multi-component compound, for example titanium-aluminum nitride, for which purpose simple targets of the metals titanium and aluminum are used in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. On the one hand, pulse magnetron sputtering enables stable, safe and reproducible process control, which is not possible with other coating methods due to the frequent occurrence of electrical arcing. On the other hand, the layer composition and thus the color of the glossy layer can be set within wide limits and kept constant by means of purely electrical means, namely the setting of the pulses at the break times, for the targets of the two different metals.
In a final process step, a transparent, wear-resistant top coat layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner. This topcoat layer, based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin or of an organic-inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, consists of a thickness of 0.5 µm to 100 µm.
It was found that only the combination of two known process steps of applying lacquer in succession with the dusting of a layer in a vacuum between the two process steps creates a layer system which meets the high demands on the optical impression and the corrosion protection.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Glanzbeschichtung erfolgt derart, auf die Oberfläche der Teile, insbesondere deren zu beschichtende Bereiche, vor dem Aufbringen der korrosionshemmenden Lackgrundschicht eine Chromatschicht aufzubringen.The glossy coating is advantageously carried out on the surface of the parts, especially their areas to be coated, before applying the corrosion-inhibiting ones Apply a chromate layer.

Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach der Chromatschicht und vor der korrosionshemmenden Lackgrundschicht eine Pulverlackschicht auf die Chromatschicht aufzubringen.Furthermore, it is advantageous in a further embodiment of the method after the chromate layer and in front of the corrosion-inhibiting lacquer base layer, a powder lacquer layer on the chromate layer applied.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens besteht auch darin, die Deckschicht aus Lack - als die letzte des Schichtsystems - auf der Hochglanzschicht in einem CVD-Prozeß aufzubringen.An advantageous embodiment of the method also consists in making the top layer of lacquer - the last of the layer system - to be applied to the high-gloss layer in a CVD process.

So werden durch die Magnetron-Zerstäubung Schichten mit optisch dekorativen Eigenschaften hergestellt, die mit herkömmlichen Lackierungsverfahren in Bezug auf Farbe und Glanz nicht herstellbar sind. Die in großer Auswahl herstellbaren Farbtöne sind metallisch glänzend, d.h. es wird keine Metallisierung durch entsprechende Pigmentierung imitiert. Die Farbpalette reicht von dunklem und hellem Silber, über Gold, rötlich Braun bis hin zu Violett. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich das System Titan-Aluminium-Stickstoff erwiesen. Allein mit diesem System läßt sich eine große Anzahl der Farbtöne herstellen. Es sind aber auch andere Systeme, z.B. Zirkonium-Aluminium-Stickstoff und Titan-Zirkonium-Stickstoff, zur Herstellung weiterer Farbtöne einsetzbar. Weitere Farbtöne sind durch Kupfer oder Messing erreichbar.The magnetron sputtering process produces layers with optically decorative properties, that cannot be produced with conventional painting processes in terms of color and gloss. In the A wide range of colors that can be produced are shiny metallic, i.e. it won't go through metallization appropriate pigmentation imitated. The color palette ranges from dark and light silver to gold, reddish brown to violet. The titanium-aluminum-nitrogen system has proven to be particularly advantageous proved. With this system alone, a large number of colors can be produced. But there are also other systems, e.g. Zirconium aluminum nitrogen and titanium zirconium nitrogen, for the production of further Color shades can be used. Other colors can be achieved using copper or brass.

Darüber hinaus ist das Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht mittels Magnetron-Zerstäubung einfach und kostengünstig. Es wird eine gute allseitige Beschichtung der dreidimensionalen, kompliziert geformten Teile erreicht, welche mit anderen Vakuumbeschichtungsverfahren, wie Elektronenstrahlverdampfen, Bogenverdampfen, Verdampfen aus Schiffchen oder lonenplattieren, nicht erreichbar ist.In addition, dusting the high-gloss layer by means of magnetron sputtering is simple and inexpensive. It will be a good all-round coating of the three-dimensional, intricately shaped parts achieved with other vacuum coating processes such as electron beam evaporation, Arc evaporation, evaporation from boats or ion plating cannot be achieved.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die relativ empfindliche Hochglanzschicht auch gegenüber großen Belastungen und Umwelteinflüssen, z.B. Angriff durch Laugen und Säuren, geschützt wird. Die Elastizität der relativ dicken Lackgrund- und Decklackschicht trägt wesentlich dazu bei, hohe mechanische Einwirkungen, wie Steinschlag und Abrieb abzumildern. Außerdem wird mit der Lackgrundschicht ein Korrosionsschutz der zu beschichteten Teile erreicht. Damit wird für die nachfolgende Beschichtung mit der Hochglanzschicht die Haftfestigkeit dieser Schicht verbessert. Durch die Beigabe von Zusatzstoffen zur transparenten Decklackschicht ist es möglich, zusätzlich den Glanz der Glanzbeschichtung gezielt einzustellen, so daß mehrere Abstufungen des Glanzes entsprechend ästhetischen und modischen Anforderungen erreicht werden.Another advantage is that with the method according to the invention the relatively sensitive High gloss layer also against large loads and environmental influences, e.g. Attack by alkalis and acids. The elasticity of the relatively thick lacquer base and top coat layer contributes significantly helps to mitigate high mechanical influences such as stone chips and abrasion. Moreover is applied with the base coat Corrosion protection of the parts to be coated achieved. So that for the subsequent coating with the High gloss layer improves the adhesive strength of this layer. By adding additives to the transparent top coat it is possible to additionally target the gloss of the gloss coating adjust so that several shades of gloss corresponding to aesthetic and fashion Requirements are met.

Außerdem wird die Haftung der Hochglanzschicht verbessert, wenn vor dem Aufbringen dieser Schicht eine Vorbehandlung durch Heizen und/oder Ätzen in einem Inert- oder Reaktivgasplasma oder das Aufbringen einer Haftvermittlerschicht durchgeführt wird. Bei Leichtmetallrädern ist es vorteilhaft, statt der gesamten Oberfläche nur die sichtbaren Flächen zu beschichten. Damit werden die Beschichtungskosten reduziert.In addition, the adhesion of the high-gloss layer is improved if a layer is applied before this layer is applied Pretreatment by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or application an adhesion promoter layer is carried out. With light alloy wheels, it is advantageous instead of the entire one Only coat the visible surfaces. This reduces the coating costs.

Das Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung kann zum Beschichten von Teilen aus Stahl, Leichtmetallen - wie beispielsweise Magnesium, Titan, Aluminium sowie deren Legierungen -und auch Kunststoffen angewendet werden. Die aus diesen Materialien hergestellten Fahrzeugteile sind beispielsweise Spiegelgehäuse, Lüftergitter, Kühlergrille, Türklinken, Bedienknöpfe, Armaturenteile und dergleichen. Es können alle Fahrzeuginterieur- und -exterieurteile mit einer Glanzbeschichtung versehen werden. Diese Teile können Gußteile, Spritzteile oder zusammengesetzte Kunststoff- bzw. Blechteile sein. Bei der Beschichtung von Teilen aus Kunststoff sind die besonderen Bedingungen bei deren Beschichtung, besonders beim Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht, und der evtl. vorgelagerten Glimmreinigung durch Anpassung der Prozeßparameter zu berücksichtigen.The process of gloss coating can be used to coat parts made of steel, light metals - like For example, magnesium, titanium, aluminum and their alloys - and also plastics are used become. The vehicle parts made from these materials are, for example, mirror housings, Fan grille, grille, doorknobs, control buttons, fittings and the like. Everyone can Vehicle interior and exterior parts are provided with a gloss coating. These parts can Castings, molded parts or composite plastic or sheet metal parts. When coating Plastic parts are the special conditions when coating them, especially when Dusting the high-gloss layer, and the possibly upstream glow cleaning by adjusting the Process parameters to be considered.

An einem Ausführungsbeispiel in mehreren Varianten wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Ein Fahrzeugrad aus einer Leichtmetaillegierung Al, Mg, Ti soll eine violette Glanzbeschichtung hauptsächlich im Bereich des Felgensternes erhalten. Dazu wird das Fahrzeugrad - nachdem es mechanisch geglättet ist - in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt in bekannter Weise mit einem verlaufsoptimierten Pulver-Einbrennlack beschichtet. The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment in several variants. A vehicle wheel from a light metal alloy Al, Mg, Ti a violet gloss coating should mainly in the area of Get the rim star. For this purpose, the vehicle wheel - after it has been mechanically smoothed - in a first Process step coated in a known manner with a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer.

Anschließend wird in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt das Fahrzeugrad derart in eine Vakuumkammer eingebracht, daß sich die Außenseite des Fahrzeugrades gegenüber zwei in der Vakuumkammer angeordneten Targets der Magnetron-Zerstäubungsquellen befindet. Ein Target ist aus Aluminium und ein Target aus Titan. Nachdem die Vakuumkammer evakuiert wurde, wird Argon in die Vakuumkammer eingelassen und in dieser Inertgasatmosphäre eine Glimmentladung gezündet. Das Aufbringen der Hochglanzschicht erfolgt in bekannter Weise durch Puls-Magnetron-Zerstäuben. Dabei werden das Aluminiumund das Titantarget alternierend mit einer Frequenz von 10 kHz als Anode und Katode der Glimmentladung betrieben. Die gesamte den Targets zugeführte Leistung beträgt 15 kW. Zusätzlich werden 80 sccm Stickstoff als Reaktivgas in die Vakuumkammer eingelassen, so daß sich ein Arbeitsdruck von 2·10-3 mbar einstellt. Um eine gleichmäßige Beschichtung zu erhalten, wird das Fahrzeugrad während der Beschichtung um seine Symmetrieachse gedreht. In einer Beschichtungszeit von 3 Minuten wird eine violette, 200 nm dicke Hochglanzschicht auf dem Fahrzeugrad abgeschieden. In einem dritten Verfahrensschritt wird abschließend auf die Hochglanzschicht eine Decklackschicht auf der Basis von Polyurethan mit einer Dicke von 30 µm in bekannter Weise aufgebracht.Then, in a second method step, the vehicle wheel is introduced into a vacuum chamber such that the outside of the vehicle wheel is located opposite two targets of the magnetron atomization sources arranged in the vacuum chamber. A target is made of aluminum and a target made of titanium. After the vacuum chamber has been evacuated, argon is introduced into the vacuum chamber and a glow discharge is ignited in this inert gas atmosphere. The high-gloss layer is applied in a known manner by pulse magnetron sputtering. The aluminum and titanium targets are operated alternately at a frequency of 10 kHz as the anode and cathode of the glow discharge. The total power supplied to the targets is 15 kW. In addition, 80 sccm nitrogen is admitted as reactive gas into the vacuum chamber, so that a working pressure of 2 · 10 -3 mbar is established. In order to obtain a uniform coating, the vehicle wheel is rotated around its axis of symmetry during the coating. A violet, 200 nm thick high-gloss layer is deposited on the vehicle wheel in a coating time of 3 minutes. In a third process step, a top coat layer based on polyurethane with a thickness of 30 μm is applied in a known manner to the high-gloss layer.

Besteht das Teil - im vorliegenden Beispiel das Fahrzeugrad - aus Magnesium, ist es vorteilhaft, das dem Aufbringen des Schichtsystems vorgeschaltete mechanische Glätten als sogenannte Glättschleifen auszuüben. Dieser Verfahrensschritt kann aber auch bei Teilen aus einem anderen Material vorteilhaft sein, um Verunreinigungen auf der Oberfläche zu entfernen, die sonst die Qualität der Beschichtung ungünstig beeinflussen können.If the part - in this example the vehicle wheel - consists of magnesium, it is advantageous as the mechanical smoothing upstream of the application of the layer system so-called smooth grinding. However, this process step can also apply to parts another material may be beneficial to contaminants on the surface remove that can otherwise adversely affect the quality of the coating.

Es kann das vorgenannte Verfahren auch dadurch zweckmäßig ausgestaltet werden, indem nach dem mechanischen Glätten eine Chromatschicht als eine erste Schicht und darauf eine Pulverlackschicht aufgebracht wird.The aforementioned method can also be expediently designed by after mechanical smoothing, a chromate layer as a first layer and then one Powder coating layer is applied.

Die Chromatschicht wird vorzugsweise chemisch aufgebracht und hat insbesondere die Aufgabe, korrosionshemmend zu wirken, wobei die Lackgrundschicht als zusätzliche korrosionshemmende Schicht eine verminderte Wirkung aufweisen kann. Die Pulverlackschicht bildet einen plastischen Widerstand gegen äußere Einflüsse, wie Steinschlag bei Fahrzeugrädern.The chromate layer is preferably applied chemically and in particular has Task to have a corrosion-inhibiting effect, with the base coat as an additional layer corrosion-inhibiting layer can have a reduced effect. The Powder coating layer forms a plastic resistance to external influences, such as Rockfall in vehicle wheels.

Claims (20)

  1. A method of producing glossy coatings on parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular on vehicle wheels, by the application of a coating system, characterized by the following method steps:
    mechanical smoothing of the surface,
    application of a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing base layer of lacquer,
    dusting-on a high-gloss layer of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound by means of a magnetron under a vacuum,
    application of a transparent, wear-resistant covering layer consisting of a lacquer.
  2. A method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a layer of chromate is applied after the mechanical smoothing of the surface.
  3. A method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the covering layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a chemical vapour-deposition process.
  4. A method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that before dusting on the high-gloss layer a pre-treatment is carried out under a vacuum, preferably by heating and/or etching in an inert-gas or reactive-gas plasma.
  5. A method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that before dusting on the high-gloss layer a pre-treatment is carried out under a vacuum by the application of a layer of a bonding agent.
  6. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is dusted on in an inert-gas or reactive-gas atmosphere by direct-current atomization or pulse-magnetron atomization.
  7. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a gas or gas mixture, preferably O2, N2 or a low-molecular hydrocarbon, is introduced as the reactive gas.
  8. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the parts to be coated are moved relative to the target of the magnetron during the dusting-on of the high-gloss layer.
  9. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gloss of the part to be coated is set by the addition of pigments to the transparent covering layer of lacquer.
  10. A coated part, consisting of metal or a metal alloy, in particular of light metal, with a coating system applied thereto, characterized by the following structure:
    a mechanically smoothed surface of the part,
    a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing layer of lacquer,
    a high-gloss layer of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound,
    a transparent, wear-resistant covering layer consisting of a lacquer.
  11. A coated part according to Claim 10, characterized in that a layer of a bonding agent is applied below the high-gloss layer.
  12. A coated part according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a layer of chromate is applied below the corrosion-inhibiting layer of lacquer.
  13. A coated part according to Claim 12, characterized in that a layer of powdered lacquer is applied between the layer of chromate and the corrosion-inhibiting layer of lacquer.
  14. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the corrosion-inhibiting layer of lacquer is a powdered stove enamel with an optimized characteristic and with a thickness of from 100 µm to 500 µm, preferably from 30 µm to 300 µm.
  15. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is from 10 nm to 5 µm, preferably from 100 nm to 500 nm, in thickness.
  16. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is a compound of titanium / aluminium / nitrogen.
  17. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is a compound of zirconium / aluminium / nitrogen.
  18. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is a compound of titanium / zirconium / nitrogen.
  19. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the covering layer is an organic / inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, with a thickness of from 0·5 µm to 20 µm, preferably from 2 µm to 5 µm.
  20. A coated part according to one of Claims 10 to 18, characterized in that the covering layer is an organic layer based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin with a thickness of from 1 µm to 100 µm, preferably from 20 µm to 30 µm.
EP97110178A 1996-07-31 1997-06-21 Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process Expired - Lifetime EP0822010B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19630818 1996-07-31
DE19630818 1996-07-31
DE19702566A DE19702566C2 (en) 1996-07-31 1997-01-24 Process for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels, and part coated thereafter
DE19702566 1997-01-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0822010A1 EP0822010A1 (en) 1998-02-04
EP0822010B1 true EP0822010B1 (en) 2003-02-12

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EP97110178A Expired - Lifetime EP0822010B1 (en) 1996-07-31 1997-06-21 Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process

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US (2) US6068890A (en)
EP (1) EP0822010B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4584366B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1078266C (en)
AU (1) AU3241697A (en)
DE (1) DE19745407C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2192636T3 (en)
NO (1) NO319159B1 (en)

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Also Published As

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EP0822010A1 (en) 1998-02-04
NO319159B1 (en) 2005-06-27
JPH10102245A (en) 1998-04-21
CN1191902A (en) 1998-09-02
US6238786B1 (en) 2001-05-29
CN1078266C (en) 2002-01-23
DE19745407A1 (en) 1998-11-26
AU3241697A (en) 1998-02-05
NO973161L (en) 1998-02-02
NO973161D0 (en) 1997-07-08
JP4584366B2 (en) 2010-11-17
US6068890A (en) 2000-05-30
ES2192636T3 (en) 2003-10-16
DE19745407C2 (en) 2003-02-27

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