EP0822010A1 - Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process - Google Patents

Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0822010A1
EP0822010A1 EP19970110178 EP97110178A EP0822010A1 EP 0822010 A1 EP0822010 A1 EP 0822010A1 EP 19970110178 EP19970110178 EP 19970110178 EP 97110178 A EP97110178 A EP 97110178A EP 0822010 A1 EP0822010 A1 EP 0822010A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
gloss
metal
applying
coated part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19970110178
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0822010B1 (en
Inventor
Fritz Käumle
Reinhold Separautzki
Klaus Goedicke
Fred Dr.Rer.Nat. Fietzke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702566A external-priority patent/DE19702566C2/en
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV, Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0822010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0822010A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0822010B1 publication Critical patent/EP0822010B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/067—Metallic effect
    • B05D5/068—Metallic effect achieved by multilayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/936—Chemical deposition, e.g. electroless plating
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    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12007—Component of composite having metal continuous phase interengaged with nonmetal continuous phase
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
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    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components
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    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
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    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
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    • Y10T428/31529—Next to metal
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    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for gloss coating parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels or figs.
  • the method is preferably used to coat light-alloy wheels in order to produce a metallic sheen on them.
  • the method is equally applicable to vehicle parts that are used both inside and outside.
  • this method can also be used for articles of daily use in a wide variety of fields of application, in order to achieve a special optical effect or an improvement in the properties of use and in corrosion protection. These are, for example, housings for devices and instruments.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle part produced by the method, preferably a vehicle wheel.
  • the objects to be coated are arranged in a vacuum chamber opposite one or more targets, which consist of the material or a component of the layer to be deposited.
  • a gas discharge is ignited between the target and the objects in such a way that a plasma is formed and particles are dusted off the target.
  • Metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are used as target materials.
  • metal compounds can also be separated by reactive magnetron sputtering, by sputtering a metal and additionally introducing a reactive gas, such as O 2 , N 2 , into the vacuum chamber.
  • the layers can be produced in different colors by appropriate selection of materials, possibly in conjunction with a process gas.
  • the invention has for its object a method for the gloss coating of parts, preferably of vehicle parts, in particular vehicle wheels, to create one Many different metallic gloss colors on their surface or areas the same should be generated.
  • Vehicle wheels are preferably made of metal, in particular made of light metal alloys, and preferably their visible surfaces, coated will.
  • the gloss coating should also be resistant to corrosion and high withstand mechanical loads, e.g. for vehicle wheels against abrasion and Falling rocks is the case.
  • the process and the parts coated afterwards are said to be inexpensive to manufacture or coat.
  • the gloss coating of parts is produced by the combination of several layers.
  • a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer made of, for example, a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer or a sputter lacquer is applied in a known manner in a first process step.
  • a high-gloss layer with a thickness of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, is deposited on the parts to be coated in a vacuum chamber by magnetron sputtering.
  • the high-gloss layer is produced by a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound.
  • the corresponding variant of the magnetron sputtering is used.
  • Essential variants are the reactive atomization of targets from the coating material by admitting a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture, for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or the pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed.
  • a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or the pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed.
  • one or more targets can be used, with a plurality of targets preferably being switched alternately as anode and cathode.
  • Reactive pulse magnetron sputtering which is known per se, is particularly advantageous for producing a high-gloss layer consisting of a multi-component compound, for example titanium-aluminum nitride, for which purpose simple targets of the metals titanium and aluminum are used in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere.
  • pulse magnetron sputtering enables stable, safe and reproducible process control, which is not possible with other coating processes due to the frequent occurrence of electrical arcing.
  • the layer composition and thus the color of the gloss layer can be set within wide limits and kept constant by means of purely electrical means, namely the setting of the pulses at the break times, for the targets of the two different metals.
  • a transparent, wear-resistant top coat layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner.
  • This topcoat layer based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin or of an organic-inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, consists of a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. It was found that only the combination of two known process steps of applying lacquer in succession with the dusting of a layer in a vacuum between the two process steps creates a layer system which meets the high demands on the optical impression and the corrosion protection.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the gloss coating takes place in such a way that the surface of the parts especially their areas to be coated, before applying the anti-corrosive, smoothing lacquer base coat mechanically smoothed and then to apply a layer of chromate.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the method also consists in the top layer being made of lacquer - as the last of the layer system - on the high-gloss layer in a CVD process to apply.
  • Magnetron sputtering turns layers into optically decorative ones Properties manufactured using conventional painting processes in terms of color and gloss cannot be produced.
  • the colors that can be produced in a wide range are shiny metallic, i.e. there is no metallization through appropriate pigmentation imitated.
  • the color palette ranges from dark and light silver to gold and reddish brown to towards violet.
  • the titanium-aluminum-nitrogen system has proven to be particularly advantageous proven. A large number of colors can be produced using this system alone. It but are also other systems, e.g. Zirconium aluminum nitrogen and titanium zirconium nitrogen, usable for the production of further colors. Other shades are due to copper or brass reachable.
  • the high-gloss layer is sputtered using magnetron sputtering simple and inexpensive. It is a good all-round coating of the three-dimensional, complicated shaped parts, which can be achieved with other vacuum coating processes, such as electron beam evaporation, arc evaporation, evaporation from boats or Ion plating is unreachable.
  • the relatively sensitive high-gloss layer is also protected against large loads and environmental influences, for example attack by alkalis and acids.
  • the elasticity of the relatively thick lacquer base and top coat layer contributes significantly to mitigating high mechanical influences such as stone chipping and abrasion.
  • the varnish base layer provides corrosion protection for the parts to be coated and roughness of the surface, such as those forged or cast light alloy wheels, are compensated for. This creates a smooth surface for the subsequent coating with the high-gloss layer and improves the adhesive strength of this layer.
  • additives to the transparent topcoat layer it is possible to additionally adjust the gloss of the gloss coating, so that several levels of gloss are achieved in accordance with aesthetic and fashion requirements.
  • Further advantageous configurations of the invention consist in that the surface to be coated is mechanically smoothed before the lacquer base layer is applied.
  • the adhesion of the high-gloss layer is improved if a pretreatment is carried out by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or the application of an adhesion promoter layer before the application of this layer.
  • a pretreatment is carried out by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or the application of an adhesion promoter layer before the application of this layer.
  • the gloss coating process can be used to coat steel parts, Light metals - such as magnesium, titanium, aluminum and their alloys - and plastics are also used.
  • Vehicle parts are, for example, mirror housings, fan grilles, grilles, door handles, Control buttons, fittings and the like. It can all vehicle interior and -Exterior parts can be provided with a gloss coating.
  • These parts can be castings, Injection molded parts or composite plastic or sheet metal parts.
  • When coating Plastic parts are special when coating them when dusting the high-gloss layer, and possibly upstream glow cleaning Adjustment of the process parameters to be considered.
  • a vehicle wheel made of an aluminum alloy Al, Mg, Ti is said to be a purple Maintain gloss coating in the area of the rim star. This will be Vehicle wheel - after it has been mechanically smoothed - in a first process step in known manner coated with a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer.
  • the vehicle wheel is then introduced into a vacuum chamber in a second method step in such a way that the outside of the vehicle wheel is located opposite two targets of the magnetron atomization sources arranged in the vacuum chamber.
  • a target is made of aluminum and a target made of titanium.
  • argon is introduced into the vacuum chamber and a glow discharge is ignited in this inert gas atmosphere.
  • the high-gloss layer is applied in a known manner by pulse magnetron sputtering.
  • the aluminum and titanium targets are operated alternately at a frequency of 10 kHz as the anode and cathode of the glow discharge.
  • the total power supplied to the targets is 15 kW.
  • a working pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 -3 mbar is established.
  • the vehicle wheel is rotated around its axis of symmetry during the coating.
  • a violet, 200 nm thick high-gloss layer is deposited on the vehicle wheel in a coating time of 3 minutes.
  • a top coat layer based on polyurethane with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner.
  • the vehicle wheel - consists of magnesium
  • this process step can also apply to parts another material may be beneficial to contaminants on the surface remove that can otherwise adversely affect the quality of the coating.
  • the aforementioned method can also be expediently designed by after mechanical smoothing, a chromate layer as a first layer and then one Powder coating layer is applied.
  • the chromate layer is preferably applied chemically and has in particular that Task to have a corrosion-inhibiting effect, with the lacquer base layer as an additional layer corrosion-inhibiting layer can have a reduced effect.
  • the Powder coating layer forms a plastic resistance to external influences, such as Rockfall in vehicle wheels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A process for the gloss coating of parts, especially vehicle wheels, comprises (1) applying an anticorrosion smoothing primer (A), (2) spraying on a high- gloss coating (B) of metal, metal alloy or metal compound with the aid of a magnetron under vacuum, and (3) applying a transparent, wear-resistant topcoat of varnish (C). Also claimed are: (i) similar processes in which stage (1) is preceded by (a) mechanical smoothing of the surface and (b) application of a chromate layer (D), or by (a) mechanical smoothing, (b) application of a chromate layer (D) and (c) application of a layer of powder paint (E); and (ii) coated parts of metal or metal alloy, especially light alloy, with a coating system consisting at least of layers (A), (B) and (C) as above, at least on the visible surfaces.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Fahrzeugrädern bzw. Feigen. Das Verfahren dient vorzugsweise zur Beschichtung von Leichtmetallrädern, um auf diesen einen metallischen Glanz zu erzeugen. Das Verfahren ist gleichermaßen anwendbar für Fahrzeugteile, die sowohl im Innern als auch außen eingesetzt werden. Desweiteren ist dieses Verfahren auch anwendbar für Gebrauchsgegenstände verschiedenster Anwendungsgebiete, um einen besonderen optischen Effekt oder eine Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften sowie des Korrosionsschutzes zu erzielen. Das sind beispielsweise Gehäuse von Geräten sowie Instrumente.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist auch ein nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes Fahrzeugteil, vorzugsweise Fahrzeugrad.The invention relates to a method for gloss coating parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels or figs. The method is preferably used to coat light-alloy wheels in order to produce a metallic sheen on them. The method is equally applicable to vehicle parts that are used both inside and outside. Furthermore, this method can also be used for articles of daily use in a wide variety of fields of application, in order to achieve a special optical effect or an improvement in the properties of use and in corrosion protection. These are, for example, housings for devices and instruments.
The invention also relates to a vehicle part produced by the method, preferably a vehicle wheel.

Es ist bekannt, derartige Gegenstände - insbesondere Fahrzeugräder - zum Schutz gegen Korrosion mit einem Schichtsystem aus Lack zu versehen (G 81 03 758 U1). Auf einer katodisch abgeschiedenen Elektrotauchlack-Grundierungsschicht wird eine pigmentierte Decklackschicht aufgebracht, die mittels Elektronenstrahlen gehärtet wird. Auf diese Schicht wird eine weitere Decklackschicht aus einem Klarlack aufgebracht, die ebenfalls mittels Elektronenstrahlen gehärtet wird. Der Nachteil besteht darin, daß nur bedingt metallisch glänzende Farben erzeugt werden können.It is known to protect such objects - in particular vehicle wheels - against Corrosion to be provided with a layer system of paint (G 81 03 758 U1). On a A cathodic electrodeposition primer layer becomes a pigmented one Topcoat layer applied, which is hardened by means of electron beams. On this layer Another top coat layer is applied from a clear coat, which is also by means of Electron beam is hardened. The disadvantage is that it is only partially metallic shiny colors can be generated.

Es ist bekannt, farbige Schichten auf Leichtmetallrädern zu erzeugen (EP 0 525 867 A1). Dazu wird ein Zweischichtsystem aufgebracht, wobei beide Schichten Lackschichten sind. Die erste Schicht besteht aus einem die Grundfarbe enthaltenden Lack, und die zweite Schicht besteht aus einem Glimmerpigmente enthaltenen transparenten Lack. Der Nachteil besteht darin, daß damit kein echter metallischer Glanz erzielt, sondern durch die Pigmentierung nur nachgebildet wird.It is known to produce colored layers on light metal wheels (EP 0 525 867 A1). For this purpose, a two-layer system is applied, with both layers being lacquer layers. The the first layer consists of a lacquer containing the base color, and the second layer consists of a transparent varnish containing mica pigments. The disadvantage is in that it does not achieve a real metallic sheen, but only through the pigmentation is reproduced.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, Schichten mit verschiedenen Farb- und Glanzeffekten auf Gegenständen durch Vakuumbeschichtung, insbesondere Magnetron-Zerstäubung, abzuscheiden. It is well known to have layers with different color and gloss effects Objects by vacuum coating, in particular magnetron sputtering, to separate.

In einer Vakuumkammer werden die zu beschichtenden Gegenstände gegenüber einem oder mehreren Targets, die aus dem Material oder einer Komponente der abzuscheidenden Schicht bestehen, angeordnet. Zwischen dem Target und den Gegenständen wird eine Gasentladung so gezündet, daß sich ein Plasma ausbildet und Teilchen vom Target abgestäubt werden. Als Targetmaterialien werden Metalle, Metalllegierungen oder Metallverbindungen eingesetzt. Metallverbindungen lassen sich jedoch auch durch reaktive Magnetron-Zerstäubung abscheiden, indem ein Metall zerstäubt wird und ein Reaktivgas, wie z.B. O2, N2, zusätzlich in die Vakuumkammer eingelassen wird. Durch eine entsprechende Materialauswahl, eventuell in Verbindung mit einem Prozeßgas, sind die Schichten in verschiedenen Farben herstellbar.
Um derart aufgestäubte Schichten bei geringen Beanspruchungen gegen Korrosion und Zerstörung durch mechanischen Verschleiß zu schützen, werden nach PVD- und CVD-Verfahren harte und verschleißfeste Schichten als Überzug auf die metallisch glänzenden Schichten abgeschieden. Der Nachteil derart geschützter metallisch glänzender Schichten besteht darin, daß für hohe mechanische und korrosive Beanspruchungen, denen beispielsweise Fahrzeugräder ausgesetzt sind, dieser Schutz unzureichend ist. Die Herstellung der Schutzschichten ist außerdem zu teuer.The objects to be coated are arranged in a vacuum chamber opposite one or more targets, which consist of the material or a component of the layer to be deposited. A gas discharge is ignited between the target and the objects in such a way that a plasma is formed and particles are dusted off the target. Metals, metal alloys or metal compounds are used as target materials. However, metal compounds can also be separated by reactive magnetron sputtering, by sputtering a metal and additionally introducing a reactive gas, such as O 2 , N 2 , into the vacuum chamber. The layers can be produced in different colors by appropriate selection of materials, possibly in conjunction with a process gas.
In order to protect such sputtered layers against corrosion and destruction due to mechanical wear and tear, hard and wear-resistant layers are deposited as a coating on the shiny metallic layers using PVD and CVD processes. The disadvantage of such protected metallic shiny layers is that this protection is inadequate for high mechanical and corrosive stresses to which vehicle wheels are exposed, for example. The production of the protective layers is also too expensive.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise von Fahrzeugteilen, insbesondere Fahrzeugrädern, zu schaffen, mit dem eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Metallglanzfarbtöne auf deren Oberfläche oder Bereichen derselben erzeugt werden soll. Vorzugsweise sollen Fahrzeugräder aus Metall, insbesondere aus Leichtmetalllegierungen, und dabei bevorzugt deren sichtbare Flächen, beschichtet werden. Die Glanzbeschichtung soll auch beständig gegen Korrosion sein und hohe mechanische Belastungen aushalten, wie es z.B. bei Fahrzeugrädern gegen Abrieb und Steinschlag der Fall ist. Das Verfahren und die danach beschichteten Teile sollen kostengünstig herstellbar bzw. beschichtbar sein.The invention has for its object a method for the gloss coating of parts, preferably of vehicle parts, in particular vehicle wheels, to create one Many different metallic gloss colors on their surface or areas the same should be generated. Vehicle wheels are preferably made of metal, in particular made of light metal alloys, and preferably their visible surfaces, coated will. The gloss coating should also be resistant to corrosion and high withstand mechanical loads, e.g. for vehicle wheels against abrasion and Falling rocks is the case. The process and the parts coated afterwards are said to be inexpensive to manufacture or coat.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche 1, 2 oder 3 und 11 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen 4 bis 10 und 12 bis 21 beschrieben.According to the invention, the object is achieved with the features of claims 1, 2 or 3 and 11 solved. Further advantageous configurations are in subclaims 4 to 10 and 12 to 21.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, insbesondere von Fahrzeugrädern, bevorzugt deren sichtbarer Bereich, durch die Kombination mehrerer Schichten erzeugt. In einer Ausführungsform wird in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt eine korrosionshemmende, glättende Lackgrundschicht aus z.B. einem verlaufsoptimierten Pulver-Einbrennlack oder einem Sputter-Lack in bekannter Weise aufgebracht. Anschließend wird in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt auf die zu beschichteten Teile in einer Vakuumkammer durch Magnetron-Zerstäubung eine Hochglanzschicht mit einer Dicke von 10 nm bis 5 µm, vorzugsweise 100 nm bis 500 nm abgeschieden. Je nach herzustellendem Farbton wird die Hochglanzschicht durch ein Metall, eine Metalllegierung oder eine Metallverbindung erzeugt. In Abhängigkeit vom zu erreichenden Farbton der Hochglanzschicht und dem verwendeten Beschichtungsmaterial, d.h. dem Targetmaterial, wird die entsprechende Variante der Magnetron-Zerstäubung eingesetzt. Wesentliche Varianten sind das reaktive Zerstäuben von Targets aus dem Beschichtungsmaterial durch Einlassen eines Reaktivgases oder Reaktivgasgemisches, z.B. O2, N2, niedermolekulare Kohlenwasserstoffe, oder das nichtreaktive Zerstäuben, Gleichstrom-Zerstäuben oder das Puls-Magnetron-Zerstäuben, bei dem die elektrische Energie pulsförmig zugeführt wird. Weiterhin können ein oder mehrere Targets verwendet werden, wobei bei mehreren Targets diese vorzugsweise alternierend als Anode und Katode geschaltet werden.According to the invention, the gloss coating of parts, in particular vehicle wheels, preferably their visible area, is produced by the combination of several layers. In one embodiment, a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer made of, for example, a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer or a sputter lacquer is applied in a known manner in a first process step. Then, in a second method step, a high-gloss layer with a thickness of 10 nm to 5 μm, preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, is deposited on the parts to be coated in a vacuum chamber by magnetron sputtering. Depending on the color to be produced, the high-gloss layer is produced by a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound. Depending on the color of the high-gloss layer to be achieved and the coating material used, ie the target material, the corresponding variant of the magnetron sputtering is used. Essential variants are the reactive atomization of targets from the coating material by admitting a reactive gas or reactive gas mixture, for example O 2 , N 2 , low molecular weight hydrocarbons, or the non-reactive atomization, direct current atomization or the pulse magnetron atomization, in which the electrical energy is pulsed is fed. Furthermore, one or more targets can be used, with a plurality of targets preferably being switched alternately as anode and cathode.

Besonders vorteilhaft für die Herstellung einer aus einer mehrkomponentigen Verbindung, z.B. Titan-Aluminium-Nitrid, bestehenden Hochglanzschicht ist dabei das an sich bekannte reaktive Puls-Magnetron-Sputtern, wozu einfache Targets der Metalle Titan und Aluminium in einer reaktiven Stickstoff-Atmosphäre eingesetzt werden. Das Puls-Magnetron-Sputtern erlaubt einerseits eine stabile, sichere und reproduzierbare Prozeßführung, die mit anderen Beschichtungsverfahren wegen häufig auftretender elektrischer Überschläge (des sogenannten Arcing) nicht möglich ist. Andererseits läßt sich durch rein elektrische Mittel, nämlich die Einstellung der Pulse zu den Pausenzeiten, für die Targets der beiden unterschiedlichen Metalle die Schichtzusammensetzung und damit die Farbe der Glanzschicht in weiten Grenzen einstellen und konstant halten.
In einem abschließenden Verfahrensschritt wird auf die Hochglanzschicht eine transparente, verschleißfeste Decklackschicht in bekannter Weise aufgebracht. Diese Decklackschicht, auf einer Basis von Acrylaten oder Polyurethan oder Epoxydharz oder aus einer organischanorganischen Verbindung, vorzugsweise Ormocer, bestehend, besitzt eine Dicke von 0,5 µm bis 100 µm.
Es wurde gefunden, daß nur durch die Kombination von zwei bekannten Verfahrensschritten des Auftragens von Lack in Folge mit dem Aufstäuben einer Schicht im Vakuum zwischen den beiden Verfahrensschritten ein Schichtsystem entsteht, welches den hohen Anforderungen an den optischen Eindruck und den Korrosionsschutz gerecht wird. Reactive pulse magnetron sputtering, which is known per se, is particularly advantageous for producing a high-gloss layer consisting of a multi-component compound, for example titanium-aluminum nitride, for which purpose simple targets of the metals titanium and aluminum are used in a reactive nitrogen atmosphere. On the one hand, pulse magnetron sputtering enables stable, safe and reproducible process control, which is not possible with other coating processes due to the frequent occurrence of electrical arcing. On the other hand, the layer composition and thus the color of the gloss layer can be set within wide limits and kept constant by means of purely electrical means, namely the setting of the pulses at the break times, for the targets of the two different metals.
In a final process step, a transparent, wear-resistant top coat layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner. This topcoat layer, based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin or of an organic-inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, consists of a thickness of 0.5 µm to 100 µm.
It was found that only the combination of two known process steps of applying lacquer in succession with the dusting of a layer in a vacuum between the two process steps creates a layer system which meets the high demands on the optical impression and the corrosion protection.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausführung der Glanzbeschichtung erfolgt derart, die Oberfläche der Teile, insbesondere deren zu beschichtende Bereiche, vor dem Aufbringen der korrosionshemmenden, glättenden Lackgrundschicht mechanisch zu glätten und danach eine Chromatschicht aufzubringen.An advantageous embodiment of the gloss coating takes place in such a way that the surface of the parts especially their areas to be coated, before applying the anti-corrosive, smoothing lacquer base coat mechanically smoothed and then to apply a layer of chromate.

Des Weiteren ist es vorteilhaft, in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens nach der Chromatschicht und vor der korrosionshemmenden Lackgrundschicht eine Pulverlackschicht auf die Chromatschicht aufzubringen.Furthermore, it is advantageous in a further embodiment of the method according to the Chromate layer and in front of the corrosion-inhibiting lacquer base layer a powder lacquer layer to apply to the chromate layer.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens besteht auch darin, die Deckschicht aus Lack - als die letzte des Schichtsystems - auf der Hochglanzschicht in einem CVD-Prozeß aufzubringen.An advantageous embodiment of the method also consists in the top layer being made of lacquer - as the last of the layer system - on the high-gloss layer in a CVD process to apply.

So werden durch die Magnetron-Zerstäubung Schichten mit optisch dekorativen Eigenschaften hergestellt, die mit herkömmlichen Lackierungsverfahren in Bezug auf Farbe und Glanz nicht herstellbar sind. Die in großer Auswahl herstellbaren Farbtöne sind metallisch glänzend, d.h. es wird keine Metallisierung durch entsprechende Pigmentierung imitiert. Die Farbpalette reicht von dunklem und hellem Silber, über Gold, rötlich Braun bis hin zu Violett. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich das System Titan-Aluminium-Stickstoff erwiesen. Allein mit diesem System läßt sich eine große Anzahl der Farbtöne herstellen. Es sind aber auch andere Systeme, z.B. Zirkonium-Aluminium-Stickstoff und Titan-Zirkonium-Stickstoff, zur Herstellung weiterer Farbtöne einsetzbar. Weitere Farbtöne sind durch Kupfer oder Messing erreichbar.Magnetron sputtering turns layers into optically decorative ones Properties manufactured using conventional painting processes in terms of color and gloss cannot be produced. The colors that can be produced in a wide range are shiny metallic, i.e. there is no metallization through appropriate pigmentation imitated. The color palette ranges from dark and light silver to gold and reddish brown to towards violet. The titanium-aluminum-nitrogen system has proven to be particularly advantageous proven. A large number of colors can be produced using this system alone. It but are also other systems, e.g. Zirconium aluminum nitrogen and titanium zirconium nitrogen, usable for the production of further colors. Other shades are due to copper or brass reachable.

Darüber hinaus ist das Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht mittels Magnetron-Zerstäubung einfach und kostengünstig. Es wird eine gute allseitige Beschichtung der dreidimensionalen, kompliziert geformten Teile erreicht, welche mit anderen Vakuumbeschichtungsverfahren, wie Elektronenstrahlverdampfen, Bogenverdampfen, Verdampfen aus Schiffchen oder Ionenplattieren, nicht erreichbar ist.In addition, the high-gloss layer is sputtered using magnetron sputtering simple and inexpensive. It is a good all-round coating of the three-dimensional, complicated shaped parts, which can be achieved with other vacuum coating processes, such as electron beam evaporation, arc evaporation, evaporation from boats or Ion plating is unreachable.

Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die relativ empfindliche Hochglanzschicht auch gegenüber großen Belastungen und Umwelteinflüssen, z.B. Angriff durch Laugen und Säuren, geschützt wird. Die Elastizität der relativ dicken Lackgrund- und Decklackschicht trägt wesentlich dazu bei, hohe mechanische Einwirkungen, wie Steinschlag und Abrieb abzumildern. Außerdem wird mit der Lackgrundschicht ein Korrosionsschutz der zu beschichteten Teile erreicht und Rauhigkeiten der Oberfläche, wie sie z.B. geschmiedete oder gegossene Leichtmetallräder besitzen, werden ausgeglichen. Damit wird für die nachfolgende Beschichtung mit der Hochglanzschicht eine glatte Oberfläche geschaffen und die Haftfestigkeit dieser Schicht verbessert.
Durch die Beigabe von Zusatzstoffen zur transparenten Decklackschicht ist es möglich, zusätzlich den Glanz der Glanzbeschichtung gezielt einzustellen, so daß mehrere Abstufungen des Glanzes entsprechend ästhetischen und modischen Anforderungen erreicht werden.Another advantage is that with the method according to the invention the relatively sensitive high-gloss layer is also protected against large loads and environmental influences, for example attack by alkalis and acids. The elasticity of the relatively thick lacquer base and top coat layer contributes significantly to mitigating high mechanical influences such as stone chipping and abrasion. In addition, the varnish base layer provides corrosion protection for the parts to be coated and roughness of the surface, such as those forged or cast light alloy wheels, are compensated for. This creates a smooth surface for the subsequent coating with the high-gloss layer and improves the adhesive strength of this layer.
By adding additives to the transparent topcoat layer, it is possible to additionally adjust the gloss of the gloss coating, so that several levels of gloss are achieved in accordance with aesthetic and fashion requirements.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung bestehen darin, daß vor dem Aufbringen der Lackgrundschicht eine mechanische Glättung der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche durchgeführt wird. Außerdem wird die Haftung der Hochglanzschicht verbessert, wenn vor dem Aufbringen dieser Schicht eine Vorbehandlung durch Heizen und/oder Ätzen in einem Inert- oder Reaktivgasplasma oder das Aufbringen einer Haftvermittlerschicht durchgeführt wird.
Bei Leichtmetallrädern ist es vorteilhaft, statt der gesamten Oberfläche nur die sichtbaren Flächen zu beschichten. Damit werden die Beschichtungskosten reduziert.Further advantageous configurations of the invention consist in that the surface to be coated is mechanically smoothed before the lacquer base layer is applied. In addition, the adhesion of the high-gloss layer is improved if a pretreatment is carried out by heating and / or etching in an inert or reactive gas plasma or the application of an adhesion promoter layer before the application of this layer.
With light alloy wheels, it is advantageous to coat only the visible surfaces instead of the entire surface. This reduces the coating costs.

Das Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung kann zum Beschichten von Teilen aus Stahl, Leichtmetallen - wie beispielsweise Magnesium, Titan, Aluminium sowie deren Legierungen -und auch Kunststoffen angewendet werden. Die aus diesen Materialien hergestellten Fahrzeugteile sind beispielsweise Spiegelgehäuse, Lüftergitter, Kühlergrille, Türklinken, Bedienknöpfe, Armaturenteile und dergleichen. Es können alle Fahrzeuginterieur- und -exterieurteile mit einer Glanzbeschichtung versehen werden. Diese Teile können Gußteile, Spritzteile oder zusammengesetzte Kunststoff- bzw. Blechteile sein. Bei der Beschichtung von Teilen aus Kunststoff sind die besonderen Bedingungen bei deren Beschichtung, besonders beim Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht, und der evtl. vorgelagerten Glimmreinigung durch Anpassung der Prozeßparameter zu berücksichtigen.The gloss coating process can be used to coat steel parts, Light metals - such as magnesium, titanium, aluminum and their alloys - and plastics are also used. The made from these materials Vehicle parts are, for example, mirror housings, fan grilles, grilles, door handles, Control buttons, fittings and the like. It can all vehicle interior and -Exterior parts can be provided with a gloss coating. These parts can be castings, Injection molded parts or composite plastic or sheet metal parts. When coating Plastic parts are special when coating them when dusting the high-gloss layer, and possibly upstream glow cleaning Adjustment of the process parameters to be considered.

An einem Ausführungsbeispiel in mehreren Varianten wird die Erfindung näher erläutert. Ein Fahrzeugrad aus einer Leichtmetalllegierung Al, Mg, Ti soll eine violette Glanzbeschichtung hauptsächlich im Bereich des Felgensternes erhalten. Dazu wird das Fahrzeugrad - nachdem es mechanisch geglättet ist - in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt in bekannter Weise mit einem verlaufsoptimierten Pulver-Einbrennlack beschichtet. The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment in several variants. A vehicle wheel made of an aluminum alloy Al, Mg, Ti is said to be a purple Maintain gloss coating in the area of the rim star. This will be Vehicle wheel - after it has been mechanically smoothed - in a first process step in known manner coated with a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer.

Anschließend wird in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt das Fahrzeugrad derart in eine Vakuumkammer eingebracht, daß sich die Außenseite des Fahrzeugrades gegenüber zwei in der Vakuumkammer angeordneten Targets der Magnetron-Zerstäubungsquellen befindet. Ein Target ist aus Aluminium und ein Target aus Titan. Nachdem die Vakuumkammer evakuiert wurde, wird Argon in die Vakuumkammer eingelassen und in dieser Inertgasatmosphäre eine Glimmentladung gezündet. Das Aufbringen der Hochglanzschicht erfolgt in bekannter Weise durch Puls-Magnetron-Zerstäuben. Dabei werden das Aluminium- und das Titantarget alternierend mit einer Frequenz von 10 kHz als Anode und Katode der Glimmentladung betrieben. Die gesamte den Targets zugeführte Leistung beträgt 15 kW. Zusätzlich werden 80 sccm Stickstoff als Reaktivgas in die Vakuumkammer eingelassen, so daß sich ein Arbeitsdruck von 2·10-3 mbar einstellt. Um eine gleichmäßige Beschichtung zu erhalten, wird das Fahrzeugrad während der Beschichtung um seine Symmetrieachse gedreht. In einer Beschichtungszeit von 3 Minuten wird eine violette, 200 nm dicke Hochglanzschicht auf dem Fahrzeugrad abgeschieden.
In einem dritten Verfahrensschritt wird abschließend auf die Hochglanzschicht eine Decklackschicht auf der Basis von Polyurethan mit einer Dicke von 30 µm in bekannter Weise aufgebracht.The vehicle wheel is then introduced into a vacuum chamber in a second method step in such a way that the outside of the vehicle wheel is located opposite two targets of the magnetron atomization sources arranged in the vacuum chamber. A target is made of aluminum and a target made of titanium. After the vacuum chamber has been evacuated, argon is introduced into the vacuum chamber and a glow discharge is ignited in this inert gas atmosphere. The high-gloss layer is applied in a known manner by pulse magnetron sputtering. The aluminum and titanium targets are operated alternately at a frequency of 10 kHz as the anode and cathode of the glow discharge. The total power supplied to the targets is 15 kW. In addition, 80 sccm of nitrogen are admitted as reactive gas into the vacuum chamber, so that a working pressure of 2 · 10 -3 mbar is established. In order to obtain a uniform coating, the vehicle wheel is rotated around its axis of symmetry during the coating. A violet, 200 nm thick high-gloss layer is deposited on the vehicle wheel in a coating time of 3 minutes.
In a third process step, a top coat layer based on polyurethane with a thickness of 30 μm is applied to the high-gloss layer in a known manner.

Besteht das Teil - im vorliegenden Beispiel das Fahrzeugrad - aus Magnesium, ist es vorteilhaft, das dem Aufbringen des Schichtsystems vorgeschaltete mechanische Glätten als sogenannte Glättschleifen auszuüben. Dieser Verfahrensschritt kann aber auch bei Teilen aus einem anderen Material vorteilhaft sein, um Verunreinigungen auf der Oberfläche zu entfernen, die sonst die Qualität der Beschichtung ungünstig beeinflussen können.If the part - in this example the vehicle wheel - consists of magnesium, it is advantageous as the mechanical smoothing upstream of the application of the layer system exercise so-called smooth grinding. However, this process step can also apply to parts another material may be beneficial to contaminants on the surface remove that can otherwise adversely affect the quality of the coating.

Es kann das vorgenannte Verfahren auch dadurch zweckmäßig ausgestaltet werden, indem nach dem mechanischen Glätten eine Chromatschicht als eine erste Schicht und darauf eine Pulverlackschicht aufgebracht wird.The aforementioned method can also be expediently designed by after mechanical smoothing, a chromate layer as a first layer and then one Powder coating layer is applied.

Die Chromatschicht wird vorzugsweise chemisch aufgebracht und hat insbesondere die Aufgabe, korrosionshemmend zu wirken, wobei die Lackgrundschicht als zusätzliche korrosionshemmende Schicht eine verminderte Wirkung aufweisen kann. Die Pulverlackschicht bildet einen plastischen Widerstand gegen äußere Einflüsse, wie Steinschlag bei Fahrzeugrädern.The chromate layer is preferably applied chemically and has in particular that Task to have a corrosion-inhibiting effect, with the lacquer base layer as an additional layer corrosion-inhibiting layer can have a reduced effect. The Powder coating layer forms a plastic resistance to external influences, such as Rockfall in vehicle wheels.

Claims (21)

Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere von Fahrzeugrädern, durch Aufbringen eines Schichtsystems, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: Aufbringen einer korrosionshemmenden, glättenden Lackgrundschicht, Aufstäuben einer Hochglanzschicht aus einem Metall, einer Metalllegierung oder einer Metallverbindung mittels eines Magnetrons im Vakuum, Aufbringen einer transparenten, verschleißfesten Deckschicht aus einem Lack. Process for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels, by applying a layer system, characterized by the following process steps: Applying a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer, Dusting a high-gloss layer of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound by means of a magnetron in a vacuum, Apply a transparent, wear-resistant top layer from a varnish. Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere von Fahrzeugrädern, durch Aufbringen eines Schichtsystems, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: mechanische Glättung der Oberfläche, Aufbringen einer Chromatschicht, Aufbringen einer korrosionshemmenden, glättenden Lackgrundschicht, Aufstäuben einer Hochglanzschicht aus einem Metall, einer Metalllegierung oder einer Metallverbindung mittels eines Magnetrons im Vakuum, Aufbringen einer transparenten, verschleißfesten Deckschicht aus einem Lack. Process for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels, by applying a layer system, characterized by the following process steps: mechanical smoothing of the surface, Application of a chromate layer, Applying a corrosion-inhibiting, smoothing lacquer base layer, Dusting a high-gloss layer of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound by means of a magnetron in a vacuum, Apply a transparent, wear-resistant top layer from a varnish. Verfahren zur Glanzbeschichtung von Teilen, vorzugsweise für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere von Fahrzeugrädern, durch Aufbringen eines Schichtsystems, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Verfahrensschritte: mechanische Glättung der Oberfläche, Aufbringen einer Chromatschicht, Aufbringen einer Pulverlackschicht, Aufbringen einer korrosionshemmenden Lackgrundschicht, Aufstäuben einer Hochglanzschicht aus einem Metall, einer Metalllegierung oder einer Metallverbindung mittels eines Magnetrons im Vakuum, Aufbringen einer transparenten, verschleißfesten Deckschicht aus einem Lack. Process for the gloss coating of parts, preferably for vehicles, in particular vehicle wheels, by applying a layer system, characterized by the following process steps: mechanical smoothing of the surface, Application of a chromate layer, Applying a powder coating layer, Applying a corrosion-inhibiting lacquer base layer, Dusting a high-gloss layer of a metal, a metal alloy or a metal compound by means of a magnetron in a vacuum, Apply a transparent, wear-resistant top layer from a varnish. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf die Hochglanzschicht die Deckschicht in einem CVD-Prozeß aufgebracht wird. Method according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the top layer is applied to the high-gloss layer in a CVD process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht eine Vorbehandlung im Vakuum, vorzugsweise durch Heizen und/oder Ätzen in einem Inert- oder Reaktivgasplasma durchgeführt wird.A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 and 4, characterized in that a pretreatment is carried out in a vacuum, preferably by heating and / or etching, in an inert or reactive gas plasma before the high-gloss layer is dusted on. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht eine Vorbehandlung im Vakuum durch Aufbringen einer Haftvermittlerschicht durchgeführt wird.Process according to Claim 1, 2 or 3 and 4, characterized in that before the high-gloss layer is dusted on, a pretreatment is carried out in a vacuum by applying an adhesion promoter layer. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hochglanzschicht durch Gleichstrom-Zerstäuben oder Puls-Magnetron-Zerstäuben in einer Inert- oder Reaktivgasatmosphäre aufgestäubt wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is sputtered by direct current sputtering or pulse magnetron sputtering in an inert or reactive gas atmosphere. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Reaktivgas ein Gas oder Gasgemisch, vorzugsweise O2, N2 oder niedermolekularer Kohlenwasserstoff, eingelassen wird.Process according to at least one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a gas or gas mixture, preferably O 2 , N 2 or low molecular weight hydrocarbon, is let in as the reactive gas. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zu beschichtenden Teile während dem Aufstäuben der Hochglanzschicht relativ zu den Targets des Magnetrons bewegt werden.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the parts to be coated are moved relative to the targets of the magnetron during the dusting of the high-gloss layer. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Glanz des zu beschichtenden Teiles durch die Beigabe von Pigmenten zur transparenten Decklackschicht eingestellt wird.Method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gloss of the part to be coated is adjusted by adding pigments to the transparent topcoat layer. Beschichtetes Teil, bestehend aus Metall oder Metalllegierung, insbesondere aus Leichtmetall, mit einem darauf aufgebrachten Schichtsystem, nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens auf den sichtbaren Flächen des Teils das Schichtsystem aufgebracht ist und daß das Schichtsystem mindestens aus einer korrosionshemmenden, glättenden Lackschicht, einer Hochglanzschicht aus einem Metall, einer Metalllegierung oder Metallverbindung und einer transparenten, verschleißfesten Deckschicht aus einem Lack besteht.Coated part, consisting of metal or metal alloy, in particular of light metal, with a layer system applied thereon, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the layer system is applied at least on the visible surfaces of the part and that the layer system is made of at least one corrosion-inhibiting , smoothing lacquer layer, a high-gloss layer made of a metal, a metal alloy or metal compound and a transparent, wear-resistant top layer consists of a lacquer. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unter der Hochglanzschicht eine Haftvermittlerschicht aufgebracht ist. Coated part according to Claim 11, characterized in that an adhesion promoter layer is applied under the high-gloss layer. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 und 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unter der Lackgrundschicht eine Chromatschicht aufgebracht ist.Coated part according to claims 11 and 12, characterized in that a chromate layer is applied under the lacquer base layer. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen der Chromatschicht und der Lackgrundschicht eine Pulverlackschicht aufgebracht ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 13, characterized in that a powder coating layer is applied between the chromate layer and the coating base layer. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Lackgrundschicht ein verlaufsoptimierter Pulver-Einbrennlack mit einer Dicke von 100 µm bis 500 µm, vorzugsweise 30 µm bis 300 µm, ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the lacquer base layer is a flow-optimized powder stoving lacquer with a thickness of 100 µm to 500 µm, preferably 30 µm to 300 µm. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hochglanzschicht 10 nm bis 5 µm, vorzugsweise 100 nm bis 500 nm, dick ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is 10 nm to 5 µm, preferably 100 nm to 500 nm, thick. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hochglanzschicht eine Verbindung aus Titan-Aluminium-Stickstoff ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is a compound made of titanium-aluminum-nitrogen. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hochglanzschicht eine Verbindung aus Zirkonium-Aluminium-Stickstoff ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is a compound made of zirconium-aluminum-nitrogen. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hochglanzschicht eine Verbindung aus Titan-Zirkonium-Stickstoff ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the high-gloss layer is a compound made of titanium-zirconium-nitrogen. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Deckschicht eine organisch-anorganische Verbindung, vorzugsweise Ormocer, mit einer Dicke von 0,5 µm bis 20 µm, vorzugsweise 2 µm bis 5 µm, ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 19, characterized in that the cover layer is an organic-inorganic compound, preferably Ormocer, with a thickness of 0.5 µm to 20 µm, preferably 2 µm to 5 µm. Beschichtetes Teil nach Anspruch 11 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Decklackschicht eine organische Schicht auf der Basis von Acrylaten oder Polyurethan oder Epoxidharz mit einer Dicke von 1 µm bis 100 µm, vorzugsweise 20 µm bis 30 µm, ist.Coated part according to Claims 11 to 20, characterized in that the top coat layer is an organic layer based on acrylates or polyurethane or epoxy resin with a thickness of 1 µm to 100 µm, preferably 20 µm to 30 µm.
EP97110178A 1996-07-31 1997-06-21 Process for making glossy coatings on parts for example of vehicles especially of wheels and pieces coated with that process Expired - Lifetime EP0822010B1 (en)

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EP0822010B1 (en) 2003-02-12
DE19745407A1 (en) 1998-11-26
NO973161D0 (en) 1997-07-08
US6238786B1 (en) 2001-05-29
NO319159B1 (en) 2005-06-27
JPH10102245A (en) 1998-04-21
DE19745407C2 (en) 2003-02-27
US6068890A (en) 2000-05-30
NO973161L (en) 1998-02-02
ES2192636T3 (en) 2003-10-16
CN1078266C (en) 2002-01-23
JP4584366B2 (en) 2010-11-17
CN1191902A (en) 1998-09-02

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