EP0813908A1 - Cutting and/or bearing system for food screw miner - Google Patents

Abstract

The cutting and bearing system has driven supply (1) and working (2) screw conveyors, fitted one behind the other on different axes. The supply conveyors are parallel to each other and rotate in opposite directions. There is a transition region (11) between the supply and working conveyors. All the conveyors are in the same plane. The cutting system is in the transition region. It consists of a double pre-cutting device (3) with knives (17) and perforated discs (30). It is locked in place by the filling and closing piece (5), which has a quick closing device (8).

Description

The invention relates to cutting and / or storage systems for food comminution machines that work on the wolf principle and can be equipped with several screw systems, according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the known meat grinders of this type, the feed and working screws are stored in different levels and at the transition points from the feeding screw to the working screw, it is already known to design and implement the screw bodies in a particularly constructive manner in order to ensure a qualitative transition or transfer of the raw material from the feed - to reach the working screw.

For example, DD 289 220 A5 describes a feed screw in meat grinders that has a conveying pulse piece in the receiving area of the raw material to be minced, which consists of a ¼ to ½ screw flight, is single or multiple and whose flight height is up to 20% compared to the screw flight height of the feed screw is.

These meat grinders have the disadvantage that, directly in the area of the transition from feed screw to work screw, the transfer of the wolf material from the large feed screw to the smaller work screw, i.e. from the slow-moving feed screw to the fast-working screw, no defined pressure build-up in the processed goods can be achieved , which has a negative impact on the quality of the wolf material and the energy consumption of the wolf process.

This disadvantage is eliminated by DE 44 31 959 C1 in that a variable, removable and adjustable pressure chamber is provided directly in the transfer area of the feeder and working screw, in the tub or also in the filling funnel, which design corresponds to the specific operating conditions in its design, Design and arrangement is designed to be changeable.

This is realized in the form that installation elements are arranged in the feed hopper above the feed screws, which thus form a pressure chamber.

With this solution it is ensured that a necessary pressure is built up in the immediate transfer area from the feed screw to the feed screw or work screw, which has a positive effect on the immediate transfer process.
However, the large-scale transfer of raw materials to the working screw is disadvantageous. This takes up the large-volume parts and must tear them apart at the point of entry into the pressure pipe. In other words, the good handover of raw materials creates material accumulations in the handover space that are larger than the screw thread volume, which leads to quality reductions.
The basic principle that a working screw is assigned to a feed screw and that a cutting set is arranged downstream of it determines the structure and the mode of operation of the shredding machines described above, which indeed build up pressure directly in the transfer area from feeder to working screw, but this pressure build-up does not affect the subsequent shredding process .

A further disadvantage of the meat mincers of this type is that a high level of design and production expenditure has to be made for the storage of the feeder screws in order to ensure the functionality of such meat mincers.
Even the execution of the storage of the feeder screws in the form of overhung shafts / screws does not reduce the expenditure for their production, nor does it reduce the assembly and disassembly times. A large distance from the funnel wall or in the transfer point is the efficiency by 30 to 50%.

The object of the present invention is to develop cutting and storage systems for food comminution machines and for machines which work on the wolf principle, in particular for meat grinders with a plurality of screw systems, with which a pressure-promoting and at the same time comminution-effective transfer of the wolf material from the feeder screws to the downstream work screw the wear of the individual components is also to be reduced, the service life of the machine is increased, energy is saved and good raw material transfer conditions are to be achieved at the transfer areas.

According to the invention the object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

The solution according to the invention is characterized in that a double-cutting system is arranged between the feeder screws and the work screw, which pre-shredded the raw material that is supplied by the feeder screws stored in parallel, transferred it to the downstream work screw in pre-shredded form and prevented the backflow of raw material and completes the crushing and conveying process.

The double-cutting system is braced by means of a position-secured filler piece using external clamping forces.

The double cutting system consists of two pre-cutters arranged next to each other, each of which is assigned an upstream knife. The two pre-cutters provided next to each other are designed as one element, a so-called double pre-cutter, which is provided directly at the outlet of the feeder screws and is preceded by a knife, the respective knife being positioned at a specific angle to the last screw flight of the respective feeder screw.
The single-stage double pre-cutter has center bores for receiving the bearing pins of the feed screws, to which bearing bushes are assigned and has corresponding webs between which the through openings for the raw material lie, which have an opening dimension that is equal to that of the opening widths of the screw flights of the feed screws and in the transfer area corresponds to the working screw.

The direct arrangement of the double pre-cutter is designed so that it is placed on the pins of the feeder screws, stored on the circumferential side in the pressure housing and braced by means of a filler and closure piece.

It is also inventive that the double cutting system can be equipped with further cutting set parts for the cutting set parts already described, the pre-cutter and the associated knife. This is done in such a way that the knife is assigned a perforated disc and then a further knife and a further perforated disc. Thus the possibility of using single and multiple cutting sets is given.

The knives are driven by the respective knife pins, which are positively mounted in the feeder screws.

The bearing arrangement of the feed screw to the arranged working screw is designed so that the axes of these screws lie in one plane and the storage of the double pre-cutter is designed in such a way that the filling and sealing part is over-soaped and clamped with a counterpart, which presses directly against the double pre-cutter.

The filling and closure piece is braced by means of a bracket which has a quick-release device and thus directly secures the central axis positioning of the respective work screw to the feeder screws as well as to the provided double pre-cutter and the other cutting set parts.

The knives arranged upstream of the double pre-cutter are arranged offset on the worm pin by a certain angle and thus ensure unobstructed rotation and cutting of the knives. The knife is carried along the last screw flight of the feeder screw, by positive locking between the knife body and the milling in the last screw flight or by knife journals, which are positively mounted in the center holes of the feeder screws.

A spacing and wear-reducing circulation of the knives to the double pre-cutter is ensured in that the knives have on their knife bars circumferentially segment-shaped support elements which are equipped with pin-like plastic bolts which act as sliding aids.

The width of these plastic bolts is adapted to that of the knives and guarantees a low-wear rotating rotation of the knives to the double pre-cutter. The knives themselves are arranged on the bearing journal at an angle of preferably 30 to 50 ° to the last worm threads of the feeder screws and thus rotate with respect to one another in the manner of a gearwheel.

The constructive design of the assignment of the double cutter to the feed screw and the trailing worm as well as the arrangement of the knives in this system ensures that there is an effective connection between the double pre-cutter, the assigned knives, the other cutting set parts used and the working screw.

The knives are spring-loaded or non-positively via the filler and closure piece. The double pre-cutter with its bearing bushes is positively carried by the filler and closure piece and centered over the bearing journals, which are installed in the respective feed screw with a spring.

The bearing journals themselves are arranged in the center of the respective knife body; a collar or larger diameter of the respective bearing journal can thus create a shear stress between the double pre-cutter, the knife body and possibly other parts, such as perforated disks, when the screw springs are pressed together against the knife bodies which are positively accommodated in the last screw flight of the feeder screws and other knives.

The second form of generation of the cutting tension takes place in that the knives are provided between two perforated disks and are tensioned by the filler and closure piece via external forces. The rotary movement is generated by the form-fitting knife bodies and knife pins via the feed screws. The tension between these parts is achieved in that the filler and closure piece press all the cutting set parts, including the double pre-cutter, also known as the double cutting insert, as far as it will go and tension the springs behind the bearing pins. The cutting set parts are pressed against the double pre-cutters and the functionality of this cutting system is established.

Corresponding grooves in the last worm gear of the feeder screw transfer the rotating movements of the feeder screws to the knives by positive locking and thus produce a knife rotation to the fixed double pre-cutter, as a result of which the supplied wolf material is comminuted in portions.
A pressure chamber provided directly at the end of the feeder screw, in the area of the working screw, also supports the feeding of the wolf material into the double pre-cutter and provides the corresponding support on the circumference of the material to be wolfed.

The feed screws arranged on one level and the working screw arranged thereon ensure that the pre-shredded portioned raw material is distributed evenly over the entire length of the working screw, taken up by the respective screw flight chambers of the working screw, preferably 6 chambers, and in the pressure and cutting area of the working screw can be transported.
The high uniformity of the pre-shredded raw material ensures that it is evenly applied to the cutting systems downstream of the working screw under the necessary pressure is performed, which is ensured by low energy consumption, low wear and good quality of the comminution material.

Likewise, the built-in double-cutting system between the feed screw and the working screw ensures that the backflow of raw materials from the working screw area is prevented, which additionally increases the efficiency of the machine.

The invention will be explained in more detail with the following exemplary embodiment.

Fig. 1:

eine Gesamtansicht der Zuordnung von Zubringerschnecken zur Arbeitsschnecke in schematischer Darstellung

Fig. 2:

die Lagerung einer Zubringerschnecke mit Zuordnung zur Arbeitsschnecke

Fig. 3:

eine Teilansicht nach Figur 2

Fig. 4:

den Doppelvorschneider

Fig. 5:

ein Messer mit dem eingesetzten Kunststoffbolzen

Fig. 6:

zwei zueinander gepaarte Messer

Fig. 7:

die Lagerung eines Messers im Lagerzapfen einer Zubringerschnecke

Fig. 8:

eine Schnittdarstellung des Doppelvorschneiders

Fig. 9:

die Anordnung mehrerer Schneidsatzteile im Übergabebereich

Fig. 10:

eine Ansicht auf zwei mit Schneidsatzteilen bestückte Zubringerschnecken

Fig. 11:

eine Doppellochscheibe.

The accompanying drawing shows in

Fig. 1:

an overall view of the assignment of feeder screws to the working screw in a schematic representation

Fig. 2:

the storage of a feed screw with assignment to the working screw

Fig. 3:

a partial view of Figure 2

Fig. 4:

the double pre-cutter

Fig. 5:

a knife with the inserted plastic bolt

Fig. 6:

two paired knives

Fig. 7:

the storage of a knife in the bearing journal of a feed screw

Fig. 8:

a sectional view of the double pre-cutter

Fig. 9:

the arrangement of several cutting set parts in the transfer area

Fig. 10:

a view of two feeder screws equipped with cutting set parts

Fig. 11:

a double perforated disc.

1 and 2 show the storage and arrangement of the feeder screws 1 to the work screw 2, and it is shown at the same time that a double pre-cutter 3 is arranged in the transfer region 11 from feed screws 1 to the work screw 2. The feeder screws 1 are mounted parallel to one another, their screw flights reach directly into the free spaces of the feeder screw 1 opposite each other and transport the wolf material to the transfer area 11 by means of the opposite rotational movement the pressure chamber 4, which is provided by appropriate installation elements in front of the transfer area or above the last screw flights of the feeder screws 1.

Immediately at the end of the feeder screws 1 is the double pre-cutter 3, which receives the journals of the feeder screws 1 via its bearing bushes 26. The support and storage of the double pre-cutter 3, as well as the knife 17 arranged upstream of the double pre-cutter 3, takes place via the filler and closure pieces 5.
From the illustrations it is clear that a large-volume space is present between the feeder screws 1 and the working screw 2 through the created transfer space 11, which completely transfers the pre-shredded wolf material to the working screw 2 and which is then conveyed through the pressure housing to the end cutting set.

The direct arrangement and configuration of the mounting of the feeder screws 1 is shown specifically in FIG. 2, individual details of the left mounting of the feeder screws 1 and also the drive being shown only schematically.
It is clear from this figure that the material to be wolfed is fed into the feed screw 7 in a very large area via the feed hopper 7, the feed screw 1 at the beginning, ie on the left side, having screw flights which are designed with a greater increase than the screw flights on the outlet side, in the transfer area 11 to the working screw 1. This reduction in the screw flights causes a certain compression of the raw material, this has a positive effect on the required pressure build-up of the raw material, which is still positively supported and influenced by the pressure chamber 4.

Also in this illustration it is clear that the feeder screws 1 lie with their axes in the plane of the work screw 1, so that storage from the feeder screws 1 to the work screw 2 is secured in one plane, which is supported by the filler and closure piece 5 or is guaranteed in terms of storage.
This filling and closing piece 5 is clamped over a bracket 9 by means of a quick-release fastener 8 such that this filling and closing piece 5 reaches over the worm screw 2 and at the same time acts on the double pre-cutter 3 and braces it. In the respective bearing point 6, the feeder screws 1 are supported with their axle journals and are also stored and positioned via the filler and closure piece 5. This special design of the storage and the presence of the transfer space 11 ensure that both a quick disassembly and assembly of the worm 2, the double pre-cutter 3 and the knife 17 is made possible.

The design of this transfer area 11 is shown again in FIG. 3 by a detailed view according to FIG. 2, and the assignment and assignment of the individual parts can be seen directly from this figure, the transfer area 11 and also the working space 10 of the working screw 2 being shown here and immediately is made clear.
The double pre-cutter 3 is shown in its entirety in FIG. 4, and it can be seen that the double pre-cutter 3 is designed as a so-called cutting plate 13, which preferably has a rectangular surface shape from which the double pre-cutter 3 was produced. The double pre-cutter has 3 cutter bars / support bars 15; 27 with the machined cutting edges 12 and has the necessary through openings 16, which are designed in terms of size and area to the rotary valves of the feeder screws 1. The double pre-cutter 3 is advantageously designed with three cutter bars / support beams 15; 27, the support beams 27 directed towards one another being designed in an expanded form, that is to say having a larger area, and thus imparting the necessary support and stability to the cutting plate 13 within this area .
Furthermore, the support plate 13 has central bores 14 which are equipped with separate bearing bushes 26 in order not only to give the feeder screws 1 adequate support but also good running properties in this area and likewise to provide a support effect for the knives 17 arranged in front of the double pre-cutter 3.

The knives 17 are specially designed, as can be seen from FIG. 5.
In the usual way, this knife 17 has knife bars 18 with associated cutting edges 28, these knife bars 18 being particularly configured in relation to the circumference, in that they result in a support ring 19 in the form of a segment. The cutter bars 18 run from the center to the outside in a convex manner and form a tapering tip with the outside diameter of the cutter 17.
The support ring 19 formed in this manner in segments has blind holes on its circumference and on this surface area, into which pin-like plastic bolts 20 are inserted.
The arrangement or installation of the knives 17 for the double pre-cutter 3 takes place in such a way that these plastic bolts 20 come to rest on the end face of the double pre-cutter 3 and, due to their material nature, ensure that the knives 17 on the double pre-cutter 3 are worn with little wear.
The direct assignment and manner of installation of two knives 17 is shown in FIG. 6, from which it becomes clear that the knives 17 are likewise arranged in one axis when in use, but are offset from one another by certain angles. As a result of the opposite direction of rotation of the knives 17 and the pressure-demanding transfer of the wolf material from the feeder screws 1 via the double pre-cutter 3 to the knives 17, it immediately follows that a knife 17 is mounted at an angle of ϑ 70 ° to the vertical and the second knife 17 under one An angle β of 40 ° to the vertical is arranged, with the central axes of the cutter bolts 18 forming an inclusion angle α 25, which has a dimension of α ∼ 30 to 50 °, with this angular offset advantageously being 30 °.
The hatched area in the illustration of the left-hand knife 17 is designated by 24 and is intended at the same time to represent the rotary slide valve of the feed screw 1 arranged in front of it. The direct assignment of feeder screws 1 to the double pre-cutter 3 and the upstream knives 17, especially the assignment of the outlet part, the rotary valve 24 of the respective feeder screw 1, has already been mentioned above.

The direct arrangement and configuration of the storage area of the double pre-cutter 3 and the knife 17 with the respective feed screw 1 can be seen in FIG. 7. It is shown that a pressure piece 23 is inserted in the screw core 22 of the feed screw 1, which is resilient via corresponding tension springs 21 is stored. The immediate tensioning of the double pre-cutter 3, the knives 17 with the respective feed screw 1 then takes place via the filler and closure piece 5 to be used, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, with a positive connection of the knives 17 to the feeder screws 1 being provided via a groove 29.

FIG. 8 shows a cross section through the double cutter 3 in a sectional view, from which it can be seen how the bearing bushes 26 are arranged in the double pre-cutter 3.

Regarding the procedure, it should also be stated that the loading of the comminution material via the hopper 7 onto the feeder screws 1 is a longitudinal distribution, which at the same time ensures a multi-chamber distribution, whereby there is a uniform load on the entire machine.
Due to the special design of the storage of the feeder screws 1 with the respectively assigned spring-mounted knife 17, the operative connection between the cutting plate 13, the double pre-cutter 3, is secured with the filler and closure piece 5. The knives 17 arranged at the above-mentioned angles follow the rotary slide valves 24 of the feeder screws 1 in the operating state and ensure quality cutting, which is also ensured by the resilient mounting on the bearing journal. When the tension springs 21 are pressed against the cutters 17 arranged in a form-fitting manner in the last worm gear of the feeder screws 1, a tension is generated which acts as a shear force between the double pre-cutter 3 and the knives 17, which is achieved in that the filler and closure piece 5 the double pre-cutter 3 presses completely against the stop and the springs 21 tensioned behind the pressure piece 23, whereby the knives 17 are also pressed against the double pre-cutter 3. When the filling and closing piece 5 is in the end position, the knives 17 are completely accommodated in the driving grooves 28 of the last screw flights of the feeder screws 1 and thus transmit the rotating movements of these two feeder screws 1 and cause the knife rotation to the stationary double pre-cutter 3.
By rotating the two feed screws 1 towards one another, the raw material is pressed in the center with the parallel rotary valves 24 into the through openings 16 of the double pre-cutter 3 and cut off by the associated knives 17. This results in relatively uniform raw material parts which can be easily taken up by the respective screw chambers of the working screw 1, in which the raw material is transported to the subsequent cutting set in order to be subjected to a final comminution there.

With the representations according to Figures 9 and 10 it is made clear that with the cutting and / or storage system according to the invention for feeder screws 1 a solution has been created to equip food chopping machines, meat mincers and machines which work on the wolf principle with simple and multi-part cutting sets and various Bring working levels into line. This is shown in particular in FIG. 9, in which the arrangement of a double pre-cutter 3, a knife 17 and a perforated disk 30 are shown in the transfer area. The formation of a double perforated disk 30 is shown in FIG. 11. Another major advantage of the new solution is that it can be combined with one another. This means that the solution allows the design of a cutting and storage system, but also only the design as a storage system.

Claims (10)

Cutting and / or storage systems for food comminution machines that work according to the wolf principle, especially for automatic grinders, with feeder and work screws that are mounted and driven in succession and in several axes, the feeder screws being parallel to one another and rotating in opposite directions, characterized in that Between the feeder screws (1) and an arranged working screw (2), all lying in one plane, a transfer area (11) is provided, in which a cutting system consisting of a double pre-cutter (3) with assigned knives (17) and perforated disks (30 ), which is clamped over a filler and closure piece (5) overlapping the working screw (2) and the filler and closure piece (5) is assigned a quick-release fastener (8). Cutting and / or storage systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the double pre-cutter (3) and the double perforated disc (30) each consist of a cutting plate (13) and in this cutting plate (13) of the double pre-cutter (3) the pre-cutters, the double pre-cutter (3) and the same-designed knife and support beams, are mounted on one level (15; 27) has that the knife bars (15) have cutting edges, the knife and support bars (15; 27) are provided at an angle of 120 ° in the cutting plate (13) and the two directly opposite support bars (27) are designed in an expiring form to the outer waistband. Cutting and / or storage systems according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the knives (17) have two or more knife bars (18) to which support rings (19) are formed, which are segment-like in their circumference, the cutting-side surfaces of which are arranged in the form of pin holes in blind holes Plastic bolts (20) are provided, which also act as sliding aids. Cutting and / or storage systems according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the knives (17) on the trunnions of the feeder screws (1) and to the double pre-cutter (3) are each arranged at an angle to the vertical of ϑ = 70 ° and β = 40 ° and their knife bar axes (18) have an angle (25 ) form, whose angular dimension is α = 30 to 50 ° or 30 °. Cutting and / or storage systems according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the screw cores (22) of the feeder screws (1) via tension springs (21), thrust pieces (23), the double pre-cutter (3) and the upstream knives (17), which tension the feeder screws (1) and are arranged resiliently. Cutting and / or storage systems according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the quick-release fastener (8) clamps the filler and closure piece (5) overlapping the work screw and a work space (10) is provided between the filler and closure piece (5) of the work screw (2). Cutting and / or storage systems according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pre-cutter (3) has a bearing bush (26) in its center bores (14) assigned. Cutting and / or storage systems according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the knives (17) for rotary valves (24) of the feeder screws (1) are arranged at a caster angle of 70 ° or 40 ° and the spring-mounted knives (17) with the double pre-cutter (3), the filler and closure piece (5) and the feeder screws (1) are related. Cutting and / or storage systems according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the knives (17) are arranged offset from one another and, like two toothed wheels, rotate in an interlocking manner. Cutting and storage systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting system is designed as a multi-part cutting set and one or more perforated disks (30) and knives (17) are assigned to the double pre-cutter (3) and the knives (17).

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