EP0813613B1 - Procede de fabrication de fils en acier - fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication de fils en acier - fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible Download PDFInfo
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- EP0813613B1 EP0813613B1 EP96906800A EP96906800A EP0813613B1 EP 0813613 B1 EP0813613 B1 EP 0813613B1 EP 96906800 A EP96906800 A EP 96906800A EP 96906800 A EP96906800 A EP 96906800A EP 0813613 B1 EP0813613 B1 EP 0813613B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- steel
- equal
- hrc
- mpa
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
Definitions
- the present invention relates to elongated elements of great length, such as steel wires to reinforce flexible pipes intended for the transport of effluent under pressure.
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing these reinforcing threads, the wires obtained by the process and the flexible pipes which include such wires reinforcement in their structure.
- sealing is provided by one or more polymer sheaths, mechanical resistance to internal and external pressure and to external mechanical stress, is produced by one or more layers of armor constituted by steel wires or profiles having a specific profile.
- the flexible tube comprises at least one of the following armor plies: a carcass of resistance to external pressure in wires or profiles placed at an angle close to 90 ° relative to the axis. a sheet of resistance to internal pressure (called vault) laid at an angle greater than 55 °, the elongated elements of the carcass and the vault preferably being staplable wires, and at least one layer of armor of tensile strength installed at an angle of less than 55 °.
- a carcass of resistance to external pressure in wires or profiles placed at an angle close to 90 ° relative to the axis.
- a sheet of resistance to internal pressure (called vault) laid at an angle greater than 55 °
- the elongated elements of the carcass and the vault preferably being staplable wires
- at least one layer of armor of tensile strength installed at an angle of less than 55 °.
- the vault and the tensile armor are replaced by two layers of symmetrical armor reinforced at an angle of about 55 °, or by two pairs of layers reinforced at 55 °, or by a set of at least at least two plies, the winding angle of at least one ply being less than 55 ° and the winding angle of at least one other ply being greater than 55 °.
- the steel of the wires making up the armor must be chosen in such a way that these wires, given their cross-section, provide the mechanical resistance necessary in service, at the same time as they resist corrosion, in particular in certain cases in the presence of H 2 S.
- These steel wires can have profiles, that is to say straight sections, various: substantially flat or flat, U-shaped, T-shaped, Z-shaped, with or without hooking means on a neighboring, or circular, wire.
- NACE standards have been provided to assess the suitability of a steel structural element to be used in the presence of H 2 S.
- the steels must undergo a test on a representative sample, under stress in H 2 S medium with a pH 2.8 to 3.4 (NACE Test Method TM 0177 relating to stress cracking effects, commonly known as "Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking" or SSCC), to be considered as usable in the manufacture of metallic structures which must resist the effects of corrosion under stress in the presence of H 2 S.
- HIC hydrogen-induced cracking effects
- the test procedure recommended by the above standard consists in exposing samples, without voltage, in a seawater solution saturated with H 2 S, at ambient temperature and pressure, at a pH between 4, 8 and 5.4. The procedure plans to then carry out metallographic examinations to quantify the cracking of the samples, or to note the absence of cracking.
- An additional criterion for evaluating the damage to the samples may be the determination of the mechanical characteristics after the HIC test. This criterion does not appear in the NACE TM 0284 standard.
- the armouring wires of the hoses are produced with mild or semi-hard carbon-manganese steels (0.15 to 0.50% carbon) having a ferrite-perlite structure, to which, after cold forming of the wire rod, an appropriate annealing heat treatment is applied to bring the hardness to the accepted value, if necessary.
- the NACE 0175 standard defines that such carbon-manganese steels are compatible with an H 2 S medium if they have a hardness less than or equal to 22 HRC. It has thus been verified that armor wires as described above, made of carbon-manganese steel and having a ferrite-pearlite structure, can be produced by cold forming followed by annealing so as to satisfy the traditional NACE criteria.
- the steels and the production methods used to make the armouring wires for the hoses must be such that the forming wire can be produced in very large continuous lengths, of the order of several hundred meters or several kilometers.
- the wire thus manufactured is wound on spools for its subsequent use to produce the armor plies of the hoses.
- a heat treatment is to be provided after welding. But it is important, in order not to excessively overload the manufacturing costs, that this heat treatment after welding makes it possible to achieve the goal set in a sufficiently short time, a few minutes if possible. preferably less than 30 minutes.
- the object of the present invention is to describe a process for obtaining an elongated element of great length intended for the manufacture of flexible tube, the elongated element having optimized mechanical characteristics as well as, in an application according to the invention , good resistance to H 2 S.
- the amount of ferrite will preferably be low, in particular less or equal to 10%, and advantageously less than or equal to 1%.
- the carbon content C can be greater than or equal to 0.08%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.12% and the steel may have at most 0.4 Si.
- the forming wire can be produced by cold forming, in particular by rolling or drawing from a wire rod.
- the wire rod could be hot rolled with controlled cooling, for example of the STELMOR type, so as to drive at values of Rm lower than 850 MPa.
- Rm the number of wire rods having a Rm value greater than 850 MPa.
- the shaped wire can also be obtained directly by hot rolling.
- the tensile strength Rm of the wire will preferably also be less than 850 MPa, either after rolling or after a softening annealing in order to facilitate the operations of handling the elongated element, before or during the operations of quenching.
- the process thus normally includes a preliminary forming step to hot, either from a wire rod subsequently transformed into a form wire by forming cold, either directly from the form wire.
- the wire thus formed hot has a predominantly ferritic-pearlitic structure, but may include hard areas, such as martensite.
- the steel Preferably. before any operation subsequent cold forming and / or quenching, the steel must have a limit of rupture Rm less than 850 MPa, this property being obtainable. is directly after hot forming, either through an annealing-softening treatment.
- the quenching operation can be carried out continuously in the process.
- the process may include, in addition to said quenching, a treatment thermal expansion.
- the HRC hardness limitation must be higher or equal to 32, and preferably greater than or equal to 35, must be respected after the relaxation treatment.
- the relaxation treatment can be carried out in a bundle in an oven.
- the quenching and the said stress relief treatment can be carried out on parade, preferably online, which allows the production of very long wires necessary for the production of flexible armor plies.
- Such a steel, containing a limited content of Cr and / or Mo can possibly not contain any other alloying element or dispersoid.
- the steel contains a little dispersoid, such as vanadium, titanium or niobium, in particular for low carbon steels, the carbon content being equal to or greater than 0.05%.
- the vanadium content can be limited to a low value so as to avoid too long annealing time after welding, preferably the vanadium content will be less than or equal to 0.10%.
- the carbon content of the steel can be greater than or equal to 0.4%, while remaining less than 0.8%, and correspond to a standard hard or semi-hard carbon-manganese steel, classic in wire drawing or cables. without the addition of an alloying element such as Cr or Mo.
- the steel may possibly contain a small amount of dispersoid, such as can be found commonly found in commercial steels. Such steels can be included in the range of steel FM40 to FM80. according to AFNOR standard.
- the quenching heat treatment may include passage through an oven austenitization at a temperature above the AC3 point of the steel grade of the wire. then in a zone of quenching in a fluid of drasticity adapted at the same time to the shade steel and the size of the wires, the temperature and the residence time being adapted according to the grade to obtain a grain size between the indices 5 and 12, and advantageously between indices 8 and 11, according to standard NF 04102.
- the structure obtained after quenching can be predominantly martensitic with a percentage between 0 and 50% lower bainite or predominantly lower bainite with a percentage between 0 and 50% martensite.
- the bainite is in the lower bainite state and not higher bainite.
- the structure can contain only a small amount of ferrite.
- the production process can end with the quenching operation. of preference followed by a relaxation treatment.
- the wire thus obtained may not be able to withstand H 2 S under certain operating conditions, but it can be very advantageously used as armouring wire for flexible conduits thanks to its excellent optimized mechanical properties, in particular by the combination of a high mechanical strength and a ductility higher than that which can be obtained with known methods.
- the rupture limit Rm can reach 1000 to 1600 MPa, equal to or greater than that of the most resistant armor wires currently known, and the elongation at break can be greater than 5%, possibly greater than 10% and possibly exceeding 15% in some cases. Whereas for known steel wires having a level of resistance comparable to the work hardened state, these have an elongation at break not exceeding 5%.
- the method may include, after the quenching heat treatment, optionally supplemented by an expansion treatment, a final heat treatment of tempering under determined conditions to obtain a hardness greater than or equal to 20 HRC and less than or equal to 35 HRC.
- the conditions of the final tempering treatment can be adapted so as to obtain a hardness less than or equal to 28 HRC, compatible with operating conditions which can provide an environment with a pH close to 3.
- a steel according to the present invention does not exhibit blistering or crack in HIC tests, and furthermore does not show cracking when subjected to tests according to standard NACE 0177 (SSCC) with a tensile stress at less than 60% of the elastic limit and up to approximately 90% of this last.
- SSCC standard NACE 0177
- the final income can be made at the parade, online or separate.
- the final income can be made in a bundle in an oven.
- the tempering temperature can be at most equal to a lower temperature from about 10 ° C to 30 ° C relative to the AC temperature at the start of austenitization of steel, in order to avoid excessive coalescence of carbide which could lead to a decrease in characteristics.
- the wire is wound on a spool so that it can be subsequently mounted on a spiral or armeuse for the manufacture of armor of the flexible driving.
- the content of alloying elements while being low, must be sufficient to obtain after quenching a predominantly martensitic or bainitic structure with little ferrite (we can thus, in the most favorable cases, obtain a structure containing nearly 100% martensite and commonly, at least 90% martensite and bainite).
- This process reduces manufacturing costs. It also allows to obtain wires with the shape of larger sections than cold rolling.
- the invention thus makes it possible to produce a shaped wire having after quenching a relatively homogeneous martensitic or bainitic structure throughout the thickness of the wire, despite the increase in the thickness of the wire.
- We can thus obtain, in the most favorable cases, up to approximately 100% martensite. content total in martensite and bainite being commonly, at least equal to 90%.
- cold forming comprising at least two stages successive cold processing, an intermediate processing operation thermal is carried out between the first and the last cold transformation step.
- the intermediate heat treatment operation can be carried out between a preliminary drawing operation and the beginning of rolling. or between two passes successive lamination.
- Such an intermediate intermediate heat treatment can be carried out various ways known in metallurgy, so as to lower the mechanical strength, preferably below 850 MPa, and to recover the ductility allowing the cold processing.
- the invention also relates to a wire of constant cross-section shape and very long, suitable for use as the armor wire of a flexible pipe according to two variants defined in claims 20 and 21.
- Tempered bainitic martensitic type steel the tempering may be more or less pronounced, especially such as a trigger income, so that the thread obtained has the ductility necessary for its subsequent use as a wire armor, or as a quality income making the wire suitable for use in the presence of H2S.
- the bainitic martensitic structure is predominantly martensitic with a percentage between 0 and 50% of bainite inferior or predominantly lower bainite with a percentage between 0 and 50% of martensite.
- the structure may contain only a small amount of ferrite.
- the wire can have a hardness greater than 20 HRC.
- the size of the austenitic grain lies between indices 5 and 12, and advantageously between indices 8 and 11. according to standard NF 04102.
- the form wire can have a section having at least one of the forms following general: U, T, Z, rectangular or round.
- the section of the form wire can have a width L and a thickness e. and to have the following proportions: L / e greater than 1 and less than 7.
- the thickness may vary between 1 mm and 20 mm, up to 30 mm.
- the profile of the form wire may include means for hooking with a wire adjacent.
- the carbon content C can be greater than or equal to 0.08%, preferably greater than or equal to 0.12% and the steel may contain at most 0.4% of Si.
- the steel may for example contain from 0.12% to 0.35% of C.
- the carbon content steel may be greater than or equal to 0.4%, while remaining less than 0.8%, and correspond to a standard carbon-manganese hard or semi-hard steel, classic in wire or cable drawing, without adding any alloying element such as Cr or Mo, with possibly a small amount of dispersoid.
- Such steels can be understood in the FM40 to FM80 steel range, according to the AFNOR standard.
- the shaped wire according to the invention can have an HRC hardness greater than or equal to 32, preferably greater than or equal to 35.
- the wire thus obtained may not be able to resist H 2 S under certain operating conditions, but it can be used very advantageously as armouring wire for flexible pipes thanks to its excellent optimized mechanical properties, in particular by the combination of high mechanical strength and ductility greater than that which can be obtained with known methods.
- the breaking limit Rm can reach 1000 to 1600 MPa., Preferably greater than or equal to 1200 MPa.
- Such a wire can advantageously be used to make the armor of hoses intended for the transport of weakly corrosive crude oil ("sweet crude”), degassed oil (“dead oil”) or water.
- the process for producing such a wire can end in a quenching operation, preferably followed by an expansion treatment.
- the shaped wire according to the invention can have an HRC hardness greater than or equal to 20, preferably less than or equal to 35.
- the wire thus obtained can have properties of resistance to H 2 S under the operating conditions described above, in particular following HIC tests in very acidic medium (pH close to 2.8 or 3).
- the mechanical resistance Rm can be of the order of 700 to 900 MPa under a pH close to 3 and can reach at least 1100 MPa with a higher pH.
- the stress applied in the SSCC tests according to NACE, with a pH close to 2.8 can be at least 400 MPa and can reach 600 MPa.
- the allowable stresses may be higher, up to approximately 90% of the Elastic limit.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to form steel wires of the type tempered martensite-bainite whose structure has carbide nodules extremely fine in a state of very great dispersion in a ferrite matrix issue by income from a martensite-bainite structure. It is interesting to compare this steel to other steels already offered or used to make armouring wires intended for the same use, such as steels obtained by spheroidization treatment from of a hardened ferrite-perlite structure, these steels also comprising elements of carbide in a ferritic matrix.
- the spheroidized carbide elements of these steels are considerably less fine and less dispersed than in the case of steel according to invention, which clearly identifies the difference between the two types of material.
- the superior properties of form wire according to the invention in terms of mechanical resistance and compatibility with H2S, by comparison with the wires of the prior art, in particular in spheroidized steel, can have a relationship to having a much finer nodular structure and scattered.
- the invention has the particular advantage that from the same batches of wire rod and by carrying out the same quenching operations. optionally expansion, one can produce, depending on the needs, either steel wires which are very mechanically resistant but do not sometimes have the required properties of resistance to H 2 S, or wires which are resistant to H 2 S even in the most severe conditions.
- the production range ends with the quenching operation. preferably followed by relaxation.
- the manufacturing range is continued by an additional final income stage.
- the invention can be applied to a flexible tube for transporting an effluent comprising H 2 S, the tube possibly comprising at least one layer of reinforcements of reinforcement under pressure and / or under tension comprising wires form according to the invention.
- 15 mm diameter circular section wires were produced from a chromium-molybdenum type steel conforming to grade 30CD4 of the AFNOR standard (equivalent to the ASTM 4130 standard in correspondence with the number UNS G41300).
- the quenching operation was carried out at the parade at the speed of 1.8 m / minute with high frequency induction heating to 980 ° C-1000 ° C, then oil quenching.
- the expansion treatment was carried out in the oven for hours at 180 ° C.
- the grain size corresponds to an index 8 of standard NF 04.102.
- post-weld tempering temperatures should be higher than that of metal tempering and below the start temperature austenitization AC1, preferably 20 to 30 ° C lower than AC1.
- a wire was made having a T section (height 14 mm, width 25 mm). After a process of quenching in the procession and a treatment of relaxation, the wire has a hardness 40 HRC.
- the tempering was carried out at a speed of 15 m / minute by medium frequency induction heating at different powers leading to the following mechanical characteristics as a function of the temperature measured at the output of the heating coil: T self output (° C) 680 700 710 HRC hardness 29 28 26
- the grain size corresponds to an index 8 of standard NF 04.102.
- Tempering in the oven for about 4 hours was carried out at temperatures 510 ° C, 525 ° C and 540 ° C to obtain the hardnesses of 26, 24 and 22 HRC.
- the SSCC test is satisfied according to the hardness (22 to 26 HRC) under a constraint between 400 and 450 MPa.
- the grain size corresponds to an index 11 of standard NF 04.102.
- SSCC type stress corrosion tests according to the standard NACE TM 0177 could reach a duration of 720 hours without the appearance of a break nor crack.
- the stress reached 90% of the elastic limit, i.e. 652 MPa, the pH being 3.5.
- the pH was very low 2.7, the applied stress being 600 MPa, or 83% of the elastic limit.
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Wire Processing (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Cable Installation (AREA)
- Fencing (AREA)
Description
- des soufflures sous la surface de l'acier ("Hydrogen Blistering", on parle alors de "Blister"), ou des fissurations internes (dites en gradin), pouvant apparaítre en l'absence de contraintes et pouvant être aggravées en présence de contraintes résiduelles,
- une fragilisation résultant en ruptures différées dans le cas où l'acier est mis sous contraintes (corrosion sous contraintes par l'hydrogène).
- on fabrique un fil de forme de grande longueur par laminage ou tréfilage à
partir d'un acier comportant les éléments suivants :
- de 0,05% à 0,8% de C,
- de 0,4% à 1,5% de Mn, de préférence moins de 1% de Mn,
- de 0 à 2,5% de Cr, entre 0,25 et 1,3%,
- de 0,1% à 0,6% de Si,
- de 0 à 1% de Mo,
- au plus 0,50% de Ni,
- au plus 0.02% de S et de P, et de préférence S inférieur ou égal à 0,005%,
- avec éventuellement, en complément de l'action du Si, un calmage avec de l'aluminium ou du silico-calcium,
- on effectue un traitement thermique comprenant au moins une opération de trempe du fil de forme dans des conditions déterminées pour obtenir une dureté HRC supérieure ou égale à 32 et de préférence supérieure ou égale à 35, et pouvant avantageusement atteindre ou dépasser 50,
- la structure de l'acier du fil de forme ainsi obtenu étant à prédominance martensitique-bainitique.
- entre 0,1% et 2,5% de Cr, de préférence entre 0,25 et 1,3%,
- entre 0,1% et 1% de Mo,
- au défilé entre 300 et 550°C, la vitesse étant adaptée à la section du fil de façon à obtenir la dureté selon la présente invention, supérieure ou égale à 32 HRC,
- en botte dans un four entre 150 et 300°C.
- Formage du fil par transformation à froid:
- Formage du fil par laminage à chaud:
- entre 0,1% et 2,5% de Cr, de préférence entre 0,25 et 1,3%.
- entre 0,1% et 1% de Mo.
C : 0,30% Mn: 0,46% Cr: 0,90% Si : 0,32% Mo : 0,18% Ni : 0,12% S=0,003% P=0,009%
Temp.(°C) | 600 | 620 | 645 | 655 | 675 |
Dureté HRC | 30 | 28 | 26 | 24 | 22 |
Contrainte de tension | Caractéristiques de l'acier (en fonction du revenu) | ||
T (MPa) | HRC | Re (MPa) | Rm (MPa) |
500 | 22 | 650-680 | 760-800 |
550 | 24 | 680-700 | 800-830 |
450 | 26 | 700-750 | 830-860 |
CLR=0% | CTR=0% | CSR=0% |
C=0,31%, Mn=0,66%, Si=0,23%, Cr= 1,02%, Mo=0,22%, Ni=0,24%, S=0,010%, P=0,009%,
HRC | Re (MPa) | Rm (MPa) |
23 | 675 | 790 |
24 | 715 | 815 |
25 | 740 | 854 |
C :0,14% Mn :0,74% Cr :1,095% Si :0,203%
Mo :0,246% Ni :0,24% S=0,006% P=0,008%
- Traitement de revenu au four :
HRC | Re | Rm | A (%) | |||
Z (%) | ||||||
Après détente, avant revenu final : | ||||||
40 | Avant HIC | 1140 | 1230 | 18 | 81 | |
Après HIC | 1100 | 1177 | 18.4 | 77 | ||
Après revenu final : | ||||||
570°C | 28 | Avant HIC | 790 | 850 | 24 | 85 |
Après HIC | 800 | 861 | 22 | 67 | ||
600°C | 26 | Avant HIC | 740 | 830 | 26 | 66 |
Après HIC | 750 | 792 | 23 | 72 | ||
630°C | 24 | Avant HIC | 720 | 796 | 28 | 64 |
Après HIC | 670 | 746 | 24 | 70 | ||
640°C | 22 | Avant HIC | 700 | 781 | 30 | 82 |
Après HIC | 640 | 731 | 24 | 76 |
- Traitement de revenu au défilé :
T sortie self (°C) | 680 | 700 | 710 |
Dureté HRC | 29 | 28 | 26 |
CLR=0% | CTR=0% | CSR=0% |
C=0,35%, Mn=0,75%, Si=0,26%, Cr=0,35%
S=0,02%, P=0,02%, sans addition de molybdène ni de nickel.
- Traitement de revenu au four :
Temp. de revenu | 450°C | 500°C | 550°C | 600°C |
HRC | 27,3 | 27,2 | 26,1 | 22 |
HRC | Re | Rm | A (%) | |
27 | Avant HIC | 730 | 890 | 16 |
Après HIC | 730 | 890 | 14,5 | |
22 | Avant HIC | 705 | 780 | 18 |
Après HIC | 710 | 780 | 20 |
- Traitement de revenu au défilé :
HRC | Re (MPa) | Rm (MPa) |
23 | 700 | 790 |
24 | 720 | 805 |
25 | 740 | 825 |
C=0,33%, Mn=0,73%, Si=0,21%, Cr=0,34%
S=0,015%, P=0,007%,
Claims (28)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un fil en acier adapté à être utilisé comme fil d'armure d'un flexible comportant les étapes suivantes :on fabrique un fil de forme de grande longueur par laminage ou tréfilage aux dimensions finales à partir d'un acier comportant essentiellement les éléments suivants :de 0,05% à 0,8% de C,de 0,4% à 1,5% de Mn,de 0 à 2,5% de Cr,de 0,1% à 0,6% de Si,de 0 à 1% de Mo,au plus 0,50% de Ni,au plus 0,02% de S et de P,on effectue des traitements thermiques, ledit fil ayant une limite de rupture Rm qui ne dépasse pas 1600 MPa après les traitements thermiques, caractérisé en ce queon effectue un premier traitement thermique comprenant au moins une opération de trempe du fil de forme, suivie éventuellement d'un traitement thermique de détente, dans des conditions déterminées pour obtenir une dureté HRC supérieure ou égale à 32, et une structure de l'acier dudit fil à prédominance martensitique-bainitique,on effectue éventuellement à la suite du premier traitement thermique un traitement thermique final de revenu.
- Procédé selon la revendication l, tel que la dureté après ledit premier traitement thermique est supérieure ou égale à 35 HRC.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel que le fil de forme est obtenu par transformation à froid d'un fil machine et tel que ledit fil machine est fabriqué et/ou traité thermiquement de façon à obtenir une valeur de Rm inférieure à environ 850 MPa.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, tel que le fil de forme est obtenu directement par laminage à chaud, éventuellement suivi par une opération de recuit d'adoucissement de façon à obtenir une valeur de Rm dudit fil de forme inférieure à environ 850 MPa.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel que l'opération de trempe est réalisée en continu au défilé.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel que ledit premier traitement thermique comporte un traitement de détente en complément de ladite trempe.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel que ledit traitement de détente est effectué en botte dans un four.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, tel que ladite trempe et ledit traitement de détente sont effectués au défilé.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel que ledit acier comporte :au plus 0,45% de C,entre 0,1% et 2,5% de Cr,entre 0,1% et 1% de Mo.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, tel que ledit acier comporte :entre 0,40% et 0,8% de C,pas de quantité utile de Cr et de Mo,éventuellement des dispersoïdes en quantité faible.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel que ladite trempe comporte le passage dans un four d'austénitisation à une température supérieure au point AC3 de l'acier, puis dans une zone de trempe avec un fluide de drasticité adaptée à la nuance d'acier et à la taille des fils.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, tel que les températures dudit traitement de détente sont :entre 300 et 550°C en traitement au défilé,entre 150 et 300°C en traitement en botte dans un four.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, tel qu'il comporte, postérieurement au premier traitement thermique, un traitement thermique final de revenu dans des conditions déterminées pour obtenir une dureté supérieure ou égale à 20 HRC et inférieure ou égale à 35 HRC.
- Procédé selon la revendication 13, tel que la dureté est inférieure ou égale à 28 HRC.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, tel que le revenu final est effectué au défilé.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 14, tel que le revenu final est effectué en botte dans un four.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 16, tel que la température dudit revenu final est au plus égale à une température inférieure d'environ 10°C à 30°C par rapport à la température AC1 de début d'austénitisation de l'acier.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, tel que ledit acier comporte de 0,08% à 0,8% de C et Si inférieur ou égal à 0,4.
- Procédé selon la revendication 18, tel que ledit acier comporte de 0,12% à 0,8% de C.
- Fil de forme de grande longueur et de section constante, adapté à être utilisé comme fil d'armure d'un flexible, et présentant une limite de rupture Rm qui ne dépasse pas 1600 MPa, fabriqué à partir d'un acier comportant essentiellement les éléments suivants :au plus 0,45% de C,de 0,4% à 1,5% de Mn,de 0,1% à 0,6% de Si,au plus 0,50% de Ni,au plus 0,02% de S et de P,Cr et/ou Mo, caractérisé en ce que l'acier comporteentre 0,1% et 2,5% de Cr,entre 0,1% et 1% de Mo,
- Fil de forme de grande longueur et de section constante, adapté à être utilisé comme fil d'armure d'un flexible, et présentant une limite de rupture Rm qui ne dépasse pas 1600 MPa fabriqué à partir d'un acier comportant essentiellement les éléments suivants :de 0,40% à 0,8% de C,de 0,4% à 1,5% de Mn,de 0,1% à 0,6% de Si,au plus 0,50% de Niau plus 0,02% de S et de P,pas de quantité utile de Cr et de Mo,éventuellement une quantité faible de dispersoïdes,
- Fil de forme selon l'une des revendications 20 ou 21, tel qu'il a une dureté HRC supérieure ou égale à 20.
- Fil de forme selon l'une des revendications 20 à 22, tel qu'il a une dureté supérieure ou égale à 32 HRC, une valeur de Rm supérieure à 1000 MPa et un allongement à la rupture supérieur ou égal à 5%.
- Fil de forme selon l'une des revendications 20 à 22, tel qu'il a une dureté supérieure ou égale à 20 HRC et inférieure ou égale à 35 HRC, et une Rm supérieure à 700 MPa.
- Fil de forme selon l'une des revendications 20 à 24, tel que le profil de la section comporte des moyens d'accrochage avec un fil adjacent.
- Fil de forme selon la revendication 20, tel que ledit acier comporte de 0,08% à 0,4% de C et Si inférieur ou égal à 0,4.
- Fil de forme selon la revendication 26, tel que ledit acier comporte de 0,12% à 0,35% de C.
- Tube flexible pour le transport d'un effluent comportant de l'H2S, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une couche d'armures de renfort à la pression et/ou à la traction comportant des fils de forme selon l'une des revendications 20 à 27.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9503093A FR2731371B1 (fr) | 1995-03-10 | 1995-03-10 | Procede de fabrication de fils en acier - fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible |
FR9503093 | 1995-03-10 | ||
PCT/FR1996/000363 WO1996028575A1 (fr) | 1995-03-10 | 1996-03-08 | Procede de fabrication de fils en acier - fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0813613A1 EP0813613A1 (fr) | 1997-12-29 |
EP0813613B1 true EP0813613B1 (fr) | 1999-09-15 |
Family
ID=9477109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96906800A Expired - Lifetime EP0813613B1 (fr) | 1995-03-10 | 1996-03-08 | Procede de fabrication de fils en acier - fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5922149A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0813613B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4327247B2 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE184657T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU715625B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9607231A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69604279D1 (fr) |
DK (1) | DK0813613T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2731371B1 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO321040B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1996028575A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3094652A1 (fr) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-09 | Technip France | Procédé de fabrication d’un fil d’armure d’une ligne flexible de transport de fluide et fil d’armure et ligne flexible issus d’un tel procédé |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2753206B1 (fr) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-11-06 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de fabrication de fils en acier auto-trempant, fils de forme et application a une conduite flexible |
FR2775050B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-18 | 2000-03-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Conduite flexible pour une utilisation statique en ambiance corrosive |
FR2802607B1 (fr) * | 1999-12-15 | 2002-02-01 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Conduite flexible comportant des armures en acier bas carbone |
JP3585034B2 (ja) | 2000-12-14 | 2004-11-04 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 高強度レース及びその製造方法 |
FR2866352B3 (fr) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-12-16 | Trefileurope | Fil de forme en acier trempe-revenu pour conduites en mer |
FR2945099B1 (fr) | 2009-05-04 | 2011-06-03 | Technip France | Procede de fabrication d'une conduite tubulaire flexible de grande longueur |
WO2011050810A1 (fr) | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-05 | Nkt Flexibles I/S | Tuyau flexible et procédé de production d'un tuyau flexible |
CN102762906B (zh) | 2009-12-15 | 2016-03-09 | 国民油井华高丹麦公司 | 未粘合软管和提高其加固长度段的刚性的方法 |
CA2785256C (fr) | 2009-12-28 | 2018-02-27 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Tuyau flexible a structure non liee |
WO2011141033A1 (fr) | 2010-05-12 | 2011-11-17 | Nkt Flexibles I/S | Tuyau flexible à structure non liée |
FR2960556B3 (fr) | 2010-05-31 | 2012-05-11 | Arcelormittal Wire France | Fil de forme en acier a hautes caracteristiques mecaniques resistant a la fragilisation par l'hydrogene |
AU2011278783B2 (en) | 2010-07-14 | 2014-09-04 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | An unbonded flexible pipe |
US9458956B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2016-10-04 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Flexible armored pipe |
BR112013018149A2 (pt) | 2011-01-20 | 2020-07-28 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I / S | tubo flexível |
US10001228B2 (en) | 2011-06-17 | 2018-06-19 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Unbonded flexible pipe |
CA2866402C (fr) | 2012-03-13 | 2020-04-14 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Tuyau flexible non encolle, dote d'une couche contenant des fibres optiques |
US10113673B2 (en) | 2012-03-13 | 2018-10-30 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Reinforcement element for an unbonded flexible pipe |
EP2836753B1 (fr) | 2012-04-12 | 2018-08-01 | National Oilwell Varco Denmark I/S | Procédé de fabrication d'un tuyau flexible non collé et tuyau flexible non collé |
US20150144234A1 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2015-05-28 | Gary M. Cola, JR. | Microtreatment of carbide containing iron-based alloy and articles resulting therefrom |
DK177627B1 (en) | 2012-09-03 | 2013-12-16 | Nat Oilwell Varco Denmark Is | An unbonded flexible pipe |
WO2015097349A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | Arcelormittal Wire France | Fil laminé à froid en acier à haute résistance à la fatigue et à la fragilisation par l'hydrogène et renfort de conduites flexibles l'incorporant |
JP2015212412A (ja) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-11-26 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 熱間圧延線材 |
EP3050978B1 (fr) | 2015-01-30 | 2020-09-02 | Technip France | Structure tubulaire flexible avec élément d'acier |
HUE045545T2 (hu) | 2015-01-30 | 2019-12-30 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Nagyszilárdságú szálacél |
WO2017133789A1 (fr) | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Traitement thermomécanique |
BR112018015250A2 (pt) * | 2016-03-07 | 2018-12-18 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | fio de aço plano de alta resistência exibindo resistência à quebra induzida por hidrogênio superior |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5921370B2 (ja) * | 1976-11-02 | 1984-05-19 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 耐応力腐食割れ性が優れた高延性高張力線材の製造法 |
CA1332210C (fr) * | 1985-08-29 | 1994-10-04 | Masaaki Katsumata | Tiges en acier a faible teneur en carbone, a grande resistance, et methode de fabrication |
JPH01279710A (ja) * | 1988-04-30 | 1989-11-10 | Nippon Steel Corp | 耐水素誘起割れ特性に優れた高強度鋼線の製造法 |
JPH03274227A (ja) * | 1990-03-24 | 1991-12-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | サワー環境用高強度鋼線の製造方法 |
JPH03281724A (ja) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | サワー環境用高強度鋼線の製造方法 |
JPH03281725A (ja) * | 1990-03-30 | 1991-12-12 | Nippon Steel Corp | サワー環境用高強度鋼線の製造方法 |
FR2661194B1 (fr) * | 1990-04-20 | 1993-08-13 | Coflexip | Procede d'elaboration de fils d'acier destines a la fabrication de conduites flexibles, fils d'acier obtenus par ce procede et conduites flexibles renforcees par de tels fils. |
FR2672827A1 (fr) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-08-21 | Michelin & Cie | Fil metallique comportant un substrat en acier ayant une structure de type martensite revenue ecrouie, et un revetement; procede pour obtenir ce fil. |
-
1995
- 1995-03-10 FR FR9503093A patent/FR2731371B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-03-08 DK DK96906800T patent/DK0813613T3/da active
- 1996-03-08 AU AU50075/96A patent/AU715625B2/en not_active Expired
- 1996-03-08 BR BR9607231A patent/BR9607231A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-08 WO PCT/FR1996/000363 patent/WO1996028575A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1996-03-08 EP EP96906800A patent/EP0813613B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-08 JP JP52732496A patent/JP4327247B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-08 US US08/913,222 patent/US5922149A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-08 AT AT96906800T patent/ATE184657T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-08 DE DE69604279T patent/DE69604279D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-09-09 NO NO19974167A patent/NO321040B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3094652A1 (fr) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-09 | Technip France | Procédé de fabrication d’un fil d’armure d’une ligne flexible de transport de fluide et fil d’armure et ligne flexible issus d’un tel procédé |
WO2020208040A1 (fr) * | 2019-04-08 | 2020-10-15 | Technip France | Procédé de fabrication d'un fil d'armure d'une ligne flexible de transport de fluide et fil d'armure et ligne flexible issus d'un tel procédé |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4327247B2 (ja) | 2009-09-09 |
AU5007596A (en) | 1996-10-02 |
EP0813613A1 (fr) | 1997-12-29 |
DE69604279D1 (de) | 1999-10-21 |
FR2731371A1 (fr) | 1996-09-13 |
US5922149A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
NO974167D0 (no) | 1997-09-09 |
JPH11501986A (ja) | 1999-02-16 |
WO1996028575A1 (fr) | 1996-09-19 |
NO974167L (no) | 1997-09-09 |
DK0813613T3 (da) | 1999-12-20 |
FR2731371B1 (fr) | 1997-04-30 |
ATE184657T1 (de) | 1999-10-15 |
NO321040B1 (no) | 2006-03-06 |
BR9607231A (pt) | 1997-11-11 |
AU715625B2 (en) | 2000-02-03 |
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