Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
  • H01H73/22—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism having electrothermal release and no other automatic release
  • H01H73/34—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism having electrothermal release and no other automatic release reset action requiring replacement or reconditioning of a fusible or explosive part
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
  • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
  • H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
  • H01H71/501—Means for breaking welded contacts; Indicating contact welding or other malfunction of the circuit breaker
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/0072—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00 particular to three-phase switches
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
  • H01H9/32—Insulating body insertable between contacts

Definitions

• All switching devices that are intended to protect people and / or property from the dangerous effects of electrical current such as residual current circuit breakers, circuit breakers, main circuit breakers, motor circuit breakers, circuit breakers and the like, contain triggers that detect residual currents or overloads or short circuits and then trigger the switchgear when limit values are exceeded .
• the main current contacts of the switchgear then open, so that normally no harmful current can flow.
• an electrical fuse element in particular a high-current fuse element, is already known, in which a current conductor connected to the circuit to be protected is destroyed if the current strength exceeds a threshold value.
• the strength of the current flowing through the current conductor is determined by a current detection device which, after the threshold value has been exceeded, destroys the current conductor by means of an ignition pulse generating device and a pyrotechnically operated separating device.
• the aim of this arrangement is to replace the thin fuse wire which is customary in conventional fuses with a thicker current conductor in order to reduce the power loss.
• this current conductor cannot self-destruct through melting, but must be mechanically separated by a device.
• the invention is based on the object, in the event of failure of the switching devices mentioned at the outset, in particular for residual current circuit breakers, to provide a device for forcibly and very quickly disconnecting the associated mains or main power lines, so as to rule out a risk to people and / or things.
• This object is achieved by a device with the characterizing features of claim 1. Further developments and advantageous refinements of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
• the device essentially has the following elements: a) a working memory from which a force can be made available via a path.
• working memories can be, for example:
• preloaded springs such as cylindrical coil springs, spiral or torsion springs.
• Gas generators such as those already used in airbag and belt tensioning systems. These generate a gas volume, which then uses a piston to provide a force over a path.
• Such locks can be:
• Triggers can be:
• a preloaded spring that is held by a thin wire.
• This wire may have a predetermined breaking point and is held until it is melted by a current.
• a device that generates a movement of a body from electrical forces This can be an electromagnet, but also the Coulomb force, the capacitor effect, the Johnsen-Rhabeck effect or the attempt by Elihu Thomson can generate the movement of the body.
• mains or main power lines can be separated by:
• the particular advantage of the device according to the invention is that it can be arranged in series directly in circuit breakers of the type mentioned above or as an additional device.
• the fault, overload or short-circuit currents are measured in the circuit breakers using suitable conventional current measuring systems and these measured values are also used by the device. If the measured values exceed a predetermined limit value and the respective circuit breaker does not switch off within a certain time, the mains or main power lines are disconnected using the device according to the invention.
• the basic protective function of the switchgear which is fundamentally present, fails for various reasons, the device simply and reliably interrupts the current-carrying lines within a certain non-hazardous time. This forced separation of the lines is normally a one-time and irreversible process, so that at least the circuit breaker or the switching device must then be replaced and the device reactivated.
• a spring accumulator is provided as the working memory, which interacts with a lifting lock and a fuse wire as a trigger.
• a compression spring 2 and above it a piston 3 with a plunger 3.1 are arranged in a pot-shaped housing 1, which represent the essential parts of the spring accumulator.
• the compression spring 2 can be compressed by means of a lever 4 mounted in the housing 1, which acts on the upper side of the piston 3, so that it is under spring tension. This prestressed position of the compression spring 2 (as already shown in FIG. 1) is reliably held by means of a fusible wire 5 engaging the lever 4 and anchored to the housing 1.
• a tension spring 2 ' is suspended in the cup-shaped housing 1 as a spring accumulator on the piston 3 or on the housing.
• the tension spring is tensioned via a toggle lever 4 'which engages in the area of the spring eyes and is arranged in the spring interior, as shown in FIG. 2. So that the toggle lever 4 'can maintain its almost extended position and thus the spring tension, it is also locked by a fuse wire 5.
• This is preferably attached at one end to the toggle joint and held at the other end on the outer surface of the housing and led out there.
• Another tension spring 6, whose direction of action and points of attack correspond approximately to the position of the fuse wire, supports the latter in its task.
• the tension spring 6 is considerably weaker than the tension spring 2 '. Nevertheless, the tension spring 6 relieves the fuse wire 5 considerably, so that it can be made much thinner than in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. Its mode of operation is also analogous here, that is, after the fuse wire 5 is destroyed by a trigger current, the tension spring drives 2 'the plunger 3.1 and this ultimately a separating device.
• the device according to FIG. 3 is also designed with a toggle lever.
• a toggle lever again serves as a spring accumulator, a compression spring 2, which is braced by the toggle lever 4 'via the piston 3 against the bottom of the housing 1.
• the almost stretched location of the as a ratchet The toggle lever 4 'which engages above the piston and is supported on the upper side of the housing is again ensured by the fuse wire 5, which, together with a tension spring 6, also prevents the toggle lever from buckling here.
• This device also functions in the manner already described.
• a device which, in contrast to the previous arrangements, has a Riegeiges lock.
• a compression spring 2 is arranged as a working memory in a pot-shaped housing 1, which is tensioned by the piston 3.
• the plunger 3.1 there is a recess into which a bolt 7 engages, which is supported on the top of the housing 1 and thus blocks the plunger in the position shown.
• a fuse wire 5 also holds the bolt 7 in engagement with the plunger recess, while a tension spring 7.1 engaging the bolt attempts to unlock it against the holding force of the fuse wire.
• this device is carried out in the manner already described, that is, after the melting wire 5 has been smeared due to a tripping current, the spring 7.1 pulls the bolt out of the recess in the plunger 3.1.
• the inactive position of the working memory is thus eliminated and, under the action of the compression spring 2, the plunger 3.1 then shoots upwards and also drives a separating device for the forced separation of the power lines.
• the device can be provided with a pressure accumulator as working memory, as shown by way of example in FIGS. 5 and 6.
• a working medium - preferably air - is kept compressed in the pressure accumulators and initially prevented from expanding by a locking mechanism.
• a compressed working medium 8 is enclosed by the piston 3 in the housing 1, which is designed to be pressure-resistant. This is locked against the pressure of the working medium by means of a toggle lever 4 '- similar to the devices according to FIGS. 2 and 3, a fusible wire 5 likewise preventing the toggle lever from buckling. If the fuse wire is destroyed, the toggle lever releases the piston 3 and the compressed working medium 8 can expand, so that the plunger 3.1 moves away from the housing and actuates the separating device already mentioned. 6, in which a chamber of the housing 1 for receiving the compressed working medium 8 is closed by a valve 9.
• valve which is loaded by a compression spring 9.1 in the opening direction, is also held against this force by a fusible wire 5, so that the chamber remains tightly closed with the compressed working medium.
• a piston 3 with the tappet 3.1 is again arranged above the valve chamber.
• the valve 9 opens under the action of the compression spring 9.1 and the working medium 8 can escape into the valve chamber. From there it flows under the bottom of the piston 3, which thus carries out the working stroke and again actuates a separating device with the plunger 3.1.
• a fuel 8 'with a primer 8.1 is arranged in the housing 1 and enclosed by a gas-permeable wall 1.1 of the housing towards the piston 3. If a trigger current is applied to the primer, the fuel 8 'is activated and a gas volume is created. This flows under the bottom of the piston 3 and drives it together with the plunger 3.1 to actuate one of the separating devices described below.
• 8 to 15 separating devices of various types are shown.
• 8 contacts 10 and 11 which are connected in series in the course of a mains or main power line 12, are pressed together by spring force.
• a wedge-shaped insulating body 13 is arranged in front of the contacts and can be directly part of the plunger 3.1 of one of the working memories already described. In the case of a forced disconnection initiated by the trigger and the working memory, the insulating body 13 is immediately pressed between the contacts 10, 11 and opens them.
• the mains or main power line 12 is thus forcibly interrupted in the course of the corresponding circuit breaker, not shown.
• FIG. 9 shows two disconnecting devices by means of additional contacts 10 ', 11' or 10 ", 11", which can be opened in the course of the mains or main power line 12 and opened by the plunger 3.1 of the working memory.
• switching contacts 14, 15 are schematically shown by a circuit breaker, which are arranged in series with the line to be protected. If these switching contacts are welded in the event of a trip, for example, they are forced open by the plunger 3.1 of the working memory, which is also only indicated here. In this way, the mains or main power lines can be interrupted directly in the switching device.
• FIG. 11 Another form of separation device is shown in FIG. 11.
• a contact sleeve 16 and a contact pin 17 are arranged in series with a line L1, which interlock and connect the two line ends to one another.
• the contact pin 17 also forms the tip of the plunger 3.1. If the piston of the working memory is moved so far in the direction of the arrow that it has pushed the contact pin 17 out of the contact sleeve 16 and the insulating part 3.1 'of the plunger is in the sleeve, the line L1 is interrupted.
• FIGS. 12 / 12a and 13 Separating devices for several lines, which are similar in construction to FIG. 11, are shown schematically in FIGS. 12 / 12a and 13 respectively.
• the separating device according to FIG. 12 and its side view FIG. 12 a are enlarged in diameter on one Insulating part 3.1 'of the plunger two contact pairs 17' arranged at right angles, each working on the corresponding counter contacts 16 'of lines L1 and L2 on the circumference.
• the plunger 3.1 By moving the plunger 3.1, as indicated by an arrow in FIG. 12a, the opposing contact pairs in the insulating part 3.1 'and the circumferential counter contacts come out of engagement, so that the lines L1 and L2 are interrupted.
• 14 and 15 are separating devices in which the lines are irreversibly interrupted.
• 14 is a line schematically 12, which has a predetermined breaking point 12.1.
• the predetermined breaking point is arranged such that it comes to lie opposite the end face of the plunger 3.1.
• the plunger 3.1 With its forehead designed as an insulating part, opens the line 12 at the predetermined breaking point and forcibly separates it.
• the line 12 has a uniform cross-section throughout, whereas the tip of the plunger 3.1 is designed like a knife.
• the plunger directed at right angles to the line also cuts the line 12 with the knife edge during a piston movement that is driven by the main memory.

Landscapes

• Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
• Fuses (AREA)
• Detection And Prevention Of Errors In Transmission (AREA)
• Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
• Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Trip Switchboards (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
• Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=7777597

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (3)

Family Cites Families (13)

• 1995
  • 1995-11-16 DE DE19542690A patent/DE19542690A1/de not_active Ceased
• 1996
  • 1996-11-12 DE DE59606956T patent/DE59606956D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-11-12 EP EP96945875A patent/EP0804800B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-12 ES ES96945875T patent/ES2159060T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-11-12 AT AT96945875T patent/ATE201531T1/de active
  • 1996-11-12 WO PCT/DE1996/002148 patent/WO1997018571A2/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-11-12 DK DK96945875T patent/DK0804800T3/da active
• 2001
  • 2001-08-09 GR GR20010401211T patent/GR3036359T3/el unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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