EP3622548B1 - Disjoncteur pyrotechnique et réseau d'alimentation équipé d'un disjoncteur pyrotechnique - Google Patents

Disjoncteur pyrotechnique et réseau d'alimentation équipé d'un disjoncteur pyrotechnique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3622548B1
EP3622548B1 EP18718831.3A EP18718831A EP3622548B1 EP 3622548 B1 EP3622548 B1 EP 3622548B1 EP 18718831 A EP18718831 A EP 18718831A EP 3622548 B1 EP3622548 B1 EP 3622548B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
fuse
current
base body
pyrotechnical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18718831.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3622548A1 (fr
Inventor
Tzeichoun Chalil
Peter Steiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
Original Assignee
Leoni Bordnetz Systeme GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3622548A1 publication Critical patent/EP3622548A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3622548B1 publication Critical patent/EP3622548B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrotechnic circuit breaker, in particular for a motor vehicle, having a housing, a pyrotechnic unit and a separating body for severing a current-carrying conductor in the event of a trip.
  • Pyrotechnic circuit breakers are known in principle to the person skilled in the art and examples of configurations are, inter alia, in DE 10 2012 022083 A1 and in the WO 2005/015704 A2 described.
  • a pyrotechnic circuit breaker also called a pyrotechnic fuse element, is not a protective device for protecting a current path against overcurrents, as is the case, for example, with fuses.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker also known as pyrotechnic safety switch, pyrotechnic isolating element or pyrotechnic switch for short, is a type of emergency stop switch of stop category 0 (EN ISO 13850: 2008 pt. 4.1.4 and EN 60204-1: 2006 pt. 9.2.2), which can be triggered manually and / or automatically controlled and triggered under specified conditions.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is constructed according to a principle known per se. It comprises a pyrotechnic propellant, which is typically ignited by an electrical ignition signal, in particular a sensor signal from a connected sensor, and as a result accelerates a separating body, usually a wedge or a bolt, so that it mechanically cuts through an electrical conductor, usually a conductor strip.
  • an electrical ignition signal in particular a sensor signal from a connected sensor
  • a separating body usually a wedge or a bolt
  • an electrical conductor usually a conductor strip.
  • the Electrical conductor given electrical connection for example between an electrical energy source, for example a battery in a motor vehicle, and a connected current path with various consumers interrupted. Due to this functional principle, such a pyrotechnic circuit breaker is sometimes also referred to as a battery disconnect switch.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying an advantageous embodiment for a pyrotechnic circuit breaker and a supply network with a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker.
  • a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is designed in particular for use in an on-board network of a motor vehicle and is accordingly preferably used in an on-board network of a motor vehicle.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker has a pyrotechnic unit and a separating body, which are typically accommodated in a housing.
  • the pyrotechnic unit is expediently constructed according to a principle known per se and accordingly serves to accelerate the separating body when the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is triggered, so that it cuts through a current-carrying conductor of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker.
  • That conductor is typically formed by a current guide plate, for example a stamped sheet metal, and usually has at least two connection elements or connection arms, one of the at least two connection elements typically at least in the installed state of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker as an input connection for a power supply line and the other of the at least two connection elements is designed as an output connection for a current discharge line.
  • Those two connection elements or connection arms are then mechanically separated from one another in the event of a release by severing the current-carrying conductor.
  • the separating body of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker has a fuse, the fuse primarily serving to prevent arcs that could otherwise develop after a trip and bypass the severed current-carrying conductor at the separation point. That fuse is used accordingly, in particular, to reduce any residual voltage that may be present across the separation point of the severed current-carrying conductor after a trip, preferably in such a way that no relevant electrical energy is transmitted from one connection element to the other connection element. Instead, any electrical energy that may be present is converted into heat in the fuse, which then melts or melts the fuse and triggers it accordingly.
  • an embodiment of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is useful in which the fuse bridges the current-carrying conductor at least until it is triggered, i.e. until the fuse blows, after it has been severed in the event of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker being triggered, i.e. in which the separating body in particular bridges the severed current-carrying conductor bridged.
  • the fuse in the initial state of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker, i.e. until the pyrotechnic unit is activated or ignited and thus until the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is triggered, the fuse is preferably not connected to the current-carrying conductor or at least only connected to the current-carrying conductor on one side. In this state, it is furthermore preferably not integrated into any circuit and, accordingly, is quasi electrically isolated.
  • the fuse is therefore preferably used exclusively to avoid arcs after the pyrotechnic circuit breaker has been triggered, and accordingly the fuse then has virtually no function until such a trigger. This makes it possible, among other things, to The fuse must be specially adapted to the expected residual energies and residual voltages that are to be reduced after a trip.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is therefore typically designed for a current path or circuit with a predetermined nominal current, the fuse value or fuse threshold value of the fuse being smaller than the predetermined nominal current.
  • a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is preferably designed for an on-board network of a motor vehicle.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is more preferably designed for a supply voltage greater than 20 volts, typically 48 volts.
  • an embodiment is preferred in which the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is designed for a supply voltage of less than 500 V and in particular less than 100 volts.
  • the separating body further preferably has a base body made of an insulating material.
  • This base body is then typically a type of load-bearing element for the fuse, which is integrated into the base body, for example.
  • the base body is designed, for example, as a hollow body in which the fuse is arranged, so that the fuse is more or less enclosed by the base body.
  • the separating body is formed from an insulating material and by a conductor track which forms the fuse and which is preferably positioned on the outside of the base body.
  • the fuse is in this case formed, for example, by a coating applied to the base body, that is to say, for example, by a strip-shaped coating that is in particular formed similar to a conductor track.
  • a corresponding conductor track is furthermore preferably arranged in a depression or groove in the base body and in this case in particular is arranged at least partially sunk, but in such a way that the separating body after triggering pyrotechnic unit bridges the severed current-carrying conductor in each case.
  • the separating body is produced by means of a MID process (MID: Molded Interconnect Devices) or by means of 3D-MID technology, for example initially a blank as a base body made from an insulating material by injection molding and then with conductor tracks is provided, which are designed as a fuse.
  • MID Molded Interconnect Devices
  • 3D-MID technology for example initially a blank as a base body made from an insulating material by injection molding and then with conductor tracks is provided, which are designed as a fuse.
  • a corresponding base body which is manufactured from a plastic by injection molding, for example, has an underside with a cutting edge for cutting through the current-carrying conductor in the event of a trip, which is preferably uncoated at least in the area of the cutting edge.
  • the coating forming the fuse is preferably arranged or runs laterally on the base body.
  • the surface of such a cutting edge is functionalized in that it has conductor structures in at least one area.
  • Such a configuration is advantageous, among other things, because this surface is the first to come into contact with the current-carrying conductor when it is triggered.
  • the conductor structures are further preferably arranged in a depression or groove in the cutting edge and are in particular at least partially sunk, but in such a way that the separating body bridges the severed current-carrying conductor in any case after the pyrotechnic unit is triggered.
  • the bridging is preferably not carried out over the shortest distance over the cutting edge or the surface of the cutting edge, rather the cutting edge preferably has, for example on two opposite sides, two conductor structure ends separated from one another on the cutting edge, which extend over a further course of this conductor structure , which extends over the remaining separating body or the surface of the remaining separating body away, are connected to one another.
  • the pyrotechnic unit of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is preferably kept simple and constructed according to a basic principle known per se.
  • the pyrotechnic unit expediently comprises a pyrotechnic propellant and an electrical igniter with a signal input, so that a trigger signal or ignition signal can be fed into the igniter via the signal input, which activates the igniter and thus triggers the ignition of the pyrotechnic propellant.
  • the ignited pyrotechnic propellant in turn accelerates the separating body, which is typically wedge-like or spike-like and thus has a type of cutting edge, i.e. the cutting edge, so that it is driven towards the current-carrying plate and subsequently cuts through the current-carrying conductor.
  • the feeding in of a trigger signal ultimately causes a galvanic separation of the connection elements and thus an interruption of the electrical connection between an input connection and an output connection.
  • the signal input of the detonator is signal-connected to a signal transmitter through which the triggering condition for the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is specified, i.e. when a predetermined condition occurs, the Trigger case, a trigger signal is generated and transmitted to the pyrotechnic switch.
  • a corresponding pyrotechnic circuit breaker is now installed in a motor vehicle, for example, an airbag control unit in the motor vehicle serves as a signal transmitter, so that if an airbag is triggered in the vehicle, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is also triggered, i.e. the pyrotechnic propellant is ignited.
  • the pyrotechnic circuit breaker is then triggered in the event of a traffic accident, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker being typically integrated into the vehicle electrical system in such a way that the triggering of the vehicle's electrical energy sources after a traffic accident is quasi isolated and disconnected from the rest of the vehicle electrical system .
  • a pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 described below by way of example is designed for use in an on-board network of a motor vehicle and is accordingly preferably used in an on-board network of a motor vehicle.
  • That pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 has, as in Fig. 1 shown schematically, a pyrotechnic unit 4 and a separating body 6, which are housed in a housing 8.
  • the pyrotechnic unit 4 is installed according to a principle known per se and can be activated or triggered via a signal input 10 by means of an electrical signal.
  • the pyrotechnic unit 4 is activated and the triggering event has occurred. Thereupon, the separating body 6 is accelerated by the pyrotechnic unit 4 and this then cuts with a cutting edge 12 on the underside 14 of the separating body 6 a current-carrying conductor 16, i.e. an electrical conductor that is provided for conducting current.
  • the current-carrying conductor 16 is formed by a current-conducting plate or stamped plate and has two connection arms 18 which protrude from the housing 8 of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 on opposite sides.
  • These two connection arms 18, which are part of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 form two connection elements when the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2 is installed, one of the two connection elements being configured as an input connection for a power supply line and the other of the two connection elements as an output connection for a power discharge line. In the event of triggering, the two connection arms 18 and thus the two connection elements are then mechanically separated from one another.
  • the separating body 6 is designed in such a way that it has a fuse 20, which prevents arcing at the separating point of the severed current-carrying conductor 16 after a triggering event.
  • This fuse 20 is electrically insulated in the initial state of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker 2, that is, before it is triggered, and is accordingly not connected to the current-carrying conductor 16.
  • the fuse 20 bridges the separation point of the severed current-carrying conductor 16 so that any residual voltage that may be present after a trip can be reduced via the fuse 20.
  • a corresponding residual voltage is reduced without a relevant transfer of electrical energy between the connecting arms 18; instead, the electrical energy is essentially converted into heat in the fuse 20, as a result of which the fuse 20 finally melts.
  • the separating body 6 is formed by a base body 22 made of an insulating material, for example a plastic, in which the fuse 20 is integrated.
  • the base body 22 is designed as a type of hollow body, in the interior of which a classic fuse 20 is expediently arranged.
  • the conductor track 24 runs primarily along one side of the base body 22, whereas the underside 14 of the base body 22 in the region of the cutting edge 12 and the opposite top side 26 of the base body 22 are uncoated.
  • Fig. 3 shows a situation after the pyrotechnic unit 4 is triggered and the conductor track 24 forming the fuse 20 has melted.
  • the conductor track 24 bridges the severing point of the severed current-carrying conductor 16.
  • the cutting edge 12 is in the severing point and the Conductor track 24 extends into an edge area on the underside 14 of the base body 22, so that the conductor track 24 is positioned in this edge area between the base body 22 of the separating body 6 and the current-carrying conductor 16.

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  • Fuses (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2), en particulier pour un réseau de bord d'un véhicule automobile, comportant un boîtier (8), une unité pyrotechnique (4) et un corps de séparation (6) pour couper un conducteur porteur de courant (16) en cas de déclenchement,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de séparation (6) comporte un fusible (20,24).
  2. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le fusible (20,24) ponte le conducteur porteur de courant (16) après la coupure dudit conducteur par le corps de séparation (6).
  3. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le fusible (20,24) n'est pas connecté au conducteur de courant (16) jusqu'à ce que le conducteur de courant (16) soit coupé en cas de déclenchement.
  4. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon les revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce
    que ledit disjoncteur est conçu pour un trajet de courant avec un courant nominal prédéterminé, la valeur de seuil du fusible (20,24) étant inférieure au courant nominal prédéterminé.
  5. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de séparation (6) est formé par un corps de base (22) en un matériau isolant, dans lequel est intégré le fusible (20), le fusible (20) étant disposé à l'intérieur du corps de base (22).
  6. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de séparation (6) est formé par un corps de base (22) en un matériau isolant et que le fusible (20) est formé par une piste conductrice (24).
  7. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de séparation (6) est formé par un corps de base (22) en un matériau isolant et que le fusible (20) est formé par un revêtement (24) appliqué sur le corps de base (22).
  8. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le fusible (20) est formé par un revêtement en forme de bande (24).
  9. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de séparation (6) est produit au moyen d'un processus MID.
  10. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le fusible (20) est inséré au moins partiellement ou par sections dans un évidement, en particulier une rainure, dans le corps de base (22).
  11. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon la revendication 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de base (22) comporte une face inférieure (14) avec un disque de coupe (12), et que la face inférieure (14) est non revêtue dans la zone du disque de coupe (12).
  12. Disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps de base (22) comporte une face inférieure (14) avec un disque de coupe (12), dans lequel un évidement, en particulier une rainure, est formé sur disque de coupe (12), et dans lequel le fusible (20) est inséré au moins partiellement ou par sections dans ledit évidement.
  13. Réseau d'alimentation électrique, en particulier le réseau de bord d'un véhicule automobile comportant un disjoncteur pyrotechnique (2) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que ledit réseau d'alimentation électrique est adapté pour une tension d'alimentation supérieure à 20 V.
  14. Réseau d'alimentation électrique selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisé en ce
    ledit réseau d'alimentation électrique est adapté pour une tension d'alimentation inférieure à 100 V.
EP18718831.3A 2017-05-08 2018-04-20 Disjoncteur pyrotechnique et réseau d'alimentation équipé d'un disjoncteur pyrotechnique Active EP3622548B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017207736.0A DE102017207736B3 (de) 2017-05-08 2017-05-08 Pyrotechnischer Schutzschalter und Versorgungsnetz mit einem pyrotechnischen Schutzschalter
PCT/EP2018/060212 WO2018206271A1 (fr) 2017-05-08 2018-04-20 Disjoncteur pyrotechnique et réseau d'alimentation équipé d'un disjoncteur pyrotechnique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3622548A1 EP3622548A1 (fr) 2020-03-18
EP3622548B1 true EP3622548B1 (fr) 2020-08-12

Family

ID=62025879

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18718831.3A Active EP3622548B1 (fr) 2017-05-08 2018-04-20 Disjoncteur pyrotechnique et réseau d'alimentation équipé d'un disjoncteur pyrotechnique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3622548B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102017207736B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018206271A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT521345B1 (de) * 2018-09-02 2020-01-15 Hirtenberger Automotive Safety Gmbh & Co Kg Pyrotechnischer Stromtrenner
AT521698B1 (de) * 2019-02-21 2020-04-15 Hirtenberger Automotive Safety Gmbh & Co Kg Pyrotechnischer Stromtrenner
DE102020104935A1 (de) 2020-02-25 2021-08-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Abschalteinrichtung, Hochvoltbordnetz sowie Kraftfahrzeug
GB2593941A (en) * 2020-04-08 2021-10-13 Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd Disconnect device with integrated fuse

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1654793B1 (fr) * 2003-08-08 2016-07-06 Delphi Technologies Inc. Dispositif d'interruption de circuit
DE102009023801A1 (de) 2009-06-03 2010-02-04 Daimler Ag Sicherungsvorrichtung mit pyrotechnischer Sicherung
JP5359982B2 (ja) 2009-06-29 2013-12-04 豊田合成株式会社 車両の電気回路遮断装置
DE102011014343A1 (de) 2011-03-18 2012-09-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Sicherungsvorrichtung für eine Spannungsversorgung eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE102012221664B4 (de) * 2012-09-25 2022-04-21 Te Connectivity Germany Gmbh Kurzschlussabschalter
DE102012022083B4 (de) * 2012-11-09 2022-12-08 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Elektrisches Versorgungsnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE202015106793U1 (de) 2015-12-14 2016-01-14 Kromberg & Schubert Gmbh Schmelzsicherung

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Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017207736B3 (de) 2018-08-23
EP3622548A1 (fr) 2020-03-18
WO2018206271A1 (fr) 2018-11-15

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