Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/2805—Compounds having only one group containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/2815—Monohydroxy compounds
  • C08G18/283—Compounds containing ether groups, e.g. oxyalkylated monohydroxy compounds
  • C08G18/2835—Compounds containing ether groups, e.g. oxyalkylated monohydroxy compounds having less than 5 ether groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6629—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/36 or hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids of C08G18/38
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6696—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/36 or hydroxylated esters of higher fatty acids of C08G18/38
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0041—Foam properties having specified density
  • C08G2110/005—< 50kg/m3
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for preparing a rigid, hydrocarbon blown, polyurethane foam by reacting a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition comprising a material which compatibilizes the hydrocarbon in the polyurethane formulation.
• Patent 5,001,164 discloses the use of pentane in combination with trichloroethane.
• U.S. Patent 5,286,759 discloses combinations of hydrocarbons containing at least 4 carbon atoms with perf luoroalkanes as a blowing agent for polyurethane foam manufacture.
• U.S. Patent 4,263,412 discloses the preparation of polyurethane foam in the presence of butane. Of the mentioned hydrocarbons, use of cyclopentane and pentane is presently favored due to availability and general benefit to the physical properties of the foam.
• this invention relates to a process for preparing a closed- celled polyurethane foam which includes reacting, in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent, a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition wherein the polyol composition comprises: i) a polyether or polyester polyol having a hydroxyl number value of from 100 to
• n is a number greater than or equal to 5
• the compatibilizing agent contains at least one active hydrogen atom, provided that there is no more than one aromatic group per molecule
• the compatibilizing agent is a fat, oil, monoglyceride, diglyceride, fatty acid, fatty alcohol, fatty amide, fatty amine, fatty acid ester, alkoxylated adduct of any of the foregoing, alkyl phenol or propoxylated adduct thereof, alkyl phenol or adduct thereof with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, alkyl phenol or adduct thereof with less than an average of four molecules of ethylene oxide per molecule of alkyl phenol, or a mixture thereof.
• this invention is a process for preparing a closed-celled polyurethane foam which comprises reacting, in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent, a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition, wherein the polyol composition comprises: i) a polyether or polyester polyol having a hydroxyl number value of rom 100 to
• this invention relates to a closed-celled polyurethane foam obtained according to an above-mentioned process.
• this invention relates to a blend, suitable for use in the inventive process as a polyurethane precursor composition, which comprises the above- mentioned polyol composition containing a compatibilizing agent as defined herein and further a blowing agent which is present in an amount of rom 1 to 20 parts per 100 parts by total weight of the composition and which is a C-. 8 hydrocarbon, and preferably butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, hexane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isomer thereof, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
• a compatibilizing agent as defined enhances the miscibility of the hydrocarbon blowing agent and minimizes the susceptibility to separation of the formulation.
• the presence of the compatibilizing agent allows for an increased loading of the hydrocarbon blowing agent, thereby permitting the manufacture of foam having a lower density while retaining overall attractive physical properties.
• the present invention relates to a process for preparing a rigid, closed-celled 0 polyurethane foam by reacting, in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent, a polyisocyanate with a polyol composition comprising a certain compatibilizing agent.
• the resulting foam is of a low free rise density of from 10 to 50, preferably from 15 to 40, and more preferably from 15 to 35 kg/m 3 .
• the polyurethane precursor composition comprises: (a) an isocyanate-reactive
• the 15 component usually a polyether or polyester polyol, having a hydroxyl number value of from 100 to 1200, preferably from 100 to 800, more preferably from 200 to 800, and yet more preferably from 200 to 600 and preferably being a polyester or polyether polyol; and (b) a compatibilizing agent.
• the compatibilizing agent allows for attractive miscibility of the hydrocarbon blowing agent with the polyol and is present in an amount of from 5 to 25, o preferably from 6, more preferably from 7, and preferably up to 18, more pre erably up to 15 parts by total weight of the polyol composition including polyol and compatibilizing agent.
• the compatibilizing agent is defined herein as containing a compatibilizing radical of the formula
• n is a number greater than or equal to 5, and wherein the compatibilizing agent contains at least one active hydrogen atom, provided that there is no more than one aromatic group per molecule, wherein the compatibilizing agent is a fat, oil, monoglyceride, diglyceride, fatty acid, fatty alcohol, fatty amide, fatty amine, fatty acid ester, alkoxylated adduct of any of the foregoing, alkyl phenol, or propoxylated adduct thereof, alkyl phenol, or adduct thereof
• each molecule contains only one active hydrogen atom.
• the active hydrogen atoms contained in these compatibilizing agents are such as associated with hydroxyl, thiol, amine and carboxylic acid functionality.
• the presence of the ⁇ *-* isocyanate reactive hydrogen atom is desired to permit reaction with the polyisocyanate, thereby incorporating, to the advantage of the polymer physical properties, the compatibilizing agent into the polyurethane polymer.
• the compatibilizing agent is a fat, oil, or alkoxylated adduct thereof, with hydroxyl functionality and having a hydroxyl number value of from 100, preferably from 130, more preferably from 140, and up to 550, more preferably up to 300, still more preferably up to 200, and yet more preferably up to 180.
• suitable compatibilizing o agents contain, as a fatty acid constituent, for example, ricinoleic acid, dihydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosanoic acid, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
• ricinoleic acid which exhibits excellent miscibility with polar substances, such as alcohols including polyols, and limited miscibility with nonpolar substances such as hydrocarbons.
• a convenient and readily available natural fatty oil source comprising a hydroxyl-substituted fatty acid constituent is castor oil which is understood to comprise on average 90 weight percent of a glyceride of ricinoleic acid, 4 weight percent of a glyceride of linoleic acid, with the balance to 100 percent of glycerides of dihydroxystearic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and eicosanoic acid.
• Castor oil essentially independent of source, has a hydroxyl number of from 160 to 168.
• Suitable polyols include polyester or polyether polyols such as are conventionally used in the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam and having a hydroxyl number value within the above-mentioned range. Additionally, such polyols will generally contain from 2 to 8, preferably from 3 to 8, and more preferably from 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups per molecule. Examples of suitable, and preferred, polyols are polyether polyols as described more fully in 5 U.S. Patent 4,394,491.
• polyether polyols include those commercially available under the trademark VORANOL, which include VORANOL 202, VORANOL 360, VORANOL 370, VORANOL 446, VORANOL 490, VORANOL 575, VORANOL 640, VORANOL 800, VORANOL CP1000, VORANOL CP260, VORANOL CP450, and VORANOL RN482, all available from The Dow Chemical Company.
• VORANOL include alkylene oxide derivatives 0 of Mannich condensate as taught in, for example, U.S. Patents 3,297,597; 4,137,265 and
• the polyurethane foaming process of this invention requires the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent which advantageously comprises a C-.R aliphatic or 5 cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably C 4 . 8 , which is an alkane, alkene or alkyne.
• a hydrocarbon blowing agent which advantageously comprises a C-.R aliphatic or 5 cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon, preferably C 4 . 8 , which is an alkane, alkene or alkyne.
• Such hydrocarbons are selected as the blowing agent because they have a boiling point lower than the reaction exotherm, generally more than 120°C, and usually of from 150°C to 200°C, encountered when preparing a polyurethane foam.
• Suitable hydrocarbons include those having a boiling point of less than 120°C, preferably less than 100°C, and more preferably less than 50°C such as, for example, butane, n-pentane, i-pentane, cyclopentane, methyl- cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, isomers thereof, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
• Preferred hydrocarbons due to their ability to confer attractive thermal insulation properties to the polyurethane foam, are n-pentane, i-pentane and cyclopentane.
• n-pentane and i-pentane wherein the ratio of n- pentane to i-pentane is from 5:95 to 50:50, preferably from 10:90 to 35:65.
• This fraction of i-pentane is found to be advantageous for optimum flow properties when preparing a polyurethane foam and for conferring attractive thermal insulation properties to the resulting foam.
• the hydrocarbon will be present in an amount of from 1 to 20, preferably from 5 to 20, and more preferably from 7 to 18 parts per 00 parts by total weight of the composition comprising polyol and compatibilizing agent.
• a supplemental blowing means can be provided by the presence of water.
• Water reacts with polyisocyanate leading to the production of carbon dioxide which is able to confer a reduced density to the polyurethane polymer.
• the amount of water advantageously is from 0.5 to 10, preferably from 1.5 to 8, and more preferably from 2 to 6 parts per 100 parts by weight of the polyol composition including the fatty oil.
• polyurethane foam is prepared in the presence of water and hydrocarbon blowing agent wherein, per 100 parts by weight of the polyol composition including the compatibilizing agent, the water is present in an amount of from 2 to 6 parts, and the hydrocarbon blowing agent being n-pentane, i-pentane, cyclopentane, or mixtures of at least two thereof is present in an amount of from 1 to 20 parts.
• f luorocarbons or hydrogen-containing chlorof luorocarbons as supplemental physical blowing agent, including difluorochloromethane, dif luoroethane, difluorochloroethane, tetraf luoroethane dichlorotrif luoroethane and others such as those taught, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,945,119.
• Suitable polyisocyanates include aromatic, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates and combinations thereof.
• a crude polyisocyanate may also be used in the practice of this invention, such as the crude toluene diisocyanate obtained by the phosgenation of a mixture of toluene diamines or the crude diphenylmethane diisocyanate obtained by the phosgenation of crude methylene diphenyiamine.
• aromatic polyisocyanates comprising a methylene diphenylisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate, or mixtures thereof.
• Suitable mixtures include those containing, based on total weight of polyisocyanate, from 10 to 50 weight percent of methylene diphenylisocyanate; and from 90 to 50 weight percent of polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate.
• an aromatic polyisocyanate has an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2.3, preferably from 2.5 to 3.5, and more preferably from 2.7 to 3.1.
• Exemplary of commercially available aromatic polyisocyanates suitable for use in this invention include crude methylene diphenylisocyanate mixtures supplied by The Dow Chemical Company under the trademark VORANATE and designated as M220, M229, M269, M595 and M580
• the amount of polyisocyanate present when preparing the polyurethane foam is such to provide for an isocyanate reaction index of typically from 60 to 550, preferably from 70, more preferably from 80, and preferably up to 300, more preferably up to 200, still more preferably up to 160, and yet more preferably up to 140
• An isocyanate reaction index of 100 corresponds to one isocyanate group per isocyanate reactive hydrogen atom present including o those from the polyol composition containing compatibilizing agent and, if present, any water
• optionally other ingredients may be present when preparing the polyurethane foam Among these other ingredients are catalysts, surfactants, colorants, antioxidants, reinforcing agents, fillers, antistatic agents and flame retard
• One or more catalysts for the reaction of the active hydrogen-containing compound with the polyisocyanate are advantageously present Suitable catalysts include tertiary amine compounds and organometalhc compounds Exemplary tertiary amine catalysts 0 include t ⁇ ethylenediamine, pentamethyldiethylenet ⁇ amine, N-ethyimorpholine,
• organometalhc catalysts include organo- 5 mercury, organolead, organoferric and organotin catalysts, with organotin catalysts being preferred among these Suitable tin catalysts include stannous chloride, tin salts of carboxylic acids such as dibutyltin d ⁇ -2-ethyl hexanoate, as well as other organometalhc compounds such
• Such surfactants are employed in amounts sufficient to stabilize the foaming reaction mixture against collapse and the formation of large, uneven cells. Typically, from 0.1 to 3 parts of the surfactant per 100 parts by weight polyol are sufficient for this purpose.
• the polyol(s), polyisocyanate and other components are contacted, thoroughly mixed and permitted to expand and cure into a cellular polymer.
• the particular mixing apparatus is not critical, and various types of mixing head and spray apparatus are conveniently used. It is often convenient, but not necessary, to preblend some of the raw materials prior to reacting the polyisocyanate and active hydrogen-containing o components.
• polystyrene foams For example, it is often useful to blend the polyol(s), blowing agent, surfactants, catalysts and other components except for polyisocyanates, and then contact this mixture with the polyisocyanate. Alternatively, all components can be introduced individually to the mixing zone where the polyisocyanate and polyol(s) are contacted. It is also possible to prereact all or a portion of the polyol(s) with the polyisocyanate to form a prepolymer, although such is not 5 preferred. For optimum processing, it is found convenient to prepare the polyurethane by mixing at an ambient temperature the reactants which themselves have a temperature of from 10°C to 35°C, and preferably from 15°C to 25°C.
• the polyurethane foam obtained in accordance with this invention is of value for the appliance and construction industry where its attractive compressive strength, dimensional 0 stability and thermal insulation is highly desirable.
• the invention may also be used to provide polyurethane foam for semirigid applications such as for example sealant foam applications.
• the invention is illustrated by way of the examples given hereinbelow. Unless otherwise indicated all amounts given are parts by weight.
• Example 1 5 The storage stability of various hydrocarbon/-polyol mixtures optionally containing castor oil is reported in Table I. The substances and relative amounts making up the hydrocarbon and polyol mixtures are also given in Table I.
• the storage stability is determined in accordance with the following general procedure in which the hydrocarbon is blended into a polyol mixture, representative of a formulation typically used for the manufacture of rigid 0 polyurethane foam, and the resulting blend allowed to stand at room temperature for 7 days. After this period, the stability of the resulting blend is visually rated according to the following scheme:
• Blends 1, 2 and 5 which separate are undesirable for the purposes of preparing a polyurethane foam; Blends 3 and 4 are observed to have a "clear” or “limit” status and are preferred as they are more readily manipulated in a consistent manner to the benefit of the foaming process.
• Blend 1 Blend 2* Blend 3 Blend 4 Blend 5*
• Polyol 1 a sorbitol-initiated oxypropylene polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number of 480.
• Polyol 2 an ethylenediamine-initiated oxypropylene polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number of 640.
• Polyol 3 a glycerine-initiated oxypropylene polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number of 160.
• Surfactant 1 TEGOSTAB B8462 a silicon-based surfactant from Th Goldschmidt AG Catalyst: a blend of urethane promoting catalysts containing 1.2 pbw dimethylcyclohexylamine, 0.4 pbw pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; and 0.6 pbw of CURITHANE 206 a proprietary urethane promoting catalyst available from The Dow Chemical Company.
• Rigid polyurethane foam is machine-prepared in the presence of a hydrocarbon blowing agent and castor oil using the formulation as given in Table II. High pressure mixing conditions with reactants being introduced to the mixer head at a temperature of about 20°C are used. The results indicate that an improved blend stability is obtained while still maintaining an acceptable overall foam physical performance.
• Example 1 a polymeric methylene diphenylisocyanate with an
• Blend 6 parts by weight Blend 6* Blend 7 Blend 8 Blend 9 Blend 10
• Polyol 4 a sucrose/glycerine oxypropylene polyol having a hydroxyl number of 490.
• Compatibilizing Agent 1 C 12 H 25 -(0CH 2 CH 2 ) 4 -OH
• Compatibilizing Agent 2 p(C9H 19 )-C 6 H4-(OCH 2 CH2) 2 -OH
• Compatibilizing Agent 3 monoglyceride adduct of oleic acid

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• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-10-19 JP JP8514032A patent/JPH11500467A/ja not_active Ceased
  • 1995-10-19 PL PL95319832A patent/PL319832A1/xx unknown
  • 1995-10-19 CZ CZ971192A patent/CZ119297A3/cs unknown
  • 1995-10-19 AU AU38337/95A patent/AU3833795A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-10-19 WO PCT/US1995/013313 patent/WO1996012759A2/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-10-19 CA CA002201586A patent/CA2201586A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1995-10-19 CN CN95195788A patent/CN1068016C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-10-19 BR BR9509500A patent/BR9509500A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-10-19 HU HU9800905A patent/HUT77801A/hu unknown
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