EP0785902B1 - Stossdämpfvorrichtung für tragrahmen - Google Patents

Stossdämpfvorrichtung für tragrahmen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0785902B1
EP0785902B1 EP95932160A EP95932160A EP0785902B1 EP 0785902 B1 EP0785902 B1 EP 0785902B1 EP 95932160 A EP95932160 A EP 95932160A EP 95932160 A EP95932160 A EP 95932160A EP 0785902 B1 EP0785902 B1 EP 0785902B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spreader
twistlock
shock absorption
assembly according
mounting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95932160A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0785902A1 (de
Inventor
Chye Heng Chew
Wei Seng Chong
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ram Lifting Technologies Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd filed Critical Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd
Publication of EP0785902A1 publication Critical patent/EP0785902A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0785902B1 publication Critical patent/EP0785902B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B66C1/663—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof for containers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a shock absorption assembly for use with a cargo container handling spreader.
  • a spreader is a lifting frame which is attached to a crane or fork lift and is designed to lock onto a cargo container such as an ISO (International Standards Organisation) container.
  • Each container has four corner castings situated at the four corners of the container's upper surface. The corner castings are engaged by twistlock mechanisms carried on the spreader which enable the containers to be lifted safely.
  • Spreaders having telescopic arms are known which are able to be adjusted to pick up containers of various sizes and weights. These spreaders are provided on quayside cranes to load and unload containers ships. These spreaders are also used with gantry cranes and other lifting and transporting machines in container marshalling yards.
  • Spreaders are subjected to high shock and stress loads during engaging, lifting, disengaging and setting down operations. These shocks greatly contribute to the component failures experienced by the spreaders. This adversely affects the reliability of spreaders, necessitates extra maintenance of spreaders and reduces the life of spreaders.
  • EP-A-0442 154, DE-a-2 227 823 and DE-A-2 756 340 all disclose shock absorption assemblies for a cargo container handing spreader in which an engagement means for engaging and locking is rotatably journalled to a mounting means on the spreader and a shock absorber means is provided to absorb shocks when the engagement means is brought into engagement with the corner casting of the container.
  • EP-A-0 442 154 discloses a shock absorption assembly for a cargo container handling spreader, comprising: engagement means for engaging with and locking onto a cargo container corner casting; a mounting means for mounting the engagement means being journalled to the mounting means to allow rotation of the engagement means with respect to the mounting means and the mounting means being movable with respect to the spreader; actuation means for rotating the engagement means; and shock absorber means to absorb forces caused by movement of the mounting means with respect to the spreader.
  • the actuation means for rotating the engagement means is mounted remotely from the mounting means and is coupled to the engagement means by a complicated system of joints in order to accommodate the relative movement between the actuation means and the engagement means.
  • the present invention aims to provide a shock absorption assembly for a spreader which does not require the use of a complicated system of joints between the actuation means and the engagement means.
  • the shock absorption assembly of the present invention is characterised in that the mounting means is a mounting plate upon which the actuation means for rotating the engagement means is mounted.
  • the engagement means is journalled to the mounting plate to prevent lateral or longitudinal movement of the engagement means with respect to the mounting plate.
  • a spreader 1 for use with a quayside crane or the like comprises a main body 2 for attachment to the quayside crane or the like and a pair of telescopic arms 3 which extend from the main body 2 of the spreader 1.
  • the arms 3 extend horizontally from the main body 2 in a side-by-side relationship and are substantially parallel to one another.
  • the arms terminate in a single horizontal end beam 4 which is perpendicular to the pair of telescopic arms 3.
  • the other end of the spreader 1, which is not shown in Figure 1, corresponds.
  • the end beam 4 is hollow and houses, at each end of the end beam 4, a twistlock mechanism 5 for engaging a corner casting of a container to be lifted.
  • Figure 2 shows the twistlock mechanism 5 housed within the left hand end of the end beam 4 shown in Figure 1.
  • the end beam 4 has an upper surface 4A and a lower surface 4B.
  • twistlock mechanism 5 is secured in the corner of the end beam 4 by means of a twistlock mounting plate 6 enclosed in the corner of the end beam 4.
  • the end beam 4 is provided with a downwardly extending hollow leg 7.
  • the leg 7 and the corner of the end beam 4 define a chamber for housing both a shock absorption assembly embodying the present invention and the twistlock assembly 5.
  • the leg 7 is closed by a corner box 8 which fits inside the leg 7 and which is slidable up and down within the leg 7.
  • the twistlock assembly 5 comprises an elongate twistlock shaft 9 of circular cross-section formed with a rounded arrow head 10 at one end, which head 10 comprises the twistlock head 10.
  • the twistlock head 10 is only as wide as the diameter of the twistlock shaft 9 but the sides 11 of the twistlock head 10 are wider than the diameter of the twistlock shaft 9.
  • the twistlock shaft 9 is housed within a twistlock guide 12 and is rotatable therein.
  • the twistlock guide 12 has the same cross-section as the twistlock head 10 so that when the twistlock head 10 is aligned with the twistlock guide 12, the twistlock head 10 is flush with the twistlock guide 12 but, when the twistlock head 10 is rotated through 90° with respect to the twistlock guide 12, the sides 11 of the twistlock head 10 become exposed.
  • twistlock shaft 9 extends through the twistlock guide 12 and through the twistlock mounting plate 6 in which the twistlock shaft 9 is journalled by means of a spherical and annular thrust bearing and washer assembly 13.
  • the twistlock shaft 9 terminates on the other side of the twistlock mounting plate 6 opposite the twistlock head 10 in a split collar 14 to which is secured a twistlock cap 15.
  • the twistlock cap 15 is provided with an eccentric projection 16 which is best seen in Figure 3.
  • a lug 17 is mounted on the eccentric projection 16 which is engaged by an actuating piston 18 mounted, at its other end, to the twistlock mounting plate 6.
  • Actuation of the piston 18 causes the lug 17 to move through 90° about the centre of the twistlock cap 15 thereby rotating the twistlock head 10 at the other end of the twistlock shaft 9 through 90°.
  • This mechanism comprises the twistlock assembly 5 and allows the twistlock head 10 to engage or disengage a corner casting of a container in response to actuation of the actuating piston 18, which actuation is controlled by a spreader operator.
  • twistlock shaft 9 is journalled in the twistlock mounting plate 6 but no lateral or longitudinal movement of the twistlock mounting plate 6 with respect to the twistlock shaft 9 is permitted.
  • the corner box 8 which closes the end of the end beam leg 7 is formed with an aperture 19 through which the twistlock guide 12 and shaft 9 pass.
  • the twistlock guide 12 and the shaft 9 pass through a closed lower end of the corner box 8 which is herein termed the landing plate 20.
  • Four tie rods 21 (of which two can be seen in Figures 3 and 4) are fixed to and extend from the landing plate 20.
  • the tie rods 21 project through the twistlock mounting plate 6 and terminate at and are fixed to an absorber mounting plate 22.
  • a main shock absorber 23 is provided between the absorber mounting plate 22 and the upper surface 4A of the end beam 4 . Accordingly, should the corner box 8 come into contact with any surface likely to produce a shock, the main shock absorber 23 will be deformed to absorb that shock.
  • twistlock shaft 9 which is pivotly mounted on the twistlock mounting plate 6 pushes against the six tie rods 21, 24, thus causing the absorber mounting plate 22 to compress the main shock absorber 23.
  • the upper end of the corner box 8 is formed internally with a further plate in spaced relation to the landing plate 20, which further plate is herein termed the intermediate plate 25.
  • the intermediate plate 25 is not located immediately adjacent the upper end of the corner box 8 but is, instead, located slightly within the corner box 8 to define a small recess at the upper end of the corner box 8.
  • This recess is filled with an intermediate shock absorber 26 which is sandwiched between the intermediate plate 25 and the lower surface 4B of the end beam 4 such that, when the landing plate 20 comes into contact with another surface, not only is the main shock absorber 23 deformed to absorb shock but also the intermediate shock absorber 26 is deformed to absorb shock.
  • the main and intermediate shock absorbers 23, 26 may be made from materials such as engineering elastomers, both synthetic or natural, or a combination.
  • a hydraulic shock absorber may also be used in absorber 23.
  • the maximum compression of the intermediate shock absorber 26 is governed by the depth of the recess provided at the upper end of the corner box 8.
  • the intermediate shock absorber 26 When the intermediate shock absorber 26 is compressed by the landing plate 20 of the corner box 8 contacting a surface then, at maximum compression of the intermediate shock absorber 26, the edges of the corner box 8 will contact the lower surface 4B of the end beam 4 so that no more force will be absorbed by the intermediate shock absorber 26.
  • the twistlock head 10 is incorrectly aligned with a corner casting and is forced into the leg 7 of the end beam 4 compressing the main shock absorber 23, compression of the main shock absorber 23 is limited to the distance between the edge of the corner box 8 at the upper end and the lower surface 4B of the end beam 4 as shown in Figure 3.
  • Maximum compression is shown in Figure 5 which illustrates the twistlock head 10 being accurately located in a container corner casting, all the shocks being caused by the landing plate 20 contacting the corner casting rather than the twistlock head 10 contacting any part of the container corner casting.
  • Figure 6 shows the twistlock head 10 missing the aperture in a container corner casting and subsequently compressing the main and intermediate shock absorbers 23, 26.
  • twistlock mechanism 5 is allowed some degree of play in order to maximize the number of occasions upon which the twistlock head 10 can be located in an aperture in a corner casting.
  • a floating twistlock mechanism 5 may be provided such as the one shown in Figure 7.
  • This twistlock mechanism 5' may be entirely interchangeable with the mechanism 5 shown in Figures 1 to 6.
  • the rounded arrow-shape of the twistlock head 10 means that, should the twistlock head engage an edge of an aperture of a corner casting, then the twistlock shaft 9 is allowed to rotate about a point just above the twistlock cap 15 so that the twistlock head 10 can slide into the aperture.
  • Play or float may be provided by a pair of thrust washers 13 which secure the twistlock guide 12 and shaft 9 to the twistlock mounting plate 6.
  • the washers 13 are of a diameter slightly greater than that of the twistlock shaft 9, thereby allowing lateral movement of the shaft 9 with respect to the mounting plate 6.
  • the twistlock guide 12 may be provided with a necked portion 12' which allows movement of the twistlock shaft 9 within the aperture 19 in the landing plate 20 of the corner box 8.
  • the amount of float is limited to a maximum of 8 mm in any direction from the true centre line of the twistlock shaft 9.
  • the spreader can accommodate minor deformities, defects and inaccuracies in the manufactured corner castings and containers may thus be more easily engaged with the spreader.
  • engagement of the twistlocks in the corner castings becomes a faster operation since it requires less accuracy in the positioning of the spreader.
  • Figure 8 shows a spreader body shock absorber assembly 30 which provides shock absorption between the main body 2 of the spreader 1 and a telescopic arm 3 of the spreader 1.
  • a shock absorber 31 is mounted on the main body 2 of the spreader 1 by a mounting plate 32, the other end of the shock absorber 31 being attached to an arm plate 33.
  • An intermediate shock absorber 34 is provided on the arm plate 33 and is sandwiched between the arm plate 33 and a wear pad 35 which contacts the telescopic arm 3.
  • the telescopic arm 3 is slidable over the wear pad 35.
  • This shock absorber assembly 30 enables some of the shock imparted by the container onto the spreader 1 to be absorbed between the telescopic arms 3 and the main body 2 of the spreader 1, thus reducing the magnitude of any shocks transmitted to the main body 2 of the spreader 1.
  • Some spreaders 1 are produced for lifting twin 20-foot ISO containers. Such spreaders 1 may also incorporate shock absorption assemblies according to the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung für einen Spreader zum Handhaben von Frachcontainern, mit: einer Erfassungseinrichtung (5) zum Zusammenwirken mit und Verriegeln auf einem Eckbeschlag eines Frachtcontainers; einer Befesigungseinrichtung (6) zum Befestigen der Erfassungseinrichtung (5) auf einem Spreader (1), wobei die Erfassungseinrichtung (5) auf der Befestigungseinrichtung (6) gelagert ist, um eine Drehung der Erfassungseinrichtung in Bezug auf die Befestigungseinrichtung (6) zu ermöglichen, und die Befestigungseinrichtung (6) in Bezug auf den Spreader (1) bewegbar ist; einer Betätigungseinrichtung (18) zum Drehen der Erfassungseinrichtung (5); und einer Stoßdämpfungseinrichtung (23, 26) zum Dämpfen von Kräften, die durch Bewegung der Befestigungseinrichtung (6) in Bezug auf den Spreader (1) hervorgerufen werden; dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigungseinrichtung (6) eine Befestigungsplatte ist, auf der die Betätigungseinrichtung (18) zum Drehen der Erfassungseinrichtung (5) befestigt ist.
  2. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stoßdämpfungseinrichtung (23, 26) einen Stoßdämpfer (23) aufweist, der zwischen dem Spreader (1) und der Befestigungsplatte (6) angebracht ist.
  3. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Dämpferbefestigungseinrichtung (22) fest an der Befestigungsplatte (6) gehalten ist, wobei der Stoßdämpfer (23) zwischen der Dämpferbefestigungseinrichtung (22) und dem Spreader (1) angebracht ist.
  4. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anordnung in einem Endträger (4) eines Spreaders (1) untergebracht ist.
  5. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Aufsetzplatte (20) vorgesehen ist, durch die ein Teil der Erfassungseinrichtung (5) verläuft.
  6. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Zwischenstoßdämpfer (26) zwischen der Aufsetzplatte (20) und dem Spreader (1) zur weiteren Stoßdämpfung angeordnet ist.
  7. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Anzahl von Stangen (21) an der Aufsetzplatte (20) fixiert ist und sich von dieser erstreckt und an der Befestigungsplatte (6) endet und an dieser fixiert ist.
  8. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der Erfassungseinrichtung (5) aus dem Endträger (4) heraus und durch einen Eckkasten (8) verläuft, der verschieblich in Bezug auf den Endträger (4) gehalten ist, wobei der Eckkasten (8) den Zwischenstoßdämpfer (26) trägt und eine Fläche des Eckkastens (8) die Aufsetzplatte (20) bildet.
  9. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dämpferbefestigungseinrichtung (22), die Befestigungsplatte (6) und der Eckkasten (8) durch Zugstangen (21) fest miteinander verbunden sind.
  10. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erfassungseinrichtung (5) aus einer Drehschloßanordnung besteht.
  11. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Drehschloßanordnung (5) eine Drehschloßwelle (9) aufweist, wobei die Drehschloßwelle (9) drehbar in Bezug auf die Befestigungsplatte (6) gehalten ist und um ein begrenztes Maß in Bezug auf die Befestigungsplatte (6) schwenkbar ist, um einen Grad des Schwimmens für den Drehschloßkopf (10) der Drehschloßanordnung (5) bereitzustellen.
  12. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Erfassungseinrichtung (5) auf der Befestigungsplatte (6) gelagert ist, um eine seitliche oder Längsbewegung der Erfassungseinrichtung (5) in Bezug auf die Befestigungsplatte (6) zu verhindern.
  13. Stoßdämpfungsanordnung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche für einen Spreader (1) zum Handhaben von Frachtcontainern, der Teleskoparme (3) aufweist, mit einer Grundkörper-Stoßdämpfungsanordnung (30), die mit einem Ende (32) fest an einem Grundkörper (2) des Spreaders (1) und mit dem anderen Ende (35) verschieblich an einem Teleskoparm (3) des Spreaders (1) befestigt ist, um Kräfte zu dämpfen, die durch den Teleskoparm (3) an den Grundkörper (2) des Spreaders (1) übertragen werden.
EP95932160A 1994-10-13 1995-10-10 Stossdämpfvorrichtung für tragrahmen Expired - Lifetime EP0785902B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9420673 1994-10-13
GB9420673A GB2294027B (en) 1994-10-13 1994-10-13 A shock absorption assembly for a spreader
CN95195643.4A CN1070456C (zh) 1994-10-13 1995-10-10 吊具用的减震装置
PCT/IB1995/000860 WO1996011873A1 (en) 1994-10-13 1995-10-10 A shock absorption assembly for a spreader
HK98104718A HK1005616A1 (en) 1994-10-13 1998-06-01 A shock absorption assembly for a spreader

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0785902A1 EP0785902A1 (de) 1997-07-30
EP0785902B1 true EP0785902B1 (de) 1998-12-23

Family

ID=27179080

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95932160A Expired - Lifetime EP0785902B1 (de) 1994-10-13 1995-10-10 Stossdämpfvorrichtung für tragrahmen

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0785902B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3504669B2 (de)
CN (1) CN1070456C (de)
AU (1) AU3531995A (de)
CA (1) CA2202498A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69506898T2 (de)
GB (1) GB2294027B (de)
HK (1) HK1005616A1 (de)
WO (1) WO1996011873A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100718933B1 (ko) * 2000-06-22 2007-05-17 삼성중공업 주식회사 컨테이너 크레인의 스프레다 완충장치
NL1018049C2 (nl) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-12 Stinis Beheer Bv Wisselend belaste verbindingsconstructie en daarmee uitgeruste hijsinrichting.
GB2392432B (en) * 2001-06-22 2004-07-28 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd Lifting apparatus
WO2003000582A1 (en) * 2001-06-22 2003-01-03 Natsteel Engineering Pte. Ltd. Lifting apparatus
EP1458642B1 (de) 2001-10-29 2006-09-27 KCI Konecranes Plc Vorrichtung für eine verriegelungseinheit eines behälter-ladegeschirrs
DE102010007674B3 (de) * 2010-02-10 2011-06-30 Kapelski, Rainer, 24401 Laschplattform
CN102491161A (zh) * 2011-11-29 2012-06-13 李怀昌 一种集装箱吊具的转锁装置
GB2517967B (en) * 2013-09-06 2015-09-02 Strainstall Uk Ltd Twist-lock collar
CN107499737A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2017-12-22 朱友富 一种硬开顶集装箱的顶盖密封结构
CN110271787B (zh) * 2019-05-05 2020-05-05 丰疆智能科技股份有限公司 自动升降钮锁及其自动钮锁方法
CN110775820B (zh) * 2019-10-31 2021-01-08 三一海洋重工有限公司 吊具减震系统和减震方法

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GB1325009A (en) * 1970-04-21 1973-08-01 Rubery Owen & Co Ltd Means for connecting members together
US3734442A (en) * 1971-03-01 1973-05-22 T Lunde Container fastener means
DE2227823C3 (de) * 1972-06-08 1975-10-16 Friedrich Kocks Gmbh, 2800 Bremen Ladegeschirr für Container
DE2756340A1 (de) * 1977-12-17 1979-06-28 Man Wolffkran Eckverriegelungen an einem heb- und senkbaren tragrahmen fuer container
GB2031841A (en) * 1978-10-23 1980-04-30 Lancer Boss Ltd Load lifting frames or use with load lifting vehicles and equipment
EP0052119A1 (de) * 1980-05-23 1982-05-26 Ab Backtemans Patenter Spreader
EP0442154A1 (de) * 1990-02-14 1991-08-21 NLW Fördertechnik GmbH i.K. Tragrahmen für Container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3531995A (en) 1996-05-06
DE69506898T2 (de) 1999-05-12
JP3504669B2 (ja) 2004-03-08
CN1163600A (zh) 1997-10-29
CA2202498A1 (en) 1996-04-25
JPH10508566A (ja) 1998-08-25
WO1996011873A1 (en) 1996-04-25
HK1005616A1 (en) 1999-01-15
GB9420673D0 (en) 1994-11-30
CN1070456C (zh) 2001-09-05
GB2294027A (en) 1996-04-17
EP0785902A1 (de) 1997-07-30
DE69506898D1 (de) 1999-02-04
GB2294027B (en) 1997-12-03

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