WO2003000582A1 - Lifting apparatus - Google Patents

Lifting apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003000582A1
WO2003000582A1 PCT/SG2001/000131 SG0100131W WO03000582A1 WO 2003000582 A1 WO2003000582 A1 WO 2003000582A1 SG 0100131 W SG0100131 W SG 0100131W WO 03000582 A1 WO03000582 A1 WO 03000582A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fixing end
fixing
fixing member
frame
pickup element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SG2001/000131
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Chye Heng Chew
Original Assignee
Natsteel Engineering Pte. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Natsteel Engineering Pte. Ltd. filed Critical Natsteel Engineering Pte. Ltd.
Priority to GB0400157A priority Critical patent/GB2392433B/en
Priority to PCT/SG2001/000131 priority patent/WO2003000582A1/en
Priority to MYPI20022319A priority patent/MY130134A/en
Publication of WO2003000582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003000582A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B66C1/663—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof for containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/12—Platforms; Forks; Other load supporting or gripping members
    • B66F9/18—Load gripping or retaining means
    • B66F9/186—Container lifting frames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to lifting apparatus and especially, apparatus for lifting freight containers.
  • Freight containers are generally lifted using a metal frame (commonly known as a "spreader") attached to a hoist.
  • the spreader is lowered by the hoist onto the top surface of a container and engages with the container at each of its four corners.
  • the spreader engages with the container at each of the four corners using pickup elements known as twistlocks.
  • Each twistlock locates in a corresponding hole on each corner of the container. After being located in the holes, the twistlocks are rotated to lock the container to be lifted to the spreader.
  • the spreader can then be lifted by the hoist with the goods container attached. This enables the container to be transferred from one location to another location, such as between a dock and a ship or between two ground locations, such as from a storage position to a ground transportation vehicle.
  • twistlocks are attached to the spreader by providing a screw thread on the opposite end of the twistlock from the end which engages with the container, passing the threaded end through a fixing hole in the spreader and securing the twistlock to the spreader by means of a nut which is screwed onto the threaded end of the twistlock.
  • machining the end of the twistlock to form the recess can reduce the service life of the twistlock.
  • lifting apparatus for lifting a freight container comprises a frame and a number of pickup elements coupled to the frame, each pickup element comprising an engagement end adapted to engage with an engagement aperture in a freight container, and a fixing end at the opposite end, the fixing end including at least two formations on the external surface, each formation extending around the fixing end in a direction not parallel to a longitudinal axis of the pickup element, a fixing member engaged with the formations and a retaining device to retain the fixing member in engagement with the fixing end, the fixing member securing the pickup element to the frame when the fixing end of the pickup element is positioned in a securing position on the frame and the fixing member is engaged with the fixing end.
  • each formation extends continuously around the fixing end.
  • each formation defines a plane, which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pickup element.
  • the formations may comprise separate portions of a continuous helically shaped formation.
  • the formations may be recesses formed in the surface of the engagement end, shoulders extending outwardly from the surface of the engagement end, or a combination of recesses and outwardly extending shoulders.
  • the fixing member comprises first and second portions.
  • the first and second portions when the first and second portions are engaged with the fixing end, the first and second portions, together, extend around the fixing end.
  • the retaining device when engaged with the fixing member prevents disengagement of the fixing member with the fixing end by substantially preventing movement of the fixing member in a direction radially outwards from the longitudinal axis of the pickup elements.
  • the retaining device is removable to permit removal of the fixing member from the fixing end and thereby, removal of the pickup element from the frame.
  • the fixing end when the fixing end is in the securing position, the fixing end extends through an aperture, in the frame that is bigger than the fixing end but is smaller than combined the size of the fixing member and the fixing end when the fixing member is engaged with the fixing end. Therefore, engagement of the fixing member with the fixing end prevents withdrawal of the fixing end from the aperture in the frame.
  • the pickup element is substantially cylindrical and typically, the formations extend circumferentially around the fixing end.
  • the first and second engagement portions form a split collar type arrangement.
  • Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a section of a spreader showing a twistlock housing.
  • Figure 1 shows section of a spreader 1 that includes a twistlock housing 2 within which is located a twistlock 3.
  • the twistlock 3 is substantially cylindrical and has a central longitudinal axis 4.
  • the twistlock 3 has a profiled end 5 and a fixing end 6.
  • the profiled end 5 includes a profile 7 that is adapted to be inserted into a lifting aperture in a freight container to be lifted.
  • the lifting aperture has a profile that corresponds to the profile 7.
  • the fixing end 6 includes three circumferentially extending recesses 8, 9, 10 that are engaged by a split collar, which includes two collar sections 11 , 12.
  • the recesses could be formed by one or more helically extending recesses in the engagement end 6, and the split collar sections 11 , 12 would have mutually engaging formations.
  • the two collar sections 11 , 12 are retained in engagement with the recesses 8, 9, 10 by a retaining cap 13 which is held in position by a retaining bolt 14.
  • the retaining cap 13 also includes an arm section 15, which is coupled to a piston rod 26 of a hydraulic piston 16 by a securing bolt 17.
  • the other end of the hydraulic piston 16 is coupled by a securing bolt 18 to a mounting member 19 on the spreader 1.
  • the inner surfaces of the split collar sections 11 , 12 are formed with three shoulders 20, 21 , 22 which engage with the recesses 8, 9, 10 in the fixing end 6.
  • the fixing end 6 of the twistlock 3 is inserted through an aperture 23 in a cross member 24 within the twistlock housing 2.
  • the split collar sections 11 , 12 are engaged with the fixing end 6, as shown in Figure 1 , and the retaining cap 13 positioned over the fixing end and split collar sections 11 , 12 and secured in position using the bolt 14.
  • the piston rod 26 of the hydraulic piston 16 is then coupled to the arm 15 of the retaining cap 13 using the securing bolt 17.
  • a bearing 25 is located around the fixing end 6 adjacent to the cross member 24, such that the bearing 25 is located between the split collar sections 11 , 12 and the upper surface of the cross member 24.
  • the hydraulic piston 16 When the profiled end 7 is inserted into a lifting aperture in the container, the hydraulic piston 16 is actuated to extend the piston rod 26. This generates movement of the arm 15 in an arc around the central axis 4 to rotate the twistlock 3. The movement of the piston rod 26 is controlled (or limited) to ensure that the twistlock 3 only rotates approximately 90°.
  • the securing bolt 17 is removed to disengage the piston rod 26 from the arm 15, the retaining bolt 14 is removed and the cap 13 is removed from the split collar sections 11 , 12. This permits the split collar sections 11 , 12 to be removed from the fixing end 6 and the fixing end 6 to be withdrawn from the aperture 23.
  • the invention has the advantage that by providing a number of recesses 8, 9, 10 the surface area over which the twistlock 3 is supported by the split collar sections 11 , 12 is increased. This increases the fatigue life of the twistlock 3, while still permitting the twistlock 3 to be easily removed and minimising the problems associated with conventional arrangements for securing twistlocks to spreaders.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus for lifting a freight container has a frame (1) and a number of pickup elements (3) coupled to the frame (1). Each pickup element (3) has an engagement end (5), adapted to engage with an engagement aperture in a freight container, and a fixing end (6). The fixing end (6) is secured to the frame and the fixing end (6) includes at least two formations (8, 9, 10) formed in the fixing end. A fixing member (11, 12) is engaged with the formations (8, 9, 10) and a retaining device (13) retains the fixing member (11, 12) in engagement with the fixing end (6). The fixing member (11, 12) securing the pickup element (3) to the frame (1) when the fixing end (6) of the pickup element (3) is positioned in a securing position on the frame (1) and the fixing member (11, 12) is engaged with the fixing end (6).

Description

Lifting Apparatus
The invention relates to lifting apparatus and especially, apparatus for lifting freight containers.
Freight containers are generally lifted using a metal frame (commonly known as a "spreader") attached to a hoist. The spreader is lowered by the hoist onto the top surface of a container and engages with the container at each of its four corners. The spreader engages with the container at each of the four corners using pickup elements known as twistlocks. Each twistlock locates in a corresponding hole on each corner of the container. After being located in the holes, the twistlocks are rotated to lock the container to be lifted to the spreader. The spreader can then be lifted by the hoist with the goods container attached. This enables the container to be transferred from one location to another location, such as between a dock and a ship or between two ground locations, such as from a storage position to a ground transportation vehicle.
Conventionally, the twistlocks are attached to the spreader by providing a screw thread on the opposite end of the twistlock from the end which engages with the container, passing the threaded end through a fixing hole in the spreader and securing the twistlock to the spreader by means of a nut which is screwed onto the threaded end of the twistlock.
However, there are some disadvantages with this conventional fixing arrangement. In particular, due to the repeated jarring of the spreader, the nut is prone to loosening, the threads on the twistlock may become stripped due to the repeated jarring and there is a tendency for the thread to deform due to the jarring forces. If the thread deforms, this can result in it being difficult to remove the twistlock from the spreader, for example, for servicing or replacement.
One solution at mitigating these problems has been to replace the threaded end of the twistlock with a circumferentially extending recess, which is engaged by a formation on the inside of a split collar, and to retain the split collar in engagement with the recess by placing a retaining cap over the split collar.
While this mitigates the problems of the conventional nut loosening with the repeated jarring and the problem of deformation of the threads, as it is relatively easy to remove the retaining cap in order to release the collar for removable or replacement of the twistlock, this arrangement also has some disadvantages.
For example, machining the end of the twistlock to form the recess can reduce the service life of the twistlock.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, lifting apparatus for lifting a freight container comprises a frame and a number of pickup elements coupled to the frame, each pickup element comprising an engagement end adapted to engage with an engagement aperture in a freight container, and a fixing end at the opposite end, the fixing end including at least two formations on the external surface, each formation extending around the fixing end in a direction not parallel to a longitudinal axis of the pickup element, a fixing member engaged with the formations and a retaining device to retain the fixing member in engagement with the fixing end, the fixing member securing the pickup element to the frame when the fixing end of the pickup element is positioned in a securing position on the frame and the fixing member is engaged with the fixing end.
Preferably, each formation extends continuously around the fixing end.
In one example of the invention, each formation defines a plane, which is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pickup element.
In a second example of the invention, the formations may comprise separate portions of a continuous helically shaped formation.
The formations may be recesses formed in the surface of the engagement end, shoulders extending outwardly from the surface of the engagement end, or a combination of recesses and outwardly extending shoulders.
Preferably, the fixing member comprises first and second portions. Typically, when the first and second portions are engaged with the fixing end, the first and second portions, together, extend around the fixing end.
Typically, the retaining device when engaged with the fixing member prevents disengagement of the fixing member with the fixing end by substantially preventing movement of the fixing member in a direction radially outwards from the longitudinal axis of the pickup elements.
Typically, the retaining device is removable to permit removal of the fixing member from the fixing end and thereby, removal of the pickup element from the frame.
Typically, when the fixing end is in the securing position, the fixing end extends through an aperture, in the frame that is bigger than the fixing end but is smaller than combined the size of the fixing member and the fixing end when the fixing member is engaged with the fixing end. Therefore, engagement of the fixing member with the fixing end prevents withdrawal of the fixing end from the aperture in the frame.
Preferably, the pickup element is substantially cylindrical and typically, the formations extend circumferentially around the fixing end.
Preferably, the first and second engagement portions form a split collar type arrangement.
An example of lifting apparatus in accordance with the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a section of a spreader showing a twistlock housing. Figure 1 shows section of a spreader 1 that includes a twistlock housing 2 within which is located a twistlock 3. The twistlock 3 is substantially cylindrical and has a central longitudinal axis 4. The twistlock 3 has a profiled end 5 and a fixing end 6. The profiled end 5 includes a profile 7 that is adapted to be inserted into a lifting aperture in a freight container to be lifted. The lifting aperture has a profile that corresponds to the profile 7. When the twistlock 3 is rotated 90° about the longitudinal axis 4, the profile 7 is rotated within the lifting aperture in the container so that the profile 7 is prevented from being withdrawn from the lifting aperture. Therefore, when the profile 7 is inserted into a lifting aperture in the container and the twistlock 3 is rotated through 90°, the container is effectively secure to the spreader 1.
The fixing end 6 includes three circumferentially extending recesses 8, 9, 10 that are engaged by a split collar, which includes two collar sections 11 , 12. However, alternatively, the recesses could be formed by one or more helically extending recesses in the engagement end 6, and the split collar sections 11 , 12 would have mutually engaging formations. The two collar sections 11 , 12 are retained in engagement with the recesses 8, 9, 10 by a retaining cap 13 which is held in position by a retaining bolt 14. The retaining cap 13 also includes an arm section 15, which is coupled to a piston rod 26 of a hydraulic piston 16 by a securing bolt 17. The other end of the hydraulic piston 16 is coupled by a securing bolt 18 to a mounting member 19 on the spreader 1. The inner surfaces of the split collar sections 11 , 12 are formed with three shoulders 20, 21 , 22 which engage with the recesses 8, 9, 10 in the fixing end 6.
In use, the fixing end 6 of the twistlock 3 is inserted through an aperture 23 in a cross member 24 within the twistlock housing 2. After insertion of the fixing end 6 through the aperture 23, the split collar sections 11 , 12 are engaged with the fixing end 6, as shown in Figure 1 , and the retaining cap 13 positioned over the fixing end and split collar sections 11 , 12 and secured in position using the bolt 14. The piston rod 26 of the hydraulic piston 16 is then coupled to the arm 15 of the retaining cap 13 using the securing bolt 17.
Prior to engagement of the split collar sections 11 , 12 with the fixing end 6, a bearing 25 is located around the fixing end 6 adjacent to the cross member 24, such that the bearing 25 is located between the split collar sections 11 , 12 and the upper surface of the cross member 24.
When the profiled end 7 is inserted into a lifting aperture in the container, the hydraulic piston 16 is actuated to extend the piston rod 26. This generates movement of the arm 15 in an arc around the central axis 4 to rotate the twistlock 3. The movement of the piston rod 26 is controlled (or limited) to ensure that the twistlock 3 only rotates approximately 90°.
If it is necessary to remove the twistlock 3, for example for servicing or replacement, the securing bolt 17 is removed to disengage the piston rod 26 from the arm 15, the retaining bolt 14 is removed and the cap 13 is removed from the split collar sections 11 , 12. This permits the split collar sections 11 , 12 to be removed from the fixing end 6 and the fixing end 6 to be withdrawn from the aperture 23.
The invention has the advantage that by providing a number of recesses 8, 9, 10 the surface area over which the twistlock 3 is supported by the split collar sections 11 , 12 is increased. This increases the fatigue life of the twistlock 3, while still permitting the twistlock 3 to be easily removed and minimising the problems associated with conventional arrangements for securing twistlocks to spreaders.

Claims

1. Lifting apparatus for lifting a freight container comprises a frame and a number of pickup elements coupled to the frame, each pickup element comprising an engagement end adapted to engage with an engagement aperture in a freight container, and a fixing end at the opposite end, the fixing end including at least two formations on the external surface, each formation extending around the fixing end in a direction not parallel to a longitudinal axis of the pickup element, a fixing member engaged with the formations and a retaining device to retain the fixing member in engagement with the fixing end, the fixing member securing the pickup element to the frame when the fixing end of the pickup element is positioned in a securing position on the frame and the fixing member is engaged with the fixing end.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each formation extends continuously around the fixing end.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein each formation defines a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pickup element.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the formations comprise separate portions of a continuous helically shaped formation.
5. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the formations is a recess.
6. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein there are at least three formations.
7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fixing member comprises first and second portions.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, wherein when the first and second portions are engaged with the fixing end, the first and second portions, together, extend around the fixing end.
9. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the retaining device, when engaged with the fixing member, prevents disengagement of the fixing member with the fixing end by substantially preventing movement of the fixing member in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the pickup elements.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the retaining device is removable to permit removal of the fixing member from the fixing end and thereby, removable of the pickup element from the frame.
11. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein when the fixing end is in the securing position, the fixing end extends through an aperture, in the frame that is bigger than the fixing end but is smaller than the combined size of the fixing member and the fixing end when the fixing member is engaged with the fixing end.
12. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the pickup element is substantially cylindrical and the formations extend circumferentially around the fixing end.
13. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second engagement portions form a split collar type arrangement.
PCT/SG2001/000131 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Lifting apparatus WO2003000582A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0400157A GB2392433B (en) 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Lifting apparatus
PCT/SG2001/000131 WO2003000582A1 (en) 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Lifting apparatus
MYPI20022319A MY130134A (en) 2001-06-22 2002-06-21 Lifting apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2001/000131 WO2003000582A1 (en) 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Lifting apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003000582A1 true WO2003000582A1 (en) 2003-01-03

Family

ID=20428959

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SG2001/000131 WO2003000582A1 (en) 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Lifting apparatus

Country Status (3)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2392433B (en)
MY (1) MY130134A (en)
WO (1) WO2003000582A1 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2815186A1 (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-02-15 Wiener Brueckenbau Freight container lifting tackle - has recesses in telescoping beam rails and pressure plates alongside rollers to relieve them of load (OE 15.6.78)
WO1981002727A1 (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-01 R Taylor Locking device assembly at a lifting beam particularly for lifting containers
GB2294027A (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-17 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd A shock absorption assembly for container spreader

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2815186A1 (en) * 1977-08-02 1979-02-15 Wiener Brueckenbau Freight container lifting tackle - has recesses in telescoping beam rails and pressure plates alongside rollers to relieve them of load (OE 15.6.78)
WO1981002727A1 (en) * 1980-03-26 1981-10-01 R Taylor Locking device assembly at a lifting beam particularly for lifting containers
GB2294027A (en) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-17 Natsteel Engineering Pte Ltd A shock absorption assembly for container spreader

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY130134A (en) 2007-06-29
GB2392433B (en) 2004-07-28
GB0400157D0 (en) 2004-02-11
GB2392433A (en) 2004-03-03

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