EP0784485B1 - IMPFSTOFF-ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN enthaltend teil-deacetyliertes Chitin - Google Patents

IMPFSTOFF-ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN enthaltend teil-deacetyliertes Chitin Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0784485B1
EP0784485B1 EP95932078A EP95932078A EP0784485B1 EP 0784485 B1 EP0784485 B1 EP 0784485B1 EP 95932078 A EP95932078 A EP 95932078A EP 95932078 A EP95932078 A EP 95932078A EP 0784485 B1 EP0784485 B1 EP 0784485B1
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Prior art keywords
chitosan
vaccine composition
psa
haemagglutinin
mice
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95932078A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0784485A1 (de
EP0784485B8 (de
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Ltd Microscience
Lisbeth Professor;West Pharmaceutical ILLUM
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Kyowa Kirin Services Ltd
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West Pharmaceutical Services Drug Delivery and Clinical Research Center Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
    • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
    • C07K16/1018—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A61K39/145—Orthomyxoviridae, e.g. influenza virus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
    • A61K2039/541—Mucosal route
    • A61K2039/543—Mucosal route intranasal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55583—Polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55588—Adjuvants of undefined constitution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/16011—Orthomyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/16111—Influenzavirus A, i.e. influenza A virus
    • C12N2760/16134—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/16011—Orthomyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/16211—Influenzavirus B, i.e. influenza B virus
    • C12N2760/16234—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vaccine composition for intranasal administration comprising influenza virus antigens and a mucosal adjuvant.
  • the invention also relates to a method of immunising a patient against influenza by administering the said composition to the patient, and a method of enhancing the immunogenicity of an influenza viral antigen when administered intranasally, by co-administering therewith the said adjuvant.
  • the invention provides the use of an influenza viral antigen in combination with a chitosan for the manufacture of a vaccine composition for intranasal administration to immunise a patient against influenza.
  • Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase are the antigens to which protective antibody responses are directed, haemagglutinin being the major protective antigen.
  • haemagglutinin being the major protective antigen.
  • Such vaccines are believed to act primarily by eliciting circulating anti-haemagglutinin IgG antibodies that transudate into the lower respiratory tract.
  • parenteral vaccination is not effective at eliciting local antibody production, if there has been no previous mucosal exposure (e.g. infection).
  • the vaccine In order to stimulate the mucosal immune system, the vaccine must be applied topically to a mucosal surface.
  • Mucosal administration of influenza vaccine would have a number of advantages over traditional parenteral immunisation regimes. Paramount amongst these are more effective stimulation of the local mucosal immune system of the respiratory tract and the likelihood that vaccine uptake rates would be increased because the fear and discomfort associated with injections would be avoided. Accordingly, a number of attempts have been made to develop mucosal influenza vaccines. A drawback however is that inactivated vaccines are often poorly immunogenic when given mucosally.
  • EP 506 326 describes the use of certain diequatorially bound ⁇ 1-4 polyuronates or chitosan for cytokine stimulation.
  • Research articles Vaccine 2, 93 ( 1984 ) and Vaccine 5, 270 ( 1987 ) describe the immunological activity of chitosan and several of its derivatives. None of these documents either disclose or suggest influenza vaccine compositions adapted for intranasal administration comprising a chitosan that is a chitin which is at least 80% deacetylated.
  • Chitosans are derivatives of chitin or poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in which the greater proportion of the N-acetyl groups have been removed through hydrolysis.
  • Chitosans have previously been used in pharmaceutical formulations and are disclosed in EP-A-0460020 as mucosal absorption enhancers, However, EP-A-0460020 does not disclose or suggest that the chitosan could provide an adjuvant effect when administered in a vaccine composition.
  • a chitosan is incorporated into intranasal vaccine compositions containing the neuraminidase and haemagglutinin antigens of influenza virus, good systemic and local immune responses are produced.
  • the invention provides a vaccine composition adapted for mucosal administration; the composition comprising an influenza virus antigen(s); and an effective adjuvant amount of chitosan, the chitosan being a chitin which is at least 80% deacetylated.
  • the vaccine composition is preferably adapted for intra nasal administration.
  • composition contains both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase influenza virus antigens.
  • the invention provides a vaccine composition adapted for intranasal administration; the composition comprising purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase influenza virus antigens; and an effective adjuvant amount of a chitosan, the chitosan being a chitin which is at least 80% deacetylated.
  • the purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens are present in the form of rosettes.
  • the rosettes preferably are particles with a radius in the range 10 to 25 nanometres.
  • the rosettes are substantially free of lipid and, moreover, it is preferred that the purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens preparation as a whole is substantially free of lipids.
  • haemagglutinin/neuraminidase preparation suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention is the "Fluvirin” product manufactured and sold by Evans Medical Limited of Speke, Merseyside, United Kingdom, and see also S. Renfrey and A. Watts, Vaccine, 1994, Volume 12, Number 8, pp 747-752.
  • compositions can contain influenza virus antigens from a single viral strain, or from a plurality of strains.
  • the composition can contain antigens taken from up to three or more viral strains.
  • the composition can contain antigens from one or more strains of influenza A together with antigens from one or more strains of influenza B.
  • the chitosan is water-soluble.
  • the chitosan is at least 85% de-acetylated, and more preferably is 88% to 90% de-acetylated.
  • a particular de-acetylated chitosan is the "Sea Cure +" chitosan glutamate available from Protan Biopolymer A/S, Drammen, Norway.
  • the invention may further provide the use a chitosan as hereinbefore defined for the manufacture of an intranasal adjuvant composition for enhancing the immunogenicity of influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase when administered intranasally.
  • the invention provides a use of a composition as defined herein in a method of immunising a host against infection with influenza, which method comprises administering to a mucosal surface of the host (preferably intranasally) a vaccine composition comprising influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens together with an effective adjuvant amount of a chitosan as hereinbefore defined.
  • a vaccine composition comprising influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens together with an effective adjuvant amount of a chitosan as hereinbefore defined.
  • the invention provides a use of a composition as defined herein in a method of enhancing a protective IgA mucosal immune response and an IgG systemic immune response by administering (preferably intranasally) to a mucosal surface of the patient a vaccine composition comprising influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase; and an effective adjuvant amount of a chitosan as hereinbefore defined.
  • influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
  • the invention provides a use of a chitosan as defined herein in a method of enhancing the immune response of influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, (e.g. when administered intranasally), by co-administering therewith a chitosan as hereinbefore defined.
  • influenza virus antigens such as purified haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
  • compositions of the invention can be formulated as liquids or dry powders, for administration as aerosols or drops.
  • compositions for administration as nasal drops may contain one or more excipients of the type usually included in such compositions, for example preservatives, viscosity adjusting agents, tonicity adjusting agents, buffering agents and the like.
  • a solution e.g. for intranasal administration preferably has a pH in the range 5.5 to 6.5, most preferably approximately pH6.
  • a dispensing device may, for example, take the form of an aerosol delivery system, and may be arranged to dispense only a single dose, or a multiplicity of doses.
  • the vaccine will be administered to the patient in an amount effective to stimulate a protective immune response in the patient.
  • the vaccine may be administered to humans in one or more doses, each dose containing 1-250 microgrammes and more preferably 5-50 microgrammes of protein prepared from each virus strain.
  • haemagglutinin and neuraminidase preparations are prepared from three virus strains, e.g. 2 x Influenza A and 1 x Influenza B, a total dose of viral protein administered could be in the range 15-150 microgrammes.
  • mice from each group were terminally bled by cardiac puncture, their heads were removed and their nasal passages lavaged with 1ml PBS + 1% bovine serum albumin.
  • Group 5 contained four mice only so blood was obtained by tail puncture for the first two samples and nasal washes were only performed at the third sampling point.
  • lymphocytes were isolated from the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and the lungs and the local immune response analysed by ELISPOT.
  • Chitosan enhanced the serum response of intranasally administered PSA; after the third vaccination the antibody response in mice that received PSA + chitosan was 360-fold greater than that of mice receiving PSA alone I ⁇ N.
  • the magnitude of the serum response in the PSA + chitosan mice was very similar to that of S ⁇ C immunised mice; in fact there was no statistical difference in the GMT's of the two groups at any sampling point (Students t-Test p>0.01).
  • mice were immunised three times on successive days with PSA alone administered intranasally to study whether this regime had advantages over the once monthly regime. Although all the mice in this group had detectable serum antibodies 21 days after the first dose and the GMT at this time point was greater than in mice that had received a single dose of PSA intranasally, the number of mice seropositive decreased during the course of the study although the GMT did not (in this group the same mice were sampled at each time point). At the final time point the GMT of the mice on the monthly regime was an order of magnitude greater than mice on the daily regime.
  • PSA + Alhydrogel given subcutaneously was very poor at inducing a nasal IgA response which is consistent with our previous findings and those of others.
  • PSA alone given intranasally was also a poor mucosal immunogen although it was slightly better than subcutaneous immunisation in terms of the number of animals responding.
  • Adding chitosan greatly boosted the IgA response, although the response was low after the first dose, HA-specific IgA could be detected in three out of four mice. The IgA response was boosted greatly in these mice by the second immunisation. The final immunisation had little effect; in fact the mean specific IgA levels had decreased slightly.
  • ASC Local anti-HA antibody secreting cell response
  • Lymphocytes were isolated from the nasal mucosa and lung parenchyma of groups of four mice at the third sampling point. Lymphocytes from individual mice were pooled and assayed for cells secreting IgA, IgG and IgM anti-flu antibodies using ELISPOT. The results are shown in Figures 3a and 3b.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Claims (12)

  1. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung, die für eine Verabreichung über die Schleimhaut geeignet ist, wobei die Zusammensetzung ein Influenzavirus-Antigen und eine wirksame Hilfsstoff-Menge Chitosan enthält, wobei das Chitosan ein deacetyliertes Chitin ist, das zumindest zu 80% deacetyliert ist.
  2. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das Chitosan zumindest zu 85% deacetyliert ist.
  3. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 2, bei der das Chitosan zu 88% bis 90% deacetyliert ist
  4. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die für eine intranasale Verabreichung geeignet ist.
  5. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die sowohl Haemagglutenin- und Neuraminidase-lnfluenzavirus-Antigene enthält.
  6. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, die für eine intranasale Verabreichung geeignet ist, wobei die Zusammensetzung gereinigte Haemagglutenin- und Neuraminidase-Influenzavirus-Antigene und eine wirksame Hilfstoff-Menge Chitosan enthält.
  7. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, bei der die Haemagglutenin- und Neuraminidase-Influenzaviren in der Form von Rosetten vorhanden sind, die einen Radius im Bereich von 10 bis 25 Nanometer besitzen.
  8. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der das Chitosan wasserlöslich ist.
  9. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Zusammensetzung einen pH-Wert im Bereich von 5,5 bis 6,5 besitzt.
  10. Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 9, bei der der pH-Wert ungefähr 6 beträgt.
  11. Pharmazeutisches Produkt, das eine Abgabevorrichtung umfaßt, die zur intranasalen Abgabe einer Zusammensetzung geeignet ist, in Kombination mit einer Impfstoff-Zusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche.
  12. Pharmazeutisches Produkt nach Anspruch 11, bei der die Abgabevorrichtung ein Aerosol-Abgabesystem ist.
EP95932078A 1994-10-04 1995-09-21 IMPFSTOFF-ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN enthaltend teil-deacetyliertes Chitin Expired - Lifetime EP0784485B8 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9419979A GB9419979D0 (en) 1994-10-04 1994-10-04 Vaccine compositions
GB9419979 1994-10-04
PCT/GB1995/002231 WO1996010421A1 (en) 1994-10-04 1995-09-21 Vaccine compositions

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EP0784485A1 EP0784485A1 (de) 1997-07-23
EP0784485B1 true EP0784485B1 (de) 2002-12-18
EP0784485B8 EP0784485B8 (de) 2003-05-02

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US (1) US6048536A (de)
EP (1) EP0784485B8 (de)
JP (1) JP4240237B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100373593B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1097467C (de)
AT (1) ATE229816T1 (de)
AU (1) AU710930B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9509190A (de)
CA (1) CA2201598C (de)
DE (1) DE69529224T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0784485T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2192582T3 (de)
GB (1) GB9419979D0 (de)
MX (1) MX9702336A (de)
NZ (1) NZ292953A (de)
TW (1) TW426521B (de)
WO (1) WO1996010421A1 (de)

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JP3109886B2 (ja) * 1991-12-13 2000-11-20 デンカ生研株式会社 経鼻接種用ワクチン
GB9202464D0 (en) * 1992-02-05 1992-03-18 Danbiosyst Uk Composition for nasal administration
JPH06166635A (ja) * 1992-06-18 1994-06-14 San Five Kk 免疫アジュバント
GB9525083D0 (en) * 1995-12-07 1996-02-07 Danbiosyst Uk Vaccine compositions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0784485T3 (da) 2003-04-07
CA2201598C (en) 2006-12-12
JPH10506405A (ja) 1998-06-23
CA2201598A1 (en) 1996-04-11
TW426521B (en) 2001-03-21
KR970706018A (ko) 1997-11-03
EP0784485A1 (de) 1997-07-23
US6048536A (en) 2000-04-11
AU3526995A (en) 1996-04-26
EP0784485B8 (de) 2003-05-02
CN1097467C (zh) 2003-01-01
GB9419979D0 (en) 1994-11-16
ES2192582T3 (es) 2003-10-16
AU710930B2 (en) 1999-09-30
DE69529224T2 (de) 2003-07-24
JP4240237B2 (ja) 2009-03-18
WO1996010421A1 (en) 1996-04-11
NZ292953A (en) 2001-03-30
MX9702336A (es) 1997-06-28
KR100373593B1 (ko) 2003-05-09
BR9509190A (pt) 1997-10-21
CN1159761A (zh) 1997-09-17
DE69529224D1 (de) 2003-01-30
ATE229816T1 (de) 2003-01-15

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