EP0780628B1 - Brûleur à prémélange pour un générateur de chaleur - Google Patents

Brûleur à prémélange pour un générateur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0780628B1
EP0780628B1 EP96810786A EP96810786A EP0780628B1 EP 0780628 B1 EP0780628 B1 EP 0780628B1 EP 96810786 A EP96810786 A EP 96810786A EP 96810786 A EP96810786 A EP 96810786A EP 0780628 B1 EP0780628 B1 EP 0780628B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
premix burner
fuel
burner according
sectional bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96810786A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0780628A3 (fr
EP0780628A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans Peter Knöpfel
Thomas Ruck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
ABB Research Ltd Sweden
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland, ABB Research Ltd Sweden filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Publication of EP0780628A2 publication Critical patent/EP0780628A2/fr
Publication of EP0780628A3 publication Critical patent/EP0780628A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0780628B1 publication Critical patent/EP0780628B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a premix burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention how it is marked in the claims, the task lies based on a premix burner of the type mentioned flame stabilization with maximized efficiency and Achieve minimization of pollutant emissions.
  • the basic idea of the invention is the arrangement the fuel nozzle against the inflow of the combustion air a distance upstream in the from the cylindrical starting parts the conical part-encased area set back.
  • the mouth of the To stand the fuel nozzle in the area of a solid casing with openings at the same time radially around the nozzle mouth can be provided through which purge air in the by the Inflows cross-section induced fuel nozzle.
  • the flow cross section of these openings is chosen so that in Gas operation is the air mass flow flowing through these openings not sufficient to move the backflow zone further downstream.
  • the fuel spray works in liquid fuel mode practically as a jet pump, with which the air mass flow through the openings mentioned. This does one larger axial impulse that further downstream the backflow zone shifts.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that by the reset of the fuel nozzle with the fuel spray a larger cone radius in the main flow, i.e. in the Combustion air flowing through the tangential air inlet slots entry.
  • the fuel spray is in this Already decay from a film to drops and the The conical surface of this fuel spray has gotten into when entering into the area of the combustion air from the tangential Air inlet slots enlarged by a factor of 3. This improves the spread of the fuel spray and does not hinder the inflow of combustion air.
  • 1 shows a schematic representation of a premix burner, that described in more detail in the following Fig. 2-5 becomes.
  • 1 is the representation of the center placed fuel nozzle 103, which is opposite the beginning 125 of the conical flow cross section set back upstream is, distance 126 from the selected spray angle 105 depends.
  • the mouth 104 comes through this displacement the fuel nozzle 103 in the area of the head-side fixed casing 101a, 102a. That through the relocation of the fuel nozzle 103 arising fuel spray 105 occurs with a larger cone radius in that of the main flow of the combustion air in the interior 114 of the burner Area so that the fuel spray 105 in this area no more than a solid compact body behaves, but has already crumbled into drops and therefore can easily be penetrated by the combustion air flow.
  • the inflow of combustion air 115 into the fuel spray 105 is therefore due to the compactness of the fuel injection no longer hampers, which affects the mix quality in a positive sense, by the fact that Fuel spray 105 lighter through the combustion air can be penetrated.
  • the level of the fuel spray orifice 104 is radial or quasi-radial arranged openings 124 provided through which a purge air in the size of the fuel nozzle 103 flows into the induced cross section.
  • the flow cross section of these openings 124 is selected so that the gas air mass flow flowing through these openings is not sufficient, around the backflow zone (see FIG. 2, item 106) to move downstream.
  • Fuel spray 105 practically as a jet pump, with which the Air mass flow through the openings 124 mentioned. This causes a larger axial momentum, which is the backflow zone moves further downstream, which is a good measure prevents the flame from reigniting.
  • conical partial body 101, 102 is shown in Fig. 2-5 discussed in more detail.
  • tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 treated in more detail.
  • FIG. 2 Cuts according to Figures 3-5 are those shown schematically in FIGS. 3-5.
  • Baffles 121a, 121b have only been hinted at. The following is the description of FIG. 2 as needed referred to the remaining figures 3-5.
  • the burner 100 according to FIG. 2 is a premix burner and is made up of of two hollow conical part-bodies 101, 102 which are nested staggered.
  • the dislocation the respective central axis or longitudinal symmetry axes 101b, 102b of the tapered partial bodies 101, 102 to one another creates on both sides, in a mirror image arrangement, each have a tangential air inlet slot or duct 119, 120 free (see in particular Fig. 3-5), through which the Combustion air 115 in the interior of burner 100, i.e. in the cone cavity 114 flows.
  • the cone shape of the one shown Partial body 101, 102 has a certain direction of flow fixed angle.
  • the partial body 101, 102 in the direction of flow have an increasing or decreasing taper, similar a trumpet or tulip resp. Diffuser or confuser.
  • the last two forms are not included in the drawing, since they can be easily understood by the expert are.
  • the two conical partial bodies 101, 102 each have a cylindrical starting part 101a, 102a, which also, analogous to the conical partial bodies 101, 102 run to each other so that the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 available over the entire length of the burner 100 are.
  • a nozzle 103 housed opposite the inner cone tip is set back, as already shown in Fig. 1 closer to Explanation has come.
  • the injection capacity and the type this nozzle 103 depends on the specified parameters of the respective burner 100.
  • the burner can from a single partial body with a single tangential Air inlet slot or from more than two part bodies be executed.
  • the tapered body 101, 102 have the further each have a fuel line 108, 109 which runs along the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 and are provided with injection openings 117, through which is preferably a gaseous fuel 113 in the combustion air 115 flowing through there is injected, such as this is symbolized by arrows 116.
  • These fuel lines 108, 109 are preferably at the latest at the end of the tangential Inflow, before entering the cone cavity 114, placed. This is to ensure an optimal air / fuel mixture receive.
  • the latter holes 110a come into operation when necessary and ensure that Dilution air or cooling air 110b the front part of the Combustion chamber 122 is supplied. In addition, this ensures Air supply for flame stabilization at the outlet of the Brenners 100. This flame stabilization then becomes important when it comes to the compactness of the flame due to a support radial flattening.
  • advanced fuel is preferably a liquid fuel 112, a gaseous fuel is not excluded. These fuels can possibly enriched with a recirculated exhaust gas.
  • the liquid fuel 112 from the nozzle 103 forms a pronounced one conical fuel spray 105 that is tangential from the incoming rotating combustion air 115 enclosed becomes.
  • the concentration of the fuel is in the axial direction 112, also due to the already recognized transfer of the Nozzle 103, quickly and continuously through the incoming combustion air 115 degraded to optimal mixing. If the burner becomes 100 operated with a gaseous fuel 113, so it happens this is preferably via nozzles 117, the formation of which Fuel / air mixture directly at the transition of the air inlet slots 119, 120 to the cone cavity 114 is coming.
  • the fuel 112 is injected via the nozzle 103 fulfills the function of a head stage; it usually comes for commissioning and part-load operation.
  • the combustion air 115 is additional preheated or enriched with a recirculated exhaust gas, this supports the evaporation of what is used liquid fuel 112 sustainable before the combustion zone is achieved.
  • the same considerations apply also if via the lines 108, 109 instead of gaseous liquid Fuels are supplied.
  • the tapered Partial body 101, 102 with respect to the cone angle and Width of the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 are Adhere to narrow limits so that the desired flow field the combustion air 115 with the backflow zone 106 at the burner output. In general it can be said that a reduction in the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 the backflow zone 106 further upstream moves, but then the mixture earlier Ignition is coming.
  • the Baffles 121a, 121b have a flow initiation function these, according to their length, the respective End of the tapered partial body 101, 102 in the direction of flow extend towards the combustion air 115.
  • the Channeling the combustion air 115 into the cone cavity 114 can by opening or closing the guide plates 121a, 121b by one in the area of the entry of this channel into the Cone cavity 114 placed pivot point 123 can be optimized, this is particularly necessary if the original gap size the tangential air inlet slots 119, 120 changed becomes.
  • these can be dynamic arrangements can also be provided statically, as required Baffles are an integral part with the tapered partial bodies 101, 102 form.
  • the burner 100 can also can be operated without baffles, or others can Aids for this are provided.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Brûleur à prémélange pour un générateur de chaleur, se composant essentiellement d'au moins deux corps partiels coniques creux (101) et (102) emboítés l'un dans l'autre dans le sens de l'écoulement, avec des parties initiales cylindriques (101a) et (102a), dans lequel les axes de symétrie longitudinaux respectifs (101b, 102b) de ces corps partiels (101) et (102) sont décalés l'un par rapport à l'autre, de manière telle que les parois voisines l'une de l'autre des corps partiels (101) et (102) forment, selon l'extension longitudinale de ceux-ci, des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles (119) et (120) pour le passage d'un air de combustion vers l'espace creux conique (114) formé par les corps partiels (101) et (102), et dans lequel au moins un injecteur de combustible (103) est disposé dans l'espace creux conique (114), caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur de combustible (103) est disposé avec un décalage d'une distance (126) en amont de l'espace creux conique (114) à l'intérieur de la région enveloppée par les parties initiales cylindriques (101a) et (102a) des corps partiels (101) et (102).
  2. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que d'autres injecteurs de combustible (117) sont disposés dans la région des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles (119, 120) selon l'extension longitudinale de celles-ci.
  3. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur de combustible (103) fonctionne avec un combustible liquide (112) et les injecteurs de combustible (117) avec un combustible gazeux (113).
  4. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (101, 102) forment dans le sens de l'écoulement une section transversale d'écoulement régulièrement croissante.
  5. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (101, 102) présentent dans le sens de l'écoulement une conicité croissante.
  6. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (101, 102) présentent dans le sens de l'écoulement une conicité décroissante.
  7. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (101, 102) sont emboítés l'un dans l'autre en spirale.
  8. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'injecteur de combustible (103) est disposé sur l'axe du brûleur.
  9. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de passage des fentes d'entrée d'air tangentielles (119, 120) diminue dans le sens longitudinal du brûleur.
  10. Brûleur à prémélange suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, dans la région d'une injection (104) afférente à l'injecteur de combustible (103), des ouvertures disposées en position radiale ou quasi radiale (124), par lesquelles un courant massique d'air peut pénétrer dans une section transversale de passage formée en aval de l'injecteur de combustible (103).
EP96810786A 1995-12-21 1996-11-13 Brûleur à prémélange pour un générateur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP0780628B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19547914 1995-12-21
DE19547914A DE19547914A1 (de) 1995-12-21 1995-12-21 Vormischbrenner für einen Wärmeerzeuger

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0780628A2 EP0780628A2 (fr) 1997-06-25
EP0780628A3 EP0780628A3 (fr) 1997-10-22
EP0780628B1 true EP0780628B1 (fr) 2001-09-26

Family

ID=7780869

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96810786A Expired - Lifetime EP0780628B1 (fr) 1995-12-21 1996-11-13 Brûleur à prémélange pour un générateur de chaleur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5800160A (fr)
EP (1) EP0780628B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3842357B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1137341C (fr)
DE (2) DE19547914A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19652899A1 (de) * 1996-12-19 1998-06-25 Asea Brown Boveri Brenneranordnung für eine Gasturbine
EP0903540B1 (fr) * 1997-09-19 2003-04-09 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Brûleur pour la mise en oeuvre d'un générateur de chaleur
DE10051221A1 (de) * 2000-10-16 2002-07-11 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoff-Eindüsung
JP4913746B2 (ja) * 2004-11-30 2012-04-11 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド 予混合バーナー内の水素を燃焼する方法及び装置
FR3018900B1 (fr) * 2014-03-19 2016-04-15 Yahtec Dispositif de bruleur a pre melange gaz

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3179152A (en) * 1961-02-09 1965-04-20 Babcock & Wilcox Co Combination oil and gas burner
CH392746A (de) * 1962-01-12 1965-05-31 Elco Oelbrennerwerk Ag Brennerkopf
US3349826A (en) * 1965-06-09 1967-10-31 Babcock & Wilcox Co Combination oil and gas burner
US3339614A (en) * 1965-12-20 1967-09-05 Babcock & Wilcox Co Fuel burner plug
US4014639A (en) * 1975-04-10 1977-03-29 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Recirculating vortex burner
DE3427896A1 (de) * 1984-07-28 1986-01-30 Hans Georg Dipl.-Ing. Zimmermann (FH), 7100 Heilbronn Einblaseduese und deren anordnung im flammrohr, fuer oelbrenner mit aerosol-einblasung
EP0210462B1 (fr) * 1985-07-30 1989-03-15 BBC Brown Boveri AG Chambre de combustion double
US5193995A (en) * 1987-12-21 1993-03-16 Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Apparatus for premixing-type combustion of liquid fuel
CH674561A5 (fr) 1987-12-21 1990-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
CH680157A5 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1992-06-30 Asea Brown Boveri
US5240409A (en) * 1992-04-10 1993-08-31 Institute Of Gas Technology Premixed fuel/air burners
DE4412315B4 (de) * 1994-04-11 2005-12-15 Alstom Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben der Brennkammer einer Gasturbine
DE4426353A1 (de) * 1994-07-25 1996-02-01 Abb Research Ltd Brenner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5800160A (en) 1998-09-01
EP0780628A3 (fr) 1997-10-22
EP0780628A2 (fr) 1997-06-25
JP3842357B2 (ja) 2006-11-08
CN1163371A (zh) 1997-10-29
DE59607768D1 (de) 2001-10-31
JPH09184605A (ja) 1997-07-15
DE19547914A1 (de) 1997-06-26
CN1137341C (zh) 2004-02-04

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