EP0851172B1 - Brûleur et méthode pour la mise en oeuvre d'une chambre de combustion avec un combustible liquide et/ou gazeux - Google Patents

Brûleur et méthode pour la mise en oeuvre d'une chambre de combustion avec un combustible liquide et/ou gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0851172B1
EP0851172B1 EP97810838A EP97810838A EP0851172B1 EP 0851172 B1 EP0851172 B1 EP 0851172B1 EP 97810838 A EP97810838 A EP 97810838A EP 97810838 A EP97810838 A EP 97810838A EP 0851172 B1 EP0851172 B1 EP 0851172B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
air
flow
sectional
injection openings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97810838A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0851172A3 (fr
EP0851172A2 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Dr. Sattelmayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
Alstom Schweiz AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Schweiz AG
Publication of EP0851172A2 publication Critical patent/EP0851172A2/fr
Publication of EP0851172A3 publication Critical patent/EP0851172A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0851172B1 publication Critical patent/EP0851172B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
    • F23D2209/10—Flame flashback

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Step on the outer boundary of the swirl flow field particularly low speeds because at constant Total pressure in the arrangement of the static pressure from the inside rises to the outside, causing the dynamic pressure caused by the absolute speed is represented with increasing Radius is getting smaller. These low speeds may no longer be able to prevent the flame from the combustion chamber, along the boundary layer, into the burner. reproduces and can then overheat and destroy it.
  • the document DE-A1-44 09 918 describes a burner for operating a combustion chamber.
  • This burner consists essentially of at least two hollow, conical ones Partial bodies whose axes of longitudinal symmetry are offset from one another, which means that they flow opposite air inlet slots for a combustion air flow arise.
  • the burner points to the regularly arranged openings on the entire surface through which a gaseous Fuel with a certain calorific value is injected into the cone cavity. The Injection of the gas is injected at high speed, so that in front of the flame front a homogeneous mixture is present.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention how it is characterized in the claims, the task lies based on precautions for a burner of the type mentioned to meet those capable of a flashback to prevent safely.
  • the main advantage of the invention is that that this additional device of the simplest design is, and be installed as required in the burner mentioned can intervene without changing the basic concept of the same to have, with which such a burner, which is at medium compressor pressure ratios already well proven has, also for the further development stages of Gas turbines can be taken over and used.
  • additional air is injected along made of the burner walls, preferably in the downstream half of the burner.
  • This additional air forms a film along the wall and mixes it then slowly with the fuel-enriched main flow.
  • the essential improvement in security against one Backfire is based on two principles.
  • a weighty dilution of the mixture is carried out. There the burner is operating near its lean extinguishing limit weak local dilution of the mixture results along the walls to the desired loss of flammability of the mixture along the walls.
  • this additional air is injected so that the axial speed is increased along the wall, which is also convenient affects the operation of such a burner.
  • the pulse density ratio between film air and main flow in the range of 1 since both flows are common be accelerated from the same total pressure. Other impulses are also easily conceivable, they have striven for Effect no negative effects.
  • Fig. 1 shows a burner in a perspective view.
  • Fig. 2 For a better understanding of the subject, it is advantageous if at the same time when studying Fig. 1 based on the description Fig. 2 is also used.
  • Partial bodies 1, 2 which are nested offset from one another are.
  • Conical here not just the one shown, with a fixed opening angle understood cone shape understood, but it closes also other configurations of the partial bodies, one such Diffuser or diffuser-like shape as well as a confuser or confuser-like shape. These forms are present not shown, since it is the person skilled in the art are common.
  • the displacement of the respective central axis or Longitudinal axis of symmetry of the partial bodies 1, 2 to one another see Fig. 2, Pos.
  • the two tapered Partial bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part 9, 10, which also, analogously to the aforementioned partial bodies 1, 2, offset to each other, so that the tangential Air inlet channels 5, 6 over the entire length of the Brenner are present.
  • a nozzle 11 for preferably atomizing a liquid fuel 12 housed such that their injection approximately with the narrowest cross section of the the partial body 1, 2 formed conical cavity 8 coincides.
  • the injection capacity and the operating mode of this Nozzle 11 depends on the given parameters of the respective Burner.
  • the fuel injected through the nozzle 11 12 can be enriched with a recirculated exhaust gas if necessary become; then it is also possible through the nozzle 11 to provide the complementary injection of a quantity of water.
  • the burner can be purely tapered, i.e. without cylindrical initial parts 9, 10 may be formed.
  • the partial body 1, 2 each have a fuel line 13, 14, which along the tangential inlet channels 5, 6 arranged and provided with injection openings 15, through which preferably a gaseous fuel 16 in the combustion air 7 flowing there is injected, as this is symbolized by arrows 16, these Injection at the same time the fuel injection level (see Fig. 3, item 22) of the system.
  • These fuel lines 13, 14 are preferably at the latest at the end of the tangential inflow, before entering the cone cavity 8, placed this to ensure an optimal air / fuel mixture.
  • the burner On the combustion chamber side, the burner has an anchor for the partial body 1, 2 serving front panel 18 with a number Bores 19 through which a mixing or Cooling air 20 or the front part of the combustion chamber 17 Wall is fed.
  • Liquid fuel 12 is used to operate the burner the central nozzle 11 is used, this is under one acute angle in the cone cavity 8 or in the combustion chamber 17 injected. A nozzle is thus formed from the nozzle 11 Fuel profile 23, which flows in from the tangential rotating combustion air 7 is enclosed. In axial Direction is the concentration of the fuel injected 12 continuously through the incoming combustion air 7 an optimal mixture degraded. If the burner with a operated gaseous fuel 16, this can in principle also happen via the fuel nozzle 11, preferably but this is done via the injection openings 15, wherein the formation of this fuel / air mixture right at the end the air inlet channels 5, 6 comes about.
  • a backflow zone also forms there or backflow bladder 24 (vortex breakdown) with one opposite the flame front 25 acting there stabilizing Effect one, in the sense that the backflow zone 24 has the function of a disembodied flame holder.
  • the optimal fuel concentration across the cross-section is only in the area of vertebral bursting, i.e. in the area the backflow zone 24 reached. Only at this point then a stable flame front 25.
  • the flame stabilizing Effect results from the cone cavity 8 forming swirl number in the direction of flow along the cone axis. The flame strikes back inside the burner therefore occurs due to this fluidic specification not on.
  • Fig. 2 shows the same burner according to Fig. 1 but from a different one Perspective and in a simplified form.
  • This figure 2 mainly wants the disposition of the two conical ones Show part body 1, 2 and their offset to each other.
  • the Displacement of the respective central axis 3, 4 of the two partial bodies to each other, based on the main central axis 26 of the Burner, which is the main axis of the central fuel nozzle 11 corresponds to the respective size of the flow openings the tangential air inlet ducts 5, 6.
  • the central axes 3, 4 run parallel to each other here.
  • Zone 27 in which the placements of Means for the injection of additional air takes place.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a development 28 of a conical partial body, which schematically shows zone 27 within which has a specific configuration of injection openings for additional air, which ensure a reignition lock, is taken as a basis.
  • the orientation of the injection openings 29 as well as their number and size will be the respective Flow conditions in the burner adjusted.
  • the final Purpose is primarily aimed at the reignition barrier.
  • the individual oblique lines 30 want the placement of the symbolize individual rows of the injection openings 29.
  • the arrows 31 point to the outflow direction of the Additional air indicate that is at right angles to the Level 30 of the injection openings 29 runs. This outflow direction can, however, range from purely axial to direction the main flow vary. For better understanding are in this processing 28 a single row and one Double row of injection openings 29 shown. The corresponding cuts are then shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 4 shows the design of a simple row of injection openings 29.
  • the additional air 32 is here under one injected acute angle with respect to the swirl flow 7a, that is flat to the inner wall of the corresponding partial body 2, this around improve film production.
  • FIG. 5 shows a double row of injection openings 29. Basically, the same precautions are taken here as described in Fig. 3.
  • the injection openings 33 run in the area the inner wall of the corresponding partial body 2 fan-shaped, as shown in Fig. 7, which is a plan view.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Brûleur pour la mise en oeuvre d'une chambre de combustion avec un combustible liquide et/ou gazeux (12, 16), dans lequel le brûleur se compose d'au moins deux corps partiels coniques creux (1, 2), engagés l'un dans l'autre dans le sens de l'écoulement, dans lequel les axes centraux (3, 4) de ces corps partiels (1, 2) sont déportés l'un par rapport à l'autre, dans lequel les parois voisines des corps partiels (1, 2) forment des canaux d'entrée d'air tangentiels (5, 6) pour un air de combustion (7), et dans lequel au moins un injecteur de combustible (11, 15) est présent dans l'espace conique creux (8) formé par les corps partiels (1, 2), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un corps partiel (1, 2) présente au moins une zone (27), à l'intérieur de laquelle sont prévus un certain nombre d'orifices d'injection (29, 33) pour l'injection d'un air d'appoint (32) qui, considérés dans le sens de l'écoulement du brûleur, présentent un angle aigu par rapport à la paroi intérieure du corps partiel (1, 2).
  2. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un certain nombre d'injecteurs de combustible (15) espacés l'un de l'autre sont disposés dans la région des canaux d'entrée d'air tangentiels (5, 6), selon la longueur du brûleur.
  3. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'espace conique creux (8) augmente uniformément dans le sens de l'écoulement.
  4. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'espace conique creux (8) forme, dans le sens de l'écoulement, un diffuseur, un profil analogue à un diffuseur, un confuseur, un profil analogue à un confuseur.
  5. Brûleur suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les corps partiels (1, 2) sont engagés l'un dans l'autre en forme de spirale.
  6. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que chaque corps partiel (1, 2) présente au moins une zone (27).
  7. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'injection (29, 33) forment plusieurs lignes parallèles espacées (30) à l'intérieur de la au moins une zone (27).
  8. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'injection (29, 33) sont disposés en éventail.
  9. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'injection (29, 33) sont disposés dans une direction, qui va de la direction axiale du brûleur jusqu'à la direction de l'écoulement principal.
  10. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'injection (29, 33) sont disposés dans la seconde moitié du brûleur située vers l'aval.
  11. Brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les orifices d'injection (29, 33) sont des fentes d'injection.
  12. Procédé pour la mise en oeuvre d'un brûleur suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel le brûleur se compose d'au moins deux corps partiels coniques creux (1, 2), engagés l'un dans l'autre dans le sens de l'écoulement, dans lequel les axes centraux (3, 4) de ces corps partiels (1, 2) sont déportés l'un par rapport à l'autre, dans lequel les parois voisines des corps partiels (1, 2) forment des canaux d'entrée d'air tangentiels (5, 6), et dans lequel au moins un injecteur de combustible (11, 15) est présent dans l'espace conique creux (8) formé par les corps partiels (1, 2),
    a) dans lequel de l'air de combustion (7) pénètre par les canaux d'entrée d'air tangentiels (5, 6) dans une section de prémélange formée par les corps partiels (1, 2),
    b) dans lequel au moins un combustible (12, 16) est injecté par le au moins un injecteur de combustible (11, 15) dans l'espace conique creux (8), et
    c) dans lequel un écoulement tourbillonnant (7a) est formé dans l'espace conique creux (8) par l'air de combustion (7) et le combustible (12, 16),
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un corps partiel (1, 2) présente au moins une zone (27), à l'intérieur de laquelle de l'air d'appoint (32) est injecté par des orifices d'injection (29, 33) dans l'écoulement tourbillonnant (7a), sous un angle aigu par rapport à la paroi intérieure du corps partiel (1, 2) en regardant dans le sens d'écoulement du brûleur, en vue de la formation d'un film le long de la paroi intérieure.
  13. Procédé suivant la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que l'air d'appoint (32) est injecté dans la seconde moitié du brûleur située vers l'aval.
  14. Procédé suivant la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que l'air d'appoint (32) est injecté dans l'écoulement tourbillonnant (7a) en plusieurs lignes parallèles espacées (30) à l'intérieur de la au moins une zone (27).
  15. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'air d'appoint (32) est injecté dans une direction, qui va de la direction axiale du brûleur jusqu'à la direction de l'écoulement principal.
  16. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse axiale le long de la paroi intérieure du corps partiel (1, 2) est augmentée par l'injection de l'air d'appoint (32).
EP97810838A 1996-12-23 1997-11-07 Brûleur et méthode pour la mise en oeuvre d'une chambre de combustion avec un combustible liquide et/ou gazeux Expired - Lifetime EP0851172B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19654116A DE19654116A1 (de) 1996-12-23 1996-12-23 Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer mit einem flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoff
DE19654116 1996-12-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0851172A2 EP0851172A2 (fr) 1998-07-01
EP0851172A3 EP0851172A3 (fr) 1999-06-09
EP0851172B1 true EP0851172B1 (fr) 2003-07-16

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EP97810838A Expired - Lifetime EP0851172B1 (fr) 1996-12-23 1997-11-07 Brûleur et méthode pour la mise en oeuvre d'une chambre de combustion avec un combustible liquide et/ou gazeux

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US (1) US5921770A (fr)
EP (1) EP0851172B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19654116A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6141954A (en) * 1998-05-18 2000-11-07 United Technologies Corporation Premixing fuel injector with improved flame disgorgement capacity
DE59812944D1 (de) * 1998-09-16 2005-08-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Baden Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Strömungsinstabilitäten in einem Brenner
EP1001214B1 (fr) * 1998-11-09 2004-09-15 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Brûleur
EP1002992B1 (fr) * 1998-11-18 2004-09-29 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Brûleur
DE10051221A1 (de) * 2000-10-16 2002-07-11 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoff-Eindüsung
WO2006058843A1 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-06-08 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de combustion d'hydrogene dans un bruleur a premelange
JP5453322B2 (ja) 2008-03-07 2014-03-26 アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド バーナ装置並びにバーナ装置の使用
WO2009109454A1 (fr) 2008-03-07 2009-09-11 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé et ensemble brûleur servant à produire du gaz chaud et utilisation dudit procédé
CH703655A1 (de) * 2010-08-27 2012-02-29 Alstom Technology Ltd Vormischbrenner für eine gasturbine.
EP2685162A1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2014-01-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Brûleur de prémélange du type multi-cônes destiné à une turbine à gaz et procédé de fonctionnement d'un tel brûleur
EP2685161B1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2018-01-17 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Agencement de chambre de combustion, en particulier pour turbine à gaz
EP2685160B1 (fr) * 2012-07-10 2018-02-21 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Brûleur de prémélange du type multi-cônes destiné à une turbine à gaz
EP2685163B1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2020-03-25 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Brûleur de prémélange du type multi-cônes destiné à une turbine à gaz
GB2512894A (en) * 2013-04-10 2014-10-15 David Thomas Bell Inward firing multiple zoned gas burner
EP3299720B1 (fr) 2016-09-22 2020-11-04 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Ensemble avant de chambre de combustion pour turbine à gaz
KR101990767B1 (ko) 2017-08-09 2019-06-20 한국기계연구원 이중 원추형 가스터빈용 버너 및 이 버너에 공기를 공급하는 방법
DE102018005192B3 (de) 2018-07-02 2019-12-05 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Brennervorrichtung
US11852319B2 (en) * 2021-02-26 2023-12-26 Armando Parra Control means for vortex flame device

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FR758974A (fr) * 1933-07-28 1934-01-26 Indugas Ind U Gasofen Bauges M Brûleur à gaz à longueur de flamme réglable
US2665748A (en) * 1949-05-27 1954-01-12 Frank H Cornelius Fuel burner
US3951584A (en) * 1974-05-23 1976-04-20 Midland-Ross Corporation Self-stabilizing burner
US3975141A (en) * 1974-06-25 1976-08-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Combustion liner swirler
US3958416A (en) * 1974-12-12 1976-05-25 General Motors Corporation Combustion apparatus
CH674561A5 (fr) 1987-12-21 1990-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
CH680157A5 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1992-06-30 Asea Brown Boveri
DE4330083A1 (de) * 1993-09-06 1995-03-09 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners
DE4409918A1 (de) * 1994-03-23 1995-09-28 Abb Management Ag Brenner zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer
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DE19545036A1 (de) * 1995-12-02 1997-06-05 Abb Research Ltd Vormischbrenner
DE19545310B4 (de) * 1995-12-05 2008-06-26 Alstom Vormischbrenner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5921770A (en) 1999-07-13
EP0851172A3 (fr) 1999-06-09
EP0851172A2 (fr) 1998-07-01
DE59710441D1 (de) 2003-08-21
DE19654116A1 (de) 1998-06-25

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