EP0773180B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour augmenter la sécurité des ascenseurs - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour augmenter la sécurité des ascenseurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0773180B1
EP0773180B1 EP96117251A EP96117251A EP0773180B1 EP 0773180 B1 EP0773180 B1 EP 0773180B1 EP 96117251 A EP96117251 A EP 96117251A EP 96117251 A EP96117251 A EP 96117251A EP 0773180 B1 EP0773180 B1 EP 0773180B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
safety
lift
drive
cage
elevator car
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP96117251A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0773180A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dipl. El.-Ing. Eth Spiess
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
    • B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
    • B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
    • B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining a Deviation of an elevator car from a temporal one Course of the route including the driving curve and a Elevator device, which, to increase the security of Elevators, if the elevator car deviates from the Driving curve greater than the given safety tolerances appropriate emergency stops or other safety devices trigger.
  • Modern elevators have an elevator control system which, according to optimized algorithms and applicable safety regulations for a single elevator car and / or for groups of Elevators, driving parameters for a ride in an elevator car calculated and this to a controller for one Cabin drive passes on, such as in the Patent EP 0 110 095 is described.
  • driving parameters for a ride in an elevator car calculated and this to a controller for one Cabin drive passes on, such as in the Patent EP 0 110 095 is described.
  • For controlling the cab drive are usually, such as from the patents DE 3 818 083 and US 4 887 695 refer to additional resources for monitoring the Driving curve of the elevator car used, the driving curve a certain position of the cabin at a certain time is to by means of control of the cabin drive correct. There are only such deviations from the Driving curve allowed within a certain, mostly prescribed safety tolerance are at their There is a risk to safety.
  • speed limiters are known from practice which, as is described, for example, in patent specification EP 498 597, mechanically triggers a braking system in one of the directions of travel when the elevator car speeds are too high, which braking system is referred to as a safety device.
  • Tachometers which have a speed-dependent voltage for triggering a braking system (for example US 5 366 045 or DE 2 128 662) are known, as is the use of acceleration sensors for the detection of faults (for example DE 3 934 492).
  • a major disadvantage of these safety systems is that the emergency stop triggered in the event of a corresponding fault always occurs with the safety gear of the elevator car, which often leads to a very violent jerk, hard-to-release wedging of the brakes with the guide elements of the elevator car and / or damage to these parts . Furthermore, these safety systems have a relatively large delay in certain cases, so that, for example, a broken rope or a power failure only triggers the safety gear when excessive acceleration or speed triggers the corresponding system. None of the known safety systems is able to detect both deviations from the position, the speed and the acceleration of the elevator car.
  • Optical, electronic, electromagnetic or other sensors are known, for example a distance meter working with laser beams, which can determine the position, the speed and the acceleration, but which do not guarantee the required safety.
  • these systems are very susceptible to faults due to, for example, electromagnetic fields, dust or vibrations, which means a very high outlay for maintenance, calibration and maintenance.
  • these devices have no inevitable, that is to say the most direct possible mechanical connection between the detection of an impermissible deviation and the triggering of a safety device, which is generally required.
  • the object of the present invention is a Method and an elevator device for early Detect faults or deviations from the optimal one Driving curve, speed and acceleration of the Elevator car larger than the safety tolerances and to Triggering emergency stops or other security, which is essentially independent of the control of the Cabin drive is, with the disadvantages mentioned above be overcome.
  • this is done using a method according to Claim 1, or an elevator device according to Claim 5 solved by that of an elevator control calculated driving parameters to a drive control a cabin drive for moving and positioning the Elevator car can be passed on, even to a second one Drive control of a reference drive are given, so that a moved and positioned by the reference drive Triggering part the same, calculated by the elevator control Has driving curve, the trigger part with the elevator car is movably connected so that from the trigger part Safety switch triggered to stop the elevator car if the deviation of the elevator car from the Driving curve is greater than a certain safety tolerance.
  • This second drive control for the reference drive or this reference drive control corresponds to a conventional control equipped with microprocessors for controllable drives and motors.
  • the travel parameters calculated for the travel of the elevator car by the elevator control are taken over as data by the reference control and converted into corresponding control signals for the supply of the reference drive.
  • the reference drive which is usually an electric motor, causes a trigger part to move parallel to the elevator car. This movement can result, for example, from the fact that the reference drive at the upper end of the shaft in which the elevator car is moved vertically is mounted in a stationary manner and drives an endless cable that, according to the driving curve, the triggering part attached to it in the same fall line as the elevator car moved vertically.
  • the reference drive drives a trolley, with which it can move vertically in the shaft along a guide rail of the elevator car, for example, and thus the release part is guided on a rope or on a rigid means, for example a light metal carrier, in accordance with the travel curve.
  • a trolley with which it can move vertically in the shaft along a guide rail of the elevator car, for example, and thus the release part is guided on a rope or on a rigid means, for example a light metal carrier, in accordance with the travel curve.
  • Further solutions for guiding the trigger part in parallel with respect to the movement of the elevator car are obvious. Since the reference drive only drives the release part and its holding means, it can be dimensioned correspondingly small, so that, for example, bridging power failures by means of batteries or accumulators is possible without great effort.
  • the significantly smaller and more uniform load on the reference drive compared to the cabin drive generally increases its reliability, and, analogously to the cabin drive control, additional sensors can also be used for regulating the reference drive control.
  • the trigger part is a component that borders the elevator car to the extent that a controllable movement of the trigger part relative to the elevator car is possible.
  • a guide that runs parallel to the movement of the triggering part and elevator car for example a U-shaped profile, can accommodate the triggering part and thus enable a guided, relative displacement in the event of deviating driving curves of the triggering part and elevator car.
  • a controlled movement is also by means of an axis which is offset from the means with which the reference drive holds and guides the release part and which rotatably connects the release part to the elevator car.
  • a switch which is an optical, electrical, electromechanical or purely mechanical Switch is mounted on the elevator car of the kind that accordingly when the tolerable deviation is exceeded the switch due to the relative movement of the trigger part Elevator car is operated.
  • the operation of the switch can continue an alarm, an emergency stop of the drives or otherwise an existing one, such as a safety gear, or trigger additional safety device.
  • another switch is mounted on the cabin is so that both when starting up and shutting down the Elevator cabin has a safety tolerance.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is the attachment of several safety switches with different sizes Security tolerances. This allows the Deviations from the driving curve, for example, only an alarm be triggered before an emergency stop of the drives by one second switch, or even by another Switch the safety gear is operated directly mechanically. It is also advantageous if the safety tolerances are followed through sliding or switchable on and off switch variable are. For example, at the beginning or at the end of the Driving curve where the position of the elevator car is as accurate as possible must match the corresponding floor, one smaller safety tolerance can be set than with the Drive between floors.
  • the present method and the device for The procedure can also be carried out on existing ones Security systems can be used by, for example between the elevator car and a governor rope, the one Speed limiter drives, a game is installed, so that the governor rope is driven by the reference drive becomes. Within the game you can switch accordingly positioned in addition to the safety gear other safety devices, such as an emergency stop of the drives can trip before the safety gear is triggered.
  • a major advantage of the invention is that it is practical any deviations from the driving curve that pose a danger to the Are safety, such as crossing floors or shaft ends, too high and too low speeds or accelerations, impermissible rope stretching and Broken ropes are detected and when the Security tolerances inevitably correspond Trigger safety switch. That is particularly advantageous Possibility of realizing several different ones Security tolerances, so that an alarm, an emergency stop of the Drives or other safety device triggered can be operated before the safety gear operated in usually to a prolonged failure of the elevator and one correspondingly high maintenance costs.
  • the inventive method corresponding deviations from the driving curve Safety gear triggered earlier, that means in front of you Response of the speed limiter and thus before reach a maximum speed.
  • the through the Safety gear caused wedging and damage typically between the brakes and the guide rails the elevator car are due to the smaller catching forces much lower, especially since the catch force squared Speed increase. They are correspondingly smaller Braking forces and the jerk for loading the elevator car.
  • the method and its device are to be carried out due to the inevitable, i.e. mechanical coupling of Detect the fault and trigger one Security device, compared to the purely electronic and / or sensor systems much safer.
  • the sequence of the inventive method as shown in FIG. 1 is shown as a foot diagram, shows a sketch Traffic control loop, which is essentially through the Elevator control or, in the case of several elevator cars, is formed by group control.
  • the call signals and other inputs, starting from control panels on the Floors or in the elevator car, are from the Elevator control recorded and by means of predetermined Control programs implemented in corresponding driving parameters.
  • These driving parameters are sent as signals or data to the Control of the Kanbinenantrieb passed so that the Cabin drive the elevator car according to the calculated Driving curve from the current floor to the desired floor emotional.
  • the elevator car control usually forms its own control loop, the position that Acceleration and speed of the elevator car determined true to the driving curve.
  • the elevator car drives in usually via a fixed connection Speed limiter on when exceeding one adjustable, maximum permissible speed Safety gear triggers.
  • Speed limiter On when exceeding one adjustable, maximum permissible speed Safety gear triggers.
  • the reference drive essentially forms its own Control loop and moves, true to the same calculated Driving curve for the elevator car, a trigger part that connects to the Elevator car borders.
  • a connection of the Tripping part made with the elevator car of the type that a controlled movement of the two parts to each other possible is.
  • the triggering part moves during trouble-free operation and the elevator car synchronously in the area of the ideal Driving curve, that means within tolerable deviations or the safety tolerances.
  • the triggering part and elevator car are safety switches mounted, which, with correspondingly large deviations of the Elevator car from the driving curve, being a certain Safety tolerance is exceeded, a Trigger safety device.
  • a Trigger safety device Become several Safety switch for different sized deviations used, can be different Safety devices optical, electrical, be operated electromechanically and / or purely mechanically. This is a mechanical triggering of the safety gear just as feasible as an electrical emergency stop Drives.
  • Embodiments of the invention are possible indicated by the dashed line, in which the Reference drive coupled to the speed limiter is.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram with time as the ordinate and the designation t and the route as the abscissa with x.
  • the driving curve 1 is schematic as one continuous S curve shown, being within a certain time T, a path from an initial floor A to a destination floor B is covered.
  • Technically related and / or legally required tolerances are included dashed and dotted lines following the driving curve shown.
  • certain Safety tolerances should be less than 2, 3 or greater than 4, 5 and in the direction of travel or against the direction of travel. It goes without saying that if you want Stop between the first and second floors Target floor B, the driving curve changed accordingly and is corrected by adjusting the driving parameters and the mostly constant safety tolerances of the new ones Go along the driving curve.
  • the safety tolerances do not only represent deviations the position of the elevator car from the driving curve, but can also, according to known conversions, a maximum Show speed or acceleration leading to a corresponding deviation leads.
  • Figure 2 also shows possible malfunctions that pose a risk to safety Deviations of the elevator car from its driving curve can.
  • a run over 10 of the target floor or the Shaft ends, an excessive speed 12, a Broken rope 11 or failure of a suspension, one too strong acceleration 13 and too weak acceleration 14 or excessive rope elongation in the event of overload must be recognizable be so that when the security tolerances are exceeded Security devices, such as an alarm Emergency stop or safety gear can be triggered.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an embodiment of the invention, which exceed safety tolerances 2, 3, 4, and 5 according to FIG. 2, with corresponding safety switches 22, Detect 23, 24 and 25 and trigger safety devices can.
  • the safety switches are with the elevator car 32 connected by an elevator drive 30 via a rope 31 and moved along the fall line with a counterweight 33 becomes.
  • a stationary reference drive 40 moves, synchronously according to the driving curve of the elevator car over a Endless rope 41 is a trigger part 42, which is usually between the safety switches 22, 23, 24, 25.
  • the transition, or the connection between the trigger part 42 and Elevator car 32 is shown schematically in FIG. 4.
  • the Tripping part 42 slides in a guide 35 which one at the Elevator car 32 is attached U-profile and on one side Has recesses 36. Project through these recesses 36 Safety switches 22, 23, 24, 25 inside the guide 35.
  • These safety switches can be electrical switches 22, 23 be, or mechanical triggers 24, 25 for one Safety gear 34.
  • the actuation of a safety switch 22, 23, 24, 25 takes place in that the trigger part 42 is relative moves to the elevator car 32 so that the trigger part 42 moves up or down in the guide 35 and at Exceeding a recess 36 the corresponding Safety switch triggers.
  • the positioning of the Safety switches 22, 23, 24, 25 take place according to the desired security tolerances shown in Figure 1 2, 3, 4, 5 to the driving curves 1 of an elevator.
  • FIG. 5 shows a reference drive 40 which, by means of a chassis 45 along a guide rail 50 the elevator car 32, corresponding to the driving curve upwards or moved below.
  • the trigger part 42 is one pious means 46 held, for example, by one Light metal support on the self-propelled reference drive 40 is attached so that a synchronous movement of Tripping part 42 with the reference drive 40 is formed.
  • the A safety switch 22, 23, 24, 25 is triggered analogous to the principle described in Figure 4.
  • On the endless rope 41 is a Tripping part 42 attached, sliding in a guide 35 is connected to the elevator car 32.
  • the trigger member 42 can be within an upper 24 and a lower 25, mechanically triggered safety switch for the Move safety gear 34. Between these Safety switches 24, 25 can be more Safety switch 22, 23 may be attached, the one Appropriate safety tolerances or Detect deviations from the driving curve and for example triggers an alarm or an emergency stop of the drives 30, 40.
  • the safety switches of the safety gear 24, 25 have one certain trigger force, which, if the Reference drive 40 is large enough to the limiter rope 41st via the trigger part 42 and thus the To drive speed limiter 51, but less than when the speed limiter 51 responds its jerky standstill arises.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
  • Elevator Control (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour constater un décalage d'une cabine d'ascenseur ou de monte-charge par rapport à une courbe de marche qui contient la variation dans le temps de la trajectoire, qui est calculée par une commande d'ascenseur ou de monte-charge et qui est transmise à l'aide de paramètres de marche à une commande d'un entraínement de cabine (30) en vue du déplacement et du positionnement de la cabine d'ascenseur ou de monte-charge (32), et, au cas où une tolérance de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5) est dépassée, pour arrêter la cabine (32),
       caractérisé en ce que les mêmes paramètres de marche sont transmis à une commande d'un entraínement de référence (40), de sorte qu'un élément de déclenchement (42) déplacé et positionné par l'entraínement de référence (40) a la même courbe de marche (1) calculée par la commande d'ascenseur ou de monte-charge, étant précisé que l'élément de déclenchement (42) est relié, mobile, à la cabine (32) de manière à déclencher un commutateur de sécurité (22, 23, 24, 25) pour arrêter la cabine (32) au cas où l'écart (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) de celle-ci par rapport à la courbe de marche (1) est supérieur à la tolérance de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu au moins deux tolérances de sécurité (2 et 4, 3 et 5), un premier écart (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) de l'élément de déclenchement (42) déclenchant un premier commutateur de sécurité (2, 3) qui provoque un arrêt de l'entraínement de cabine (30) et de l'entraínement de référence (40), tandis qu'un second écart (10, 11, 12, 13, 14), plus grand, de l'élément de déclenchement (42) déclenche un second commutateur de sécurité (4, 5) et, ainsi, un dispositif d'arrêt de la cabine (32).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une tolérance de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5) est variable, dans la mesure où le commutateur de sécurité correspondant (22, 23, 24, 25) est mobile.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une tolérance de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5) est variable, dans la mesure où les commutateurs de sécurité (22, 23, 24, 25) sont connectés et déconnectés.
  5. Dispositif formant ascenseur ou monte-charge comportant une commande d'ascenseur ou de monte-charge qui calcule une courbe de marche (1) contenant la variation dans le temps de la trajectoire et qui transmet cette courbe, à l'aide de paramètres de marche, à une commande d'un entraínement de cabine (30) en vue du déplacement et du positionnement d'une cabine d'ascenseur ou de monte-charge (32), et à une commande d'un entraínement de référence (40) qui entraíne un élément de déclenchement (42), lequel élément de déclenchement (42) est fixé à un moyen (41) guidé parallèlement à la cabine (32), et est guidé le long d'un guidage (35) relié à la cabine (32), de sorte que l'élément de déclenchement (42) se déplace le long du guidage (35) si le mouvement de la cabine (32) s'écarte de la courbe de marche (1), et qu'il actionne, dans la mesure où cet écart dépasse une tolérance de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5), un commutateur de sécurité (22, 23, 24, 25) qui est disposé en conséquence sur le guidage (35).
  6. Dispositif formant ascenseur ou monte-charge selon la revendication 5, comportant plusieurs commutateurs de sécurité (22, 23, 24, 25) avec des tolérances de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5) de degrés différents, qui sont disposés suivant les différents écarts (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) par rapport à la courbe de marche (1) de la cabine (32) ou de l'élément de déclenchement (42), au moins un commutateur de sécurité (2, 3) étant constitué par un commutateur d'arrêt d'urgence (22, 23) pour l'entraínement de cabine (30) et pour l'entraínement de référence (40), tandis qu'un second commutateur de sécurité (4, 5) est constitué par un organe de déclenchement mécanique (24, 25) pour un dispositif d'arrêt (34) prévu pour la cabine (32).
  7. Dispositif formant ascenseur ou monte-charge selon la revendication 6, avec lequel les commutateurs de sécurité (22, 23, 24, 25) comportent des moyens supplémentaires qui permettent une modification des tolérances de sécurité (2, 3, 4, 5).
  8. Dispositif formant ascenseur ou monte-charge selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, qui est accouplé à un limiteur de vitesse (51).
  9. Ascenseur ou monte-charge, en particulier ascenseur, comportant un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 à 8.
EP96117251A 1995-11-08 1996-10-28 Procédé et dispositif pour augmenter la sécurité des ascenseurs Expired - Lifetime EP0773180B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH315895 1995-11-08
CH315895 1995-11-08
CH3158/95 1995-11-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0773180A1 EP0773180A1 (fr) 1997-05-14
EP0773180B1 true EP0773180B1 (fr) 2001-04-18

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EP96117251A Expired - Lifetime EP0773180B1 (fr) 1995-11-08 1996-10-28 Procédé et dispositif pour augmenter la sécurité des ascenseurs

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5869794A (fr)
EP (1) EP0773180B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4071839B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE200657T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59606797D1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1012323A1 (fr)
MY (1) MY118747A (fr)

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DE102022113871A1 (de) 2022-06-01 2023-12-07 Tk Elevator Innovation And Operations Gmbh Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einen Fahrkorb einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer Sensoreinrichtung

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10807832B2 (en) 2014-05-14 2020-10-20 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Elevator device
DE102022113861A1 (de) 2022-06-01 2023-12-07 Tk Elevator Innovation And Operations Gmbh Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Sicherheitsvorrichtung einer Aufzugsanlage
DE102022113871A1 (de) 2022-06-01 2023-12-07 Tk Elevator Innovation And Operations Gmbh Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einen Fahrkorb einer Aufzugsanlage mit einer Sensoreinrichtung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5869794A (en) 1999-02-09
JPH09165156A (ja) 1997-06-24
JP4071839B2 (ja) 2008-04-02
MY118747A (en) 2005-01-31
HK1012323A1 (en) 1999-07-30
DE59606797D1 (de) 2001-05-23
ATE200657T1 (de) 2001-05-15
EP0773180A1 (fr) 1997-05-14

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