EP0758479B1 - Atmungsfähiges material für schutzkleidung für menschen zur abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische hochfrequenzfelder - Google Patents
Atmungsfähiges material für schutzkleidung für menschen zur abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische hochfrequenzfelder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0758479B1 EP0758479B1 EP95917951A EP95917951A EP0758479B1 EP 0758479 B1 EP0758479 B1 EP 0758479B1 EP 95917951 A EP95917951 A EP 95917951A EP 95917951 A EP95917951 A EP 95917951A EP 0758479 B1 EP0758479 B1 EP 0758479B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective clothing
- suit
- fabric
- layer
- silver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002955 Art silk Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010073 coating (rubber) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037323 metabolic rate Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B17/00—Protective clothing affording protection against heat or harmful chemical agents or for use at high altitudes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
- H01Q17/005—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems using woven or wound filaments; impregnated nets or clothes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a breathable material for Protective clothing for shielding against electromagnetic High frequency fields and / or for camouflage against thermal imaging devices.
- the material mentioned at the outset is intended to prevent that such high-frequency and high-energy radiation Cause damage to the human organism.
- the effect of high-frequency electromagnetic Waves on the cell structure is essentially a heat effect, also called thermal effect. Now becomes one Exposure to heat exceeded by radiation human body usually through a secretion can regulate from sweat, it can be harmful Influences of heat due to the electromagnetic waves the organism come.
- Ionizing rays in a frequency spectrum above the light range are so high in energy that they can cause damage to the molecules of the cell tissue.
- the harmful radiation density is already 5 mW / cm 2 . It was found that a power flux density of 10 mW / cm 2 when absorbed in humans already results in a heating power of 1 W / kg comparable to the basal metabolic rate.
- Backing materials in suit form which as textile net with silver and a subsequent rubber coating are trained.
- Networks are also included stored metal foils known.
- metal fibers or metal wires e.g. VA short fibers, Copper filaments, tinned copper threads, covered with copper Polyester filament yarns and the like, sufficient Obtain shielding attenuation values. Because of the vulnerability the metal filaments, especially against breakage, or working out the metal fibers during the practical Such carrier materials are used, however only suitable to a limited extent.
- DE-A-3445997 discloses a metal coated Fiber object, consisting of a fibrous base material, a basic covering made of synthetic resin, a metal coating applied to the base coat and a synthetic resin cover. Also from this document discloses a method in which the metal coating in an inert gas atmosphere and at a electrical voltage occurs.
- the disadvantage of this invention lies in the complicated structure the coating with an additional base coat made of synthetic resin and the necessary pretreatment of the fibers with a phosphorus compound.
- the spray coating applied to apply the metal layer in an inert gas atmosphere and with an electrical one Tension is a very elaborate technique with very high manufacturing costs.
- a camouflage in front of thermal imaging devices is by a Protective clothing made with this solution is not possible. Furthermore, this solution sees before the metal coating treatment of the individual fibers with alkali before to get an irregular surface, however enormous manufacturing costs. Through the coating the fabric with a metal layer is a protection given against electromagnetic waves, the top layer made of synthetic resin allows the breathability of the Materials not too.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object creating breathable material for protective clothing, that not only ensures high shielding, but also good practical and for has the properties required for a work assignment, such as. good abrasion resistance, washability and breathability or air permeability and through that there is no build-up of body heat (also no heat absorption through the tissue).
- the polymer layer also makes a good one Temperature resistance and high cold flexibility reached.
- the carrier material or the base material receives a good one Resistant to light, weather, aging and hydrolysis.
- the production of the base material according to the invention or Backing material can advantageously be made that on polyamide fabric that already has a silver layer has been fully metallized in one Application procedure the crosslinking polymer polydimethylsiloxane polyacrylate is applied.
- the base material for the protective suit is polyamide fibers or polyamide yarns 1, which are also known under the trademark nylon, as 6.6 ripstop fabric or as parachute silk.
- Such a fabric is coated with 35% by weight of a pure silver layer 2 over the entire surface and thus metallized, ie each individual fiber of the fabric has a complete silver coating with very good adhesion.
- the fabric created in this way can have a weight class of approximately 50 g / m 2 .
- a crosslinking polydimethylsiloxane polyacrylate is applied to this fabric, which can be designed as a woven fabric, as a nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric, per application, whereby the silver layer 2 is created by the resulting layer Polymer layer 3 is sealed.
- Foularding is a kind of immersion bath with rollers over which the yarns or the fabric, braid, Fleece or the like are performed.
- the fabric After a drying process, the fabric becomes brief heated to temperatures of 160 to 180 ° C to crosslink to reach.
- the pore size of the tissue is chosen so that even after coating with the polymer layer 3 enough space or pores between the individual Fibers or yarns remain, thus breathability preserved.
- the carrier material produced in this way is now so made up to a protective suit that a perfect Shielding and, if desired, camouflage of human beings achieved through a whole body assembly becomes.
- a one-piece protective suit 4 in Provide overall form that fits in the appropriate places a nickel-plated zipper 5 is provided.
- a nickel-plated zipper 5 is provided.
- a nickel-plated zipper 5 is provided.
- Protective suit 4 may not be used to maintain the shielding have wide sleeve and pants ends so that the Radiation cannot penetrate. For this reason one ends the sleeves and pants with zippers or Keep the elastic bands tight.
- a protective helmet is located above the protective suit 4 in the head area or to provide a hood 9 made of the same Material consists of the protective suit 4.
- the protective helmet 9 or the hood is closed by a face shield 10 close and in a protective suit with a large overlap integrate inside.
- a face protection or field of view 10 is a with metal sheathed mesh fabric or bars 11 used.
- the protective suit 4 is used in the civil sector in general as a base suit to protect against electromagnetic Fields in the MHz / GHz range are carried over which a normal work suit is pulled so the protective suit 4 against damage, reducing the shielding effect would be compromised.
- the protective suit 4 could also through an appropriate combination with a conventional one Work suit or an externally attached material also designed in one piece as a complete work suit will.
- the suit When using the protective suit 4 in the military Area, where a function in the thermal image in the sense of a If camouflage is desired, the suit must be worn as an upper suit be used to camouflage thermal imaging devices produce. In this case it is different from one Work deployment in the civilian area is not absolutely necessary to protect the protective suit from damage. This means that in this case, in addition to protection against electromagnetic fields, e.g. in the immediate area of radar systems, there is also camouflage.
- the protective suit can also be used as pure camouflage suit for people, even if no health Problems caused by electromagnetic fields occur.
- a protective suit in the specified composition excellent for camouflaging people in the thermal imaging area suitable is.
- the shielding attenuation for electromagnetic radiation is in effective in a frequency range from 100 MHz to 100 GHz, the minimum attenuation is 20 dB.
- the suit For camouflage against thermal imaging devices in the thermal imaging range of 10 12 to 10 15 Hz, for example, the suit must be worn as an upper suit.
- the suit For the required camouflage in the optical and near infrared, only 50% of the area with color green and black is applied as camouflage on the outside of the protective suit 4. The remaining 50% of the area remains from the urban, generally brown, inherent color of the fabric.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- Prinzipdarstellung eines Schutzanzuges;
- Fig. 2
- stark vergrößert einen Ausschnitt aus einem Trägermaterial für einen Schutzanzug.
10 MHz = 15 dB
100 MHz = 25 dB
200 - 1000 MHz = 40 - 60 dB
für magnetische Felder.
Claims (10)
- Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung zur Abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische Hochfrequenzfelder und/oder zur Tarnung gegen Wärmebildgeräte, wobei das Trägermaterial ein Gewebe aus Polyamid aufweist, dessen Fasern oder Garne (1) vollflächig mit einer Silberschicht (2) und außenseitig über der Silberschicht (2) mit einer vernetzenden Polydimethylsiloxan-Polyacrylat-Schicht (3) ummantelt sind.
- Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebe aus Polyamid mit einer Schicht von 30 bis 40%, vorzugsweise 35 Gew.%, reinem Silber ummantelt ist. - Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewebe Fallschirmseide aus Polyamid 6.6 ist. - Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Basismaterial bzw. Trägermaterial ein Gewicht von 40 bis 60 g/m2, insbesondere 50 g/m2, aufweist. - Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schutzbekleidung in Form eines Anzuges (4) ausgebildet ist, wobei erforderliche Reißverschlüsse und/oder Klettverschlüsse (5) vernickelt sind. - Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung nach Anspruch 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Trennbereichen des Anzuges (4) Überlappungen von wenigstens 15 cm vorgesehen sind. - Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf den Anzug (4) außenseitig ein Tarndruck aufgebracht ist. - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Trägermaterials für Schutzbekleidung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf vollflächig außenseitig mit einer Silberschicht (2) ummanteltes Polyamidgewebe (1) Polydimethylsiloxan-Polyacrylat beidseitig aufgetragen und durch Erhitzen auf 160 bis 180°C vernetzt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß pro Seite 2 bis 5 g/m2 Polydimethylsiloxan-Polyacrylat aufgetragen wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auftragung des Polydimethylsiloxan-Polyacrylats durch Foulardierung erfolgt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4415372A DE4415372C2 (de) | 1994-05-02 | 1994-05-02 | Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung zur Abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische Hochfrequenzfelder und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Trägermaterials |
DE4415372 | 1994-05-02 | ||
PCT/EP1995/001548 WO1995030229A1 (de) | 1994-05-02 | 1995-04-25 | Schutzvorrichtung für menschen zur abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische hochfrequenzfelder |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0758479A1 EP0758479A1 (de) | 1997-02-19 |
EP0758479B1 true EP0758479B1 (de) | 1998-05-13 |
Family
ID=6517041
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95917951A Expired - Lifetime EP0758479B1 (de) | 1994-05-02 | 1995-04-25 | Atmungsfähiges material für schutzkleidung für menschen zur abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische hochfrequenzfelder |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0758479B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE166175T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2407495A (de) |
DE (2) | DE4415372C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995030229A1 (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10353582A1 (de) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-16 | Daniel Ostmann | Schutzeinrichtung gegen Einwirkungen von Hochspannungsschlägen, z.B. Elektroschocker, und gegen elektromagnetische Spannungsfelder |
DE102004011514A1 (de) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-10-06 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Elektrischer Leiter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie elektrisches Leiterelement |
WO2008114294A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Carraro S.R.L. | Anti-electric-shock garment |
WO2008114295A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Carraro S.R.L. | Accessory for anti-electric-shock garment |
US7682774B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2010-03-23 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Resin composition comprising catalyst precursor for electroless plating to form electromagnetic wave shielding layer, methods for forming metal patterns using the resin composition and metal patterns formed by the methods |
US7714256B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2010-05-11 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
US7838804B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2010-11-23 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
US8288693B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2012-10-16 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19743389C2 (de) * | 1997-09-30 | 2000-11-23 | Univ Dresden Tech | Schutzanzug für Arbeiten unter Hochspannung |
DE19754474A1 (de) * | 1997-12-08 | 1999-06-10 | Franz Laboeck | Vorrichtung zum Abschirmen |
DE19929077A1 (de) * | 1999-06-25 | 2000-12-28 | Samina Produktions Und Handels | Silbergewebe zur Abschirmung elektrischer und hochfrequenter magnetischer Felder |
DE19952521A1 (de) * | 1999-10-30 | 2001-05-03 | Texplorer Gmbh | Atmungsfähiges Material für Schutzbekleidung |
DE20311375U1 (de) | 2003-07-24 | 2003-10-23 | W. Zimmermann GmbH, 88171 Weiler-Simmerberg | Garne und Gewebe zur Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Strahlung |
AT503678B1 (de) * | 2004-03-09 | 2009-07-15 | Fronius Int Gmbh | Arbeitsbekleidung für schweissprozesse |
GB0418288D0 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2004-09-15 | High Voltage Pulse Technology | Protective article of outer clothing |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3164840A (en) * | 1961-02-27 | 1965-01-12 | Filtron Company Inc | Radiation protective garment |
JPS6075669A (ja) * | 1983-10-03 | 1985-04-30 | 豊田合成株式会社 | 金属付着繊維物 |
JPS60134067A (ja) * | 1983-12-19 | 1985-07-17 | 豊田合成株式会社 | 繊維物 |
AU580844B2 (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1989-02-02 | Bentley-Harris Manufacturing Company, The | Shielding fabric and article |
US4793130A (en) * | 1986-06-20 | 1988-12-27 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Thin-metal-wire conjugated yarn |
JPH03505238A (ja) * | 1988-06-13 | 1991-11-14 | エヌエスペー・ジッヒェルハイツ―プロデュクテ・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | ヤーン並びにヤーン製造法及び使用 |
JP2861059B2 (ja) * | 1989-06-08 | 1999-02-24 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 金属被覆不織布及びその製造方法 |
-
1994
- 1994-05-02 DE DE4415372A patent/DE4415372C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-04-25 DE DE59502180T patent/DE59502180D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-25 AT AT95917951T patent/ATE166175T1/de active
- 1995-04-25 AU AU24074/95A patent/AU2407495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-25 EP EP95917951A patent/EP0758479B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-25 WO PCT/EP1995/001548 patent/WO1995030229A1/de active IP Right Grant
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10353582A1 (de) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-06-16 | Daniel Ostmann | Schutzeinrichtung gegen Einwirkungen von Hochspannungsschlägen, z.B. Elektroschocker, und gegen elektromagnetische Spannungsfelder |
DE102004011514A1 (de) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-10-06 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Elektrischer Leiter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung sowie elektrisches Leiterelement |
DE102004011514B4 (de) * | 2004-03-08 | 2010-09-30 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Elektrisches Heizelement |
US8288693B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2012-10-16 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
US7682774B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2010-03-23 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Resin composition comprising catalyst precursor for electroless plating to form electromagnetic wave shielding layer, methods for forming metal patterns using the resin composition and metal patterns formed by the methods |
US7838804B2 (en) | 2006-05-08 | 2010-11-23 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
US7714256B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2010-05-11 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
US8106338B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2012-01-31 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flat heating element |
WO2008114294A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Carraro S.R.L. | Anti-electric-shock garment |
WO2008114295A1 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-09-25 | Carraro S.R.L. | Accessory for anti-electric-shock garment |
EA018617B1 (ru) * | 2007-03-22 | 2013-09-30 | Карраро С.Р.Л. | Защитная одежда для операций на высоковольтных проводах под напряжением |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4415372C2 (de) | 1996-12-12 |
AU2407495A (en) | 1995-11-29 |
WO1995030229A1 (de) | 1995-11-09 |
DE59502180D1 (de) | 1998-06-18 |
ATE166175T1 (de) | 1998-05-15 |
EP0758479A1 (de) | 1997-02-19 |
DE4415372A1 (de) | 1995-11-09 |
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