EP0740361B1 - Système d'antenne plane - Google Patents

Système d'antenne plane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0740361B1
EP0740361B1 EP95119434A EP95119434A EP0740361B1 EP 0740361 B1 EP0740361 B1 EP 0740361B1 EP 95119434 A EP95119434 A EP 95119434A EP 95119434 A EP95119434 A EP 95119434A EP 0740361 B1 EP0740361 B1 EP 0740361B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
mobile radio
sheet
gps
lamina
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95119434A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0740361A1 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Berfelde
Chen Shun-Ping
Manfred Burkert
Christian Heuer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE1995114556 external-priority patent/DE19514556A1/de
Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Priority claimed from DE19546010A external-priority patent/DE19546010A1/de
Publication of EP0740361A1 publication Critical patent/EP0740361A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0740361B1 publication Critical patent/EP0740361B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat antenna arrangement for mobile radio and for satellite-based vehicle navigation (GPS) with the im Preamble of the main claim specified generic features.
  • the antenna combination according to the invention is used as put on, with the body of a motor vehicle connected module or as a module e.g. with holding magnets for releasable attachment. It is made from the GPS antenna for 1.575 GHz and optionally the antennas for mobile radio in the 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz range educated.
  • the outer slot arrangement is for mobile radio in the 900 MHz range and the internal arrangement used for GPS.
  • the solution principle according to US 5 124 714 and DE 94 14 817 has a disadvantage: the concentric arrangement of the Antennas can only be used in the desired space-saving manner realize if you look at the fixed combination of two Frequencies - e.g. of the 900 MHz band only with the 1.575 GHz band or only with the 1.8 GHz band - limited.
  • you can here is an antenna for mobile radio in the 1.8 GHz band and the GPS antenna because of the small differences in the dimensions of the antennas to be paired cannot be combined. That applies for the version with two slot antennas as well as if a stripline antenna for GPS just above a small one Ring slot antenna for 1.8 GHz is mounted. - the Stripline antenna with its ground area would Cover the ring slot antenna and hinder its field formation.
  • the invention has for its object an antenna module for satellite-based vehicle navigation (GPS) and for mobile communications to create a stripline antenna for the GPS band optionally with a flat antenna for radio in the 900 MHz band and or or can be combined with such an antenna for 1.8 GHz can.
  • GPS satellite-based vehicle navigation
  • FIG. 1 shows two views of an antenna combination according to the invention, formed from the GPS antenna and an antenna for mobile radio in the 900 MHz range.
  • the GPS antenna consists of a circuit board 1, as is also used for printed circuits, with the area-wide metallization 2 as the ground plane and the rectangular conductive surface segment (patch) 3 as the radiator area.
  • the feed point 4 is located outside the center of the area because the GPS antenna works with circular polarization.
  • the board 1 has a diameter of 85 mm and the radiator surface has an edge length of 50 mm.
  • the effective edge length of the radiator surface corresponds to 1/2 the operating wavelength ⁇ G of the GPS frequency, and the geometric dimension depends in practice on the shortening factor associated with the relative dielectric constant ⁇ r of the board material.
  • the ground surface 2 of the GPS antenna must in this version of the underlying antenna, e.g. through an air gap of at least 2 mm wide or through a interposed foil made of dielectric material.
  • the cellular antenna includes the sheet metal element 6 and the short-circuit element 7 in the present example, which together with the ground reference surface 8, for example the roof of a metal vehicle body, form a cavity resonator for the intended operating frequency, on the open sides of which field formation to the outside occurs with all-round radiation in the far field .
  • the sheet metal element 6 is designed as a circular section with an opening angle of 90 ° and a radius of 90 mm.
  • the edge dimension results from 1/4 of the mean operating wavelength ⁇ M of the radio frequency range.
  • the dimension A between the sheet metal element 6 and the ground reference surface 8 should be at least 0.04 ⁇ M in order to ensure sufficient values of the efficiency and the bandwidth.
  • the short-circuit element 7 is not directly with the sheet 8 of the body or an adequate one Ground surface connected. Serves as an intermediate and connecting link the thin metal base plate 9 of the antenna housing, on the also the means for mechanically holding the housing on the Substructure can be provided.
  • the means for mechanically holding the housing on the Substructure can be provided.
  • the distance between the base plate and the Body sheet is chosen to be as small as possible (less than 1 mm), because a good capacitive coupling between the two ground potentials must be guaranteed. You can do this in antenna modules according to the invention, for the detachable Fastening on the car roof can be designed, support, by arching the underside of the base plate 9 slightly concave and so that the body curvature is adapted approximately.
  • antenna modules according to the invention which like the usual Roof antennas - e.g. Short rod antennas - over a hole in the Roof sheet to be fastened by screwing on, is used in the usual Established a galvanic ground connection. Through the The RF cables are then opened in the roof panel Antennas led into the vehicle interior.
  • the outer conductors of the two coaxial cables 12 and 13 are each connected at the end of the exposed inner conductor section, at points 14 and 15, to the ground potential 2 and 8 and 9 effective for the respective antenna. At a distance of 1/4 ⁇ M , measured from the contact points 14, 15, they are again grounded at point 16.
  • the influence of the relatively large ground area 2 of the GPS antenna on the field formation of the mobile radio antenna is neutralized to a certain extent: the circuit board 1 with the conductive surface 2 and the sheet metal element 6 are - so mainly for reasons of space - placed so close together that normally an exchange and thus the outflow of signal energy in a capacitive way between the ground surface 2 and the sheet metal element cannot be avoided.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement that is surprising and represents advantageous continuation of the combination idea and above all to a simplified construction of the stripline GPS antenna leads.
  • the relatively large area on both sides metallized board 1, as in the execution after FIG. 1 is used, replaced by a small disk la, which is only provided with the metallization 3 as the radiator surface.
  • the additional dielectric 5 or the free distance between the board and the sheet metal element 6 are completely eliminated.
  • the ground area for the stripline GPS antenna is at this embodiment uses the sheet metal element 6a of the radio antenna, that fulfills an additional function.
  • the sheet metal element 6a is circular, and the board la with the radiator surface the GPS antenna is centered on it.
  • the short-circuit element 7a is within the circumscribed circle of the sheet metal element 6a arranged in a lateral position.
  • the short-circuit element 7a can - like the element 7 in Embodiment 1 - also from one or more pins or similar bodies are formed.
  • a second ground contact 16 at a distance of 1/4 ⁇ M from the feed point 4 is required only for the feed line cable 12 of the GPS antenna.
  • the dimensions of the individual components of the arrangement also correspond here to the characteristic proportions of the two antenna types which are oriented to the operating wavelength of the respective frequency range.
  • the effective edge length of the surface segment 3 is ⁇ G / 2 for the GPS frequency.
  • the circuit board material is to be selected such that the dimension d of the diagonal is smaller than the diameter D of the sheet metal element 6 a.
  • FIG. 3 are - in addition to the embodiment of Figure 1 - Variants for positioning two mobile radio antennas in Combination with the GPS antenna shown.
  • the components on the base plate are made with the one dielectric material existing hood 17 covered and closed moisture-proof.
  • a cheap variant would be also, the entire assembly of molded parts from a curing Form foam, the outer contours of those of the hood 17th correspond.
  • the foam would also be the antenna parts fix in their position permanently.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show radiation characteristics that with the combination of a GPS antenna with a cellular antenna for the 900 MHz band. The pictures speak for yourself. The measurements showed that the radiation diagrams, the one with the two antennas in a separate arrangement be obtained with which the combined arrangement of Antennas are identical, and above all none Differences in level can be determined.
  • the performance of the antenna combination according to the invention is completely identical to one in the field of mobile communications conventional ⁇ / 4 long rod antenna.
  • the result is +3 dBic - this is a stripline antenna this kind of common and satisfactory value.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Agencement d'antennes pour les fréquences situées dans la gamme GHz, constitué de préférence d'une antenne pour la navigation automobile assistée par satellite (GPS) et au moins une antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile, lesquelles antennes étant disposées dans un boítier commun sur une surface conductrice assez grande, en particulier sur une carrosserie d'un véhicule, tandis que,
    l'antenne GPS est réalisée de préférence sous la forme d'une antenne à conducteur à ruban avec rayonnement transversal, constituée d'une plaque en une matière diélectrique munie d'une métallisation partielle,
    l'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile présente une caractéristique panoramique dans sa courbe horizontale de rayonnement horizontale et la surface conductrice assez grande représente la surface de référence massique de cette antenne,
    l'antenne GPS est disposée au-dessus de l'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile et
    des câbles coaxiaux sont utilisés pour servir de conduites d'alimentation pour les deux antennes,
       caractérisé en ce que
    l'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile est constituée en un élément de tôle (6, 6', 6a), lequel est disposé dans un plan parallèle à la surface (8) de référence massique à une distance (A, A') de 0,04 de la longueur d'onde moyenne afférente à la fréquence radio et lequel est, dans la région d'une arête latérale ou en position latérale, en liaison galvanique ou en couplage HF-capacitif avec la surface de référence massique (8) par au moins un élément de court-circuit (7, 7a) et par éventuellement d'autres éléments intermédiaires,
    l'antenne GPS (1, la, 2, 3) est disposée de manière à se superposer sur la ou les antennes de radiotéléphonie mobile,
    le conducteur interne (10) du câble coaxial (13, 13a) servant à l'alimentation de l'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile est dégagé jusqu'à la surface de référence massique (8) ou jusqu'à une plaque de base (9) dans l'espace situé sous l'élément de tôle (6, 6', 6a),
    les conducteurs extérieurs des deux câbles coaxiaux (12, 13, 13a) sont reliés respectivement à la surface (8, 2, 6a) active pour l'antenne respective, en un premier point de contact (14, 15) jusqu'auquel le conducteur interne est dégagé derrière le point d'alimentation respectif (4, 11) de chaque antenne, ces conducteurs extérieurs étant de préférence remis à la masse une nouvelle fois à une distance des premiers points de contact (14, 15) égale à 1/4 de la longueur d'onde moyenne λM afférente à l'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile en un deuxième point de contact (16).
  2. Agencement d'antennes plates selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par la présence d'une antenne GPS qui est constituée d'une platine (1) métallisée sur les deux faces, tandis que
    une face de la platine, servant de surface massique, (2) étant métallisée en continu, et l'autre face en direction du rayonnement, étant munie d'une métallisation partielle sous forme d'un segment de la surface (patch) qui constitue la surface rayonnante (3),
    la longueur de l'arête HF-active du segment de surface (3) est égale à environ 1/2 de la longueur d'onde moyenne λG de la fréquence GPS,
    la platine (1) est disposée de telle manière qu'elle recouvre, au moins partiellement, par sa surface massique (2) l'antenne ou les deux antennes de radiotéléphonie mobile sur leur surface,
    la platine (1) est reliée, à une distance d'au moins 2 mm ou avec intercalage d'une matière diélectrique (5), à l'élément de tôle (6 ou 6') d'une antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile ou bien, si deux antennes de radiotéléphonie mobile sont prévues, à l'élément de tôle situé le plus haut de l'antenne radio destinée au domaine des fréquences les plus basses, et
    les éléments de tôle (6, 6') présentent de préférence la forme d'une section de cercle dont l'angle d'ouverture est de préférence égal à 90° et la longueur de l'arête radiale égale à 1/4 de la longueur d'onde moyenne λM afférente à la fréquence radio respective.
  3. Agencement d'antennes plates selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par la présence d'une antenne GPS comportant une platine (la) métallisée sur une seule face, tandis que
    la métallisation appliquée constitue la face de rayonnement (3),
    la platine (la) présente les mêmes contours et dimensions que la face rayonnante (3),
    la platine (la) s'applique de manière centrée et sans interstice directement sur l'élément de tôle (6a) de l'antenne de radiotéléphonie mobile et cet élément de tôle (6a) exerce simultanément la fonction de surface massique pour l'antenne GPS,
    l'élément de tôle (6a) est de préférence de forme circulaire, présentant un diamètre (D) d'environ 1/4 λM pour le domaine des fréquences de radiotéléphonie mobile afférent, et
    la constante εr de diélectricité relative du matériau de la platine (la) est choisie de telle manière que la dimension géométrique (d) de la diagonale de la platine est de préférence inférieure au diamètre (D) de l'élément de tôle (6a).
  4. Agencement d'antennes plates selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que lors de la combinaison de l'antenne GPS avec deux antennes de radiotéléphonie mobile, les éléments de tôle (6, 6') sont de préférence positionnés de telle manière que leurs arêtes latérales, comportant les éléments de court-circuit (7, 7') sont orientées l'une vers l'autre.
  5. Agencement d'antennes plates selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les connexions mécaniques et HF des antennes sont réalisées sous la forme de connexions enfichables et permettent, par leur mode de fabrication, de combiner l'antenne GPS au choix avec une seule ou avec deux antennes de radiotéléphonie mobile sur une plaque de base universelle (9).
  6. Agencement d'antennes plates selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de base (9) est réalisée sous la forme d'une pièce complexe moulée par injection comportant au choix une seule ou deux antennes de radiotéléphonie mobile.
  7. Agencement d'antennes plates selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la plaque de base (9) présente de préférence une forme légèrement concave sur sa face orientée vers la carrosserie du véhicule et que des éléments de support, pour sa fixation amovible, sont disposés de telle manière que l'écart entre la plaque de base (9) et la tôle (8) de la carrosserie soit minimal.
  8. Agencement d'antennes plates selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments de court-circuit (7, 7a) sont conformés sous la forme d'une barrette ou de tiges métalliques ou d'objets analogues en un matériau conducteur.
EP95119434A 1995-04-20 1995-12-09 Système d'antenne plane Expired - Lifetime EP0740361B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19514556 1995-03-20
DE1995114556 DE19514556A1 (de) 1995-04-20 1995-04-20 Flachantennen-Anordnung
DE19546010A DE19546010A1 (de) 1995-12-09 1995-12-09 Flachantennen-Anordnung
DE19546010 1995-12-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0740361A1 EP0740361A1 (fr) 1996-10-30
EP0740361B1 true EP0740361B1 (fr) 1998-03-04

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EP95119434A Expired - Lifetime EP0740361B1 (fr) 1995-04-20 1995-12-09 Système d'antenne plane

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US (1) US5706015A (fr)
EP (1) EP0740361B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59501555D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2114717T3 (fr)

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ES2114717T3 (es) 1998-06-01
EP0740361A1 (fr) 1996-10-30
US5706015A (en) 1998-01-06

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