Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C323/00—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups
  • C07C323/22—Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/86—Oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D309/32—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
  • C07D311/96—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings spiro-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
  • C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D407/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
  • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
  • C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated

Definitions

• the present invention relates to 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives that are inhibitors of aspartyl proteases, in particular the aspartyl proteases found in retroviruses including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).
• the 5,6- dihydr pyrones are expected to have utility as antiviral agents, for the treatment of infection caused by HIV or other retroviruses employing aspartyl proteases, and to be useful in the treatment of diseases caused by the retroviruses, including AIDS.
• HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Aspartyl proteases have been found in many retroviruses including the Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) , the Myeloblastosis Associated Virus (MAV) , HIV, and the Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) [H. Ton et al . Nature , 315: 691 (1985); J. Kay, B. M. Dunn, Biochim . Biophys . Acta , 1: 1048 (1990) ; C. Cameron, J. Biological Chem . , 168: 11711-720 (1993)]. Since there are structural similarities among the known retroviral proteases, compounds which inhibit the HIV protease may well inhibit other retroviral proteases.
• HIV aspartyl protease is responsible for post- translational processing of viral precursor polyproteins such as pol and gag. (M. Graves, Structure and Function of the Aspartic Proteases, 395-405 (1991)). Cleavage of these polyproteins is essential for maturation of the virus, since the proteolytic activity necessary for polyprotein processing cannot be provided by host cellular enzymes. An important finding has been that viruses which lack this protease, or contain a mutant which is a defective protease, lack infectivity [C. Ping et al . , J. Virol , 63: 2550-556 (1989) and N. Kohl et al . , Proc. Nati . Acad. Sci .
• HIV protease inhibitors have been extensively reviewed (see for example A. To asselli et al . , Chimica Oggi , 6-27 (1991) and T. Meek, J. Enzyme Inhibition 6: 65-98 (19.92)). However, the majority of these inhibitors are peptides and thus unsuitable as drugs, due to the well known pharmacological deficiencies exhibited by most peptide drugs (biliary excretion, low bioavailability and stability in physiological milieu, etc.) Nonpeptidic inhibitors of HIV protease are thus very important, since these may lead to useful therapeutic agents.
• Hei 3-227923 claimed coumarins with anti-HIV activity. However, only 4-hydroxycoumarin was specifically described without discussion of mechanism of action.
• World Patent 89/07939 claimed eight coumarin derivatives as HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors with potential antiviral activity. These derivatives are hexachlorocoumarin, 7-acetoxycoumarin, and the structures shown below.
• Warfarin (3-( ⁇ -acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin) , shown below, was reported by R. Nagorny et al . in AIDS 7: 129-130 (1993) as inhibiting cell-free and cell-mediated HIV infection. However, Warfarin was the only analog pyrone studied and its mechanism of action in HIV inhibition was not specified.
• United States Patent Number 3,206,476 describes several pyrones, specifically 3-substituted-4-hydroxy-6-aryl-2- pyrones, as antihypertensive agents. However, the range of substituents at the 3-position of these heterocycles is limited to halo and amino groups and alkanoylamino derivatives.
• EP 278742 describes several cyclic 2-benzoyl-l,3-diones with herbicidal activity. All of these compounds possess 3- benzoyl substituents. Their structures, in the keto tautomeric forms, are shown below:
• the present invention is based in great part on the extraordinary discovery of the inventors that novel 5,6- dihydropyrone derivatives and related compounds, selected from a broad spectrum of tailored molecular structures, potently inhibit the HIV aspartyl protease blocking infection fry HIV.
• the present invention is also based on the insights of the applicants regarding the mechanism of action of antiviral drugs, especially as revealed by their studies on structure- activity relationships characteristic of anti-HIV compounds that include 5,6-dihydropyrone derivatives.
• the invented 5,6-dihydropyrones are expected to be extremely useful in the development of treatments for infections caused by viruses, especially by retroviruses that rely on aspartyl protease activities for replication and infectivity.
• retrovirus is HIV.
• the antiviral 5,6-dihydropyrones are also expected to be very useful in the treatment of diseases and syndromes associated with viral pathogens.
• One such syndrome is AIDS.
• the present inventors contemplate the preparation of pharmaceutically useful antiviral compositions comprising one or more of the invented 5,6-dihydropyrones and related compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. They also contemplate the use of these compositions, alone or in combination with other antiviral treatments, in the treatment of infections and diseases caused by retroviruses, including AIDS.
• the present inventors contemplate the preparation of pharmaceutically useful antibacterial compositions cmprising one or more of the invented 5,6 dihydropyrones and related compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention relates to compounds or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof of formula l, shown below,
• X is OR 5 , NHRg, CH 2 OR 5 , C0 2 Rg, or SR S wherein R s is R 6 or
• R 6 is independently H, a straight chain alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a branched or cyclic alkyl group containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkylcycloalkyl of 5-9 carbon atoms, benzyl, phenyl or a heterocycle;
• Z is o or S
• Y is 0, S, C(R 6 ) 2 , NF, or NRg;
• R x and R. ' are each independently [CH 2 ]- -[ - L ] surprise;,-[Ar]- ⁇ - [CH 2 ] 03 -[W 2 ] n -R 7 ;
• R 2 is independently selected from the group of structures from which R x is selected with the proviso that if W x is a heteroatom nl is an integer of from 1 to 4;
• R 3 is independently selected from the group of structures from which R x is selected with the proviso that if W- is a heteroatom nl is an integer of from 1 to 4;
• R 2 and R 3 may be taken together to form an unsubstituted or substituted 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring, wherein the substituents are one or more of the R 7 groups listed below;
• R 4 is [CH 2 ] nl - [W 3 ] n2 - [ CH 2 ] n3 - [W 4 ] n4 - [Ar] n2 - [CH 2 ] a3 - [W 2 ] n4 -R 7 ; nl, n2, n3, n4, and n5 are independently integers of from 0 to 4, 0 to 1, 0 to 4, 0 to 1, and 0 to 2, respectively; W x , W 2 , and W 4 are independently O, OCONR 7 , SfO) ⁇ , CO,
• R 7 is independently H, Ar, a straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or two R 7 's can be taken together to form a ring of 3-7 atoms, or a substituted derivative thereof wherein the substituents are one or more of C0 2 R 6 , COR 6 , CON(R s ) 2 , NR s CON ⁇ ), , NR 6 COR 6 , OR 6 , S(0) n5 R 6 , N(R 6 ) 2 , Cl, Br, F, CF 3 , Ar, OAr, or S(0) n5 Ar;
• Ar is independently phenyl, naphthyl, a 5- or 6- membered heterocycle containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms, a cycloalkyl containing 3 to 6 atoms, a fused ring system containing 8- 10 atoms, or a substituted derivative thereof wherein the substituents are of F, Cl, Br, CN
• More preferred compounds of the present invention are those of formula 1 wherein X is O j wherein R £ is H or CORg wherein R 6 is as defined above; Z is O;
• Y is O, S, or CH 2 ;
• Ri and R are independently H, F, (CH 2 ) nl C0 2 R 6 (CH 2 ) nl OR 6 , or (CHACON (R 6 ) 2 ;
• R 2 is [CH 2 ] nl -[W 1 ] n2 -[Ar] n2 -tCH 2 ] n3 -[W 2 ] n4 -R 7 with the proviso that if W x is a heteroatom nl is an integer of from 1 to 4; R 3 is independently selected from the group of structures from which R 2 is selected;
• R 2 and R 3 can be part of a 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring optionally substituted by groups selected from the group of structures from which R 7 is selected;
• R 4 is [CH 2 ] nl -[W 3 ] n2 -[CH 2 ] n3 -[W 4 ] n4 -[Ar] n2 -[CH 2 ] n3 -tW 2 ] n4 -R 7 ;
• nl, n2, n3, n4, and n5 are as defined above;
• Y is 0 or CH 2 ;
• R. and R are H
• R 3 is rcH 3 ] nl -[W 1 ] n ,- [Ar] l ⁇ a -rCH J ] ⁇ a - [W a 3 I1 ,-R 7 with the proviso that if W : is a heteroatom nl is an integer of from 1 to R 3 is rCH a ] lll -[Ar] Ba -[CS a ] ll ,- CW a ] lrt -R,;
• R 2 and Rj can be part of a 5-, 6-, or 7 -member ed ring structure optionally substituted by groups selected from the group from which R, is selected;
• R 4 is [CH a ] nl -CW s ] Ba -[CH 3 ] B ,- [W,3 B4 -[Ar3 aa -[CH a ] B ⁇ - CW a ] f -R 7 ; nl , n2 , n3 , n4 , and n5 are as defined above;
• W. is O, S (0) honor 5 , NR 7 , CONR, or C R ⁇ j; w 2 is as defined above; w 3 is c(R 7 ) a ;
• R ⁇ is as defined above;
• R 7 is as defined above;
• Ar is as defined above; and n6 is as defined above.
• Y is O
• R 3 is Ar-(CH 2 ) n3 -[ 2 ] n4 -R 7/ phenyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2- or 3-furanyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, isobutyl, pentyl, CH 2 -CH 2 -Ar, or isopentyl;
• R 2 and R 3 can be part of an unsubstituted or substituted 5-, 6-, or to 7-membered ring structure where the substituents are independently one or more of those listed for R 7 above;
• R 4 is as defined above for the even more preferreed compounds of Formula 1; nl, n2, n3, n4, and n5 are as defined above; W 2 , 3 and W 4 are as defined for the even more preferred compounds of the invention above;
• R 6 is as defined above;
• Phenylmethyl [1-[ [3,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-phenyl-5- [ (2-phenylethy1)thio]-2H-pyran-2- yl]methyl]cyclopentyl]carbamate;
• alkyl means a straight or branched hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified and includes, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, undecyl, and dodecyl.
• the alkyl groups may contain one or more sites of unsaturation such as double or triple carbon- carbon bonds.
• the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents selected from alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy all as defined herein, hydroxy, thiol, nitro, halogen, amino, for yl, carboxyl, nitrile, -NH-CO-R, -CO-NH-, -C0 2 R, -COR, aryl, or heteroaryl wherein alkyl (R) , aryl, and heteroaryl are defined as herein.
• cycloalkyl means a hydrocarbon ring which contains from 3 to 12 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified, for example, cyclopropy1, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and adamantyl. Where possible, the cycloalkyl group may contain double bonds.
• the cycloalkyl ring may be unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents selected alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy all as defined herein, hydroxy, thiol, nitro, halogen, amino, formyl, carboxyl, nitrile, -NH-CO-R, -CO-NHR-, -C0 2 R, -COR, aryl, or heteroaryl wherein alkyl (R) , aryl, and heteroaryl are defined as herei
• alkylcycloalkyl means a cycloalkyl group as defined above attached directly to an alkyl group as defined above.
• alkoxy and thioalkoxy are O-alkyl or S- alkyl as defined above for alkyl.
• spirocycle refers to a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring whose ends meet at a single carbon in a chain or another ring.
• aryl means an aromatic radical which is a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, a pyrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluarenyl group or a fused ring resulting from any two of phenyl, naphthyl, and a 5- or 6- membered ring containing from 0 to 3 heteroatoms selected from guinolones, isoquinolones, indoles, indanes, benzofurans, benzothiophenes, benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles, benzisoxazoles, coumarins, benzimidazoles an the like, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 substituent selected from alkyl as defined above, alkoxy as defined abov thioalkoxy as defined above, hydroxy, thiol, nitro, halogen, amino, formyl, carboxy
• heteroaryl and “heterocycle”, represented b an “Ar”, mean a heterocyclic radical which is 2- or 3-thienyl
• Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
• Some of the compounds of Formula 1 are capable of further forming pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition and/or base salts. All of these forms are within the scope of the present invention.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds of Formula 1 include salts derived from nontoxic inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, hydrofluoric, phosphorous, and the like, as well as the salts derived from nontoxic organic acids, such as aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl-substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxy alkanoic acids, alkanedioic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids, etc.
• nontoxic inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrobromic, hydriodic, hydrofluoric, phosphorous, and the like
• nontoxic organic acids such as aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl-substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxy alkanoic acids, alkanedioic acids, aromatic acids
• Such salts thus include sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, nitrate, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphat , metaphosphate, pyrophosphate, chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, caprylate, isobutyrate, oxalate, malonate, succinates suberate, sebacate, fumarate, maleate, mandelate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, phthalate, benzensoulfonate, toluenesulfonate, phenylacetate, citrate, lactate, maleate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, and the like.
• salts of amino acids such as arginate and the like and gluconate, galacturonate (see, for example, Berge, S.M., et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts," Journal of Pharmaceutical Science , 66: 1-19 (1977).
• the acid addition salt of said basic compounds are prepared by contacting the free base form with a sufficient amount of the desired acid to produce the salt in the conventional manner.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts are formed with metals or amines, such as alkali and alkaline earth metals or organic amines.
• metals used as cations are sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and the like.
• suitable amines are N,N'- dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, ethylenediamine, N- methylglucamine, and procaine (see, for example, Berge, S.M., et al., "Pharmaceutical Salts," Journal of Pharmaceutical Science , 66: 1-19 (1977).
• the base addition salts of said acidic compounds are prepared by contacting the free acid form with a sufficient amount of the desired base to produce the salt in the conventional manner.
• Certain of the compounds of the present invention can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms.
• the solvated forms, including hydrated forms are equivalent to unsolvated forms and are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
• Certain of the compounds of the present invention possess one or more chiral centers and each center may exist in the R(D) or S(L) configuration.
• the present invention includes all enantiomeric and epimeric forms as well as the appropriate mixtures thereof.
• the compounds of the present invention can be prepared and administered in a wide variety of oral and parenteral dosage forms.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered by injection, that is, intravenously, intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously, intraduodenally, or intraperitoneally.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered by inhalation, for example, intranasally.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered transdermally. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the following dosage forms may comprise as the active component, either a compound of Formula 1 or a corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula 1.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
• Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, pills, capsules, cachets, suppositories, and dispersible granules.
• a solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as diluents, flavoring agents, binders, preservatives, tablet disintegrating agents, or an encapsulating material.
• the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in a mixture with the finely divided active component.
• the active component is mixed with the carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
• the powders and tablets preferably contain from five or ten to about seventy percent of the active compound.
• Suitable carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methyIcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a low melting wax, cocoa butter, and the like.
• the term "preparation" is intended to include the formulation of the active compound with encapsulating material as a carrier providing a capsule in which the active component with or without other carriers, is surrounded by a carrier, which is thus in association with it.
• cachets and lozenges are included. Tablets, powders, capsules, pills, cachets, and lozenges can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration.
• a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides or cocoa butter
• the active component is dispersed homogeneously therein, as by stirring.
• the molten homogenous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool, and thereby to solidify.
• Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions, for example, water or water propylene glycol solutions.
• liquid preparations can be formulated in solution in aqueous polyethylene glycol solution.
• Aqueous solutions suitable for oral use can be prepared by dissolving the active component in water and adding suitable colorants, flavors, stabilizing and thickening agents as desired.
• Aqueous suspensions suitable for oral use can be made by dispersing the finely divided active component in water with viscous material, such as natural or, synthetic gums, resins, methyIcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well-known suspending agents.
• viscous material such as natural or, synthetic gums, resins, methyIcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and other well-known suspending agents.
• solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for oral administration.
• liquid forms include solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
• These preparations may contain, in addition to the active component, colorants, flavors, stabilizers, buffers, artificial and natural sweeteners, dispersants, thickeners, solubilizing agents, and the like.
• the pharmaceutical preparation is preferably in unit dosage form. In such form the preparation is divided into unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component.
• the unit dosage form can be a packaged preparation, the package containing discrete quantities of preparation, such as packeted tablets, capsules, and powders in vials or ampoules.
• the unit dosage form can be a capsules, tablet, cachet, or lozenge itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form.
• the quantity of active component in a unit dose preparation may be varied or adjusted from 0.1 mg to 100 mg preferably 0.5 mg to 100 mg according to the particular application and the potency of the active component.
• the composition can, if desired, also contain other compatible therapeutic agents.
• the compounds utilized in the pharmaceutical method of this invention are administered at the initial dosage of about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg/kg daily.
• a daily dose range of about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg/kg is preferred.
• the dosages may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient, the severity of the condition being treated, the compound being employed. Determination of the proper dosage for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages which are less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased by small increments until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day, if desired.
• Methyl acetoacetate (I) is treated sequentially with a metal hydride, preferably sodium hydride, in THF or ether at -20 °C to +10 °C, and with a stronger base, usually n-BuLi, in a solvent such as THF or ether at -20 °C to +10 °C, producing the dianion.
• a metal hydride preferably sodium hydride
• n-BuLi n-BuLi
• the reaction mixture is quenched with an appropriately substituted aldehyde or ketone, allowed to reac for an additional 15 minutes to 24 hours, and finally worked up, furnishing the ,3-keto lactone (dihydropyrone) II.
• Compound II is elaborated into target pyrones III via treatment with a suitable electrophile, such as a thiotosylate, an alkyl halide or the like, in ethanol or DMF solution containing an inert base such as triethylamine and/o sodium bicarbonate at 25 °C to 80 °C.
• a suitable electrophile such as a thiotosylate, an alkyl halide or the like
• reactive functional group present in starting materials, reaction intermediaters, or reaction products may be protected during chemical reactions using protecting groups which render the reactive functional groups substantially inert to the reaction conditions.
• protecting groups See for example, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 2 ed. , T. W. Green and P. G. Wuts, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY 1991.
• protecting groups such as the following may be utilized to protect suitable amino, hydroxyl, and other groups of related reactivity: carboxylic acyl groups, such as formyl, acetyl, trifluoroacetyl; alkoxycarbony1 groups, such as ethoxycarbony1, t- butoxycarbonyl (BOC), /3,/3, / 3-trichloroethoxycarbonyl (TCEC), ⁇ - iodoethoxycarbonyl; aryloxycarbonyl groups, such as benzyloxycarbony1, p-methoxybenzyloxycarbony1, phenoxycarbonyl; trialkyl silyl groups, such as trimethyIsilyl and t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) ; and groups such as trotyl, tetrahydropyrany1, vinyloxycarbonyl , o-nitrophenylsulfenyl, diphenylphosphinyl, p
• the protecting group may be removed, after completion of the synthetic reaction of interest, by procedures known to those skilled in the art.
• the BOC group may be removed by acidolysis, the trityl group by hydrogenolysis, TBDMS by treatment with fluoride ions, and TCEC by treatment with zinc.
• R 4 unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or aryl
• R alkyl
• a base such as sodium hydride or sodium ethoxide
• a suitable solvent such as THF, ether, or alcohol
• an appropriately substituted alkyl or benzyl halide usually the bromide or iodide
• a suitable base such as triethylamine, piperidine, or pyridine
• a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane
• Ester VII is treated with a suitable base, such as lithium diisopropylamide, in a suitable solvent such as THF or ether, at -78 °C to 0 °C, and the resulting anion is reacted with an appropriately substituted acylating agent such as ester VIII, producing ketoester IX.
• a suitable base such as lithium diisopropylamide
• a suitable solvent such as THF or ether
• an appropriately substituted acylating agent such as ester VIII
• Any of the 4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones such as III, VI, or X can be constructed to contain an appropriate leaving group (such as halogen, acetate, tosylate, etc.) in one of the R x or R 2 substituents.
• an appropriate leaving group such as halogen, acetate, tosylate, etc.
• Such leaving groups can be displaced by primary or secondary amines to further embellish the R or R 2 substituents.
• Such displacement would be carried out in alcohol or DMF or DMSO at -10° to 125°C.
• R or R 2 contain a carboxylic acid related group, then further chemistry on that group would further embellish the R or R 2 substituents.
• Such reactions would include esterification or amide formation using methods well known in the art.
• 4-hydroxy-2 (lH)-pyridinones such as XI, shown below, are known in the art (e.g. see M.J. Ashton et al . , Heterocycles 28: (2) 1015 (1989)), and can be converted to desired protease inhibitors and antiviral agents analogous to the 5,6-dihydropyrones by using reactions similar to that used for conversion of II ⁇ III shown in Scheme I above.
• Substituted 1,3-cyclohexandiones can be prepared as described by Schemel (see J. Med. Chem . 35: 3429-47 (1992) and references cited therein).
• the 1,3-cyclohexandiones can be converted to substituted analogues using reactions similar to those used for conversions II ⁇ III.
• Tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4-dione derivatives can be prepared as described in United States Patent 4,842,638 and references cited therein.
• the tetrahydro(thio)pyran-2,4- diones can be converted to various substituted analogues using reactions similar to those used for conversions of II ⁇ * III.
• Dihydropyrone II is treated with a suitable brominating agent, such as N-bromosuccinimide, in a suitable solvent, such as t-butanol, for 1 to 18 hours.
• a suitable brominating agent such as N-bromosuccinimide
• a suitable solvent such as t-butanol
• the resulting bromo intermediate XII is reacted with a thiol, usually in the presence of an appropriate base such as pyridine or piperidine, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane at 0°C to +25°C to afford desired product XIII.
• the dihydropyrone II is reacted with a suitable acid chloride, and the product is rearranged to give intermediate XV according to procedures outlined in U.S. Patent 4,842,638 (1989) .
• the keto group of XV is reduced to the methylene with an appropriate reducing agent, such as sodium cyanoborohydride or hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, to afford compound XVI.
• the prerequisite acid XVII prepared by literature conditions is cyclized to the lactone XVIII in DMF and dichloromethane at temperatures of 0 to 75°C.
• the lactone i ring opened by the appropriately substituted amine either ne or in solvents such as toluene, at 75 - 110°C to produce ketone amide XIX.
• This amide XIX is treated with the dianio as described in Scheme I to produce the lactone XX which is identical to II where R x is equal to the new amide containing chain.
• XX can be converted to the target compounds using conditions described in Scheme I.
• the compounds of the present invention can exist in the tautomeric forms, i.e. the enol and keto forms shown in Sche I. Both such forms as well as their mixtures are preferred aspects of the instant invention.
• the substituted phenylpropiophenones were prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding chalcones in tetrahydrofuran with 5% Pd on BaS0 4 as catalyst.
• the chalcones were prepared according to Kohler and
• the aqueous layer at 0 °C was acidified with acid(2-6N HC1) to pH 1-2 and the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate or CH 2 C1 2 .
• the organic extracts of the acid solution were combined, dried over MgS0 4 and concentrated.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 12 g methyl acetoacetate, 4.3 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 64.5 mL of 1.6M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 10 g of iso-valerophenone, and 300 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the phenone, the reaction was stirred 15 minutes at -78 °C and 2 hours at room temperature. The crude reaction was flash chromatographed using hexane/ethyl acetate 6/40-40/60 as eluent. The solid was triturated from diethyl ether (m.p. 123.5-125 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 5 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 2.0 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 25 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 7.0 mL of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °c then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p.159-162 °C (dec.)).
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 10 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 4.0 g of ⁇ aH 60% dispersion in oil, 60 mL of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 18.8 mL of 4-methylthiobenzaldehyde and 200 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 139-141 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 10 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 3.7 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 58 mL of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 10.9 mL of p-tolualdehyde and 250 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 138-139 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 5.0 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 2.0 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 31.5 mL of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 9.0 g of 4-(l,l-dimethylethyl)benzaldehyde and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 164-165 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 10 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 3.9 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 58 mL of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 13.5 g of 4-chlorobenzaldehyde and 250 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 149-150 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method l using 5.0 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 2.0 g of NaH 60 dispersion in oil, 25 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 6.5 mL of 3-chlorobenzaldehyde and 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 122-124 ⁇ C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 5.0 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 2.0 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 25 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 12.0 g of 4-benzyloxybenzaldehyde and 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 165-166 °C) . 4.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 13 g ethyl acetoacetate, 5.3 g of NaH 60% 35 dispersion in oil, 60 mL of 1.6M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 21 g of 1-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-l-pentanone and 300 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the ketone, the reaction was stirred 15 minutes at -78 °C and 2 hours at room temperature. The crude reaction mixture afforded a solid which was washed with CH 2 C1 2 and two times with ethyl acetate (m.p. 165-170 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 5.0 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 2.0 g of NaH 60 dispersion in oil, 25 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 7.6 g of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde and 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 149-152 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 2.0 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 0.8 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 10 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 2.6 mL of 3-methylbenzaldehyde and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 137-138 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 2.5 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 1.0 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 12.5 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 3.3 mL of 2- chlorobenzaldehyde and 75 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the aldehyde, the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0 °C then stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 124-125 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 2.7 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 1.1 g of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 12.5 mL of 2.0 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 5.1 mL of valerophenone and 125 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the ketone, the reaction was stirred for 10 minutes at 0 °C then allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 124-126 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 10 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, ll mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 10.5 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 10 mmol of hexanophenone and 28 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Upon concentrating the reaction a solid precipitated out which was triturated with ether and filtered (m.p. 123-124 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 25 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 27.5 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 26.25 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 25 mmol of isohexanophenone and 70 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Upon concentrating the reaction a solid precipitated out which was triturated with ether and filtered (m.p. 134-136 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General 15 Method 1 using 25 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 27.5 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 26.25 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 25 mmol of 3-phenylpropiophenone and 70 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Upon concentrating the reaction a solid precipitated out which was triturated with ether and filtered 20 (m.p. 130-130.55, °C) .
• the title compound was prepared by decarboxylation of methyl 6-phenyl-2-,4-dioxopiperidine-3-carboxylate (prepared as per Ashton et al., Heterocycles 28: (2) 1015 (1989)) by refluxing in acetonitrile (as per Toda et al. , J. Antibiotics 30 23: (2) 173 (1980)). Removal of the solvent gave a solid
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 0.22 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 90 mg of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 1 mL of 2.1 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 500 mg of 3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propiophenone and 15 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the ketone, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0°C then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 112-114 °C ) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 1.7 mL of methyl acetoacetate, 630 mg of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 9.85 mL of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 4.0 g of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propiophenone and 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran. After addition of the ketone, the reaction was stirred for 15 minutes at 0°C then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. The crude product was triturated from diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 145-147 °C ) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 25 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 27.5 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 26.25 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 25 mmol of heptanophenone and 70 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Upon concentrating the reaction, a solid precipitated out which was triturated with ether and filtered (m.p. 119-120.5 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 14.2 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 15.6 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 14.9 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 14.2 mmol of isoheptanophenone and 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran.
• Isoheptanophenone was prepared by reacting the appropriate acid chloride with A1C1 3 in benzene as described by Vogel in Practical Organic Chemistry 1978, 770- 775. Upon concentrating the reaction, a solid precipitated out which was recrystallized from ethyl acetate (m.p. 124-125 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 25 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 27.5 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 26.25 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 25 mmol of ⁇ -tetralone and 70 mL of tetrahydrofuran.
• the product was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/diethyl ether (m.p. 117-119 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 25 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 27.5 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 26.25 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 25 mmol of 3- benzoylpropionic acid sodium salt in 60 mL of tetrahydrofuran.
• 3-Benzoylpropionic acid sodium salt was prepared by reacting the acid (25 mmol) with hexane washed NaH (26.25 mmol-) in tetrahydrofuran at 0°C for 30 minutes.
• 4-Benzoylbutyric acid sodium salt was prepared by reacting the acid (25 mmol) with hexane washed NaH (17.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran at 0°c for 25 minutes.
• the crude product was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH/CH 3 C0 2 H (99/1/0.1-97.5/2.5/0.1) to give a solid which was recrystallized from ethyl acetate (m.p. 134-137 °C) .
• the 2-(methylphenylamino)-l-phenyl-ethanone was prepared by reacting N-methylaniline (50 mmol) , ⁇ -bromoacetophenone (50 mmol) , triethylamine (55 mmol) in diethyl ether at room temperature overnight. The diethyl ether was evaporated, replaced with p-dioxane, and the mixture refluxed for 15 hours. The solid triethylamine hydrochloride was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the solids were recrystallized from ethyl acetate to afford the desired compound as a solid (m.p. 118-120 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 6.7 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 7.3 mmol of NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 7.0 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 6.7 mmol of 2-(methyIphenylamino)-1-phenylethanone and 40 mL of tetrahydrofuran.
• the reaction mixture was acidified to pH 7 with cone. HC1 and then taken to pH 3 with acetic acid.
• the product was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (99/1) to give a solid (m.p. 152-153 °C) ..
• the 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid benzyl-methyl amide was prepared by refluxing N-methylbenzylamine (10.5 mmol) and 6- phenyl-3,4-dihydro-pyran-2-one (10.5 mmol) in toluene for one hour. The reaction was allowed to stir overnight at room temperature. It was poured into 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of IN HC1. The organic extracts were washed with 100 mL of IN NaOH, 100 mL of water and dried over MgS0 4 . The crude product was flash chromatographed (CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH 98/2) to afford a liquid.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 1 using 5.6 mmol of methyl acetoacetate, 6.1 mmol of 5 NaH 60% dispersion in oil, 5.9 mmol of 1.6 M n-butyl lithium in hexane, 5.6 mmol of 5-oxo-5-phenylpentanoic acid benzyl- methyl amide and 25 mL of tetrahydrofuran.
• the product was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (98/2) to give a solid (m.p. 47-51 °C) .
• the thiotosylate reagents were prepared by reacting equal molar quantities of alkyl halide and potassium thiotosylate in absolute ethanol and refluxing for 24 hours or in DMF and stirring at room temperature for 12 to 72 hours.
• the solvent
• thiotosylate reagents were prepared as described by M. G. Ranasinghe and P. L. Fuchs in Syn . Comm . 18(3): 227 (1988).
• Example CC 3-Phenylpropyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 2 using l-bromo-3-phenyIpropane (0.044 mmol), potassium thiotosylate (0.044 mmol) and absolute ethanol (125 mL) to give an oil which was used without purification.
• X H NMR (CDC1 3 ) ⁇ 1.95 (quint., 2 H) , 2.459 (S, 3 H) , 2.63 (t, 2 H) , 2.95 (t, 2 H) , 7.0-7.4 (m, 8 H) , 7.7 (d, 2 H) .
• Example CCC 3-Bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-(3-methylbutyl)-6- phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one, (+/-)
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 3 using 2.0 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(3- methylbutyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in Example V) and 2.0 mmol of NBS.
• the desired compounds were prepared by adding the 5,6-dihydro- 2H-pyran-2-one, absolute ethanol, the p-toluenethiosulfonate reagent, and Et 3 N to a reaction vessel. The solution was stirred at room temperature to reflux for 4 hours to one week. The solvent was stripped off and the residue partitioned between IN HC1 and CH 2 C1 2 or ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH 2 C1 2 or ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined and dried over MgS0 4 .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 2.1 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H- pyran-2-one, 6 mL of absolute EtOH, 2.3 mmol) of 2- phenylethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 6 mL of absolute EtOH and 2.3 mmol of triethylamine in 3 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 days. The product was purified by flash chromatography using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH(99/l to 97/3) as eluants. The viscous paste which was isolated was triturated from ether to yield a solid (m.p.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 2.63 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H- pyran-2-one, 7 mL of absolute EtOH, 2.76 mmol of 3- phenylpropyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 6 mL of absolute EtOH and 2.89 mmol of triethylamine in 2 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The product was triturated from ethyl acetate as a solid (m.p. 134-135 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.54 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H- pyran-2-one, 7 mL of absolute EtOH, 0.57 mmol of 2- phenoxyethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 6 mL of absolute EtOH and 0.06 mmol of triethylamine in 2 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The product was flash chromatographed and triturated from diethyl ether to give a solid (m.p. 107-108 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.61 mmol of 6-i-butyl-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- (2-methylpropyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 0.67 mmol of 2-phenylethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 3 mL of absolute EtOH and 0.67 mmol of triethylamine in 2 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The product was flash chromatographed (CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH 99.5/0.5) to afford a viscous oil.
• 5-(3-Chlorophenyl)-l,3-cyclohexanedione can be prepared as described in J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 19, 3429-3447.
• To a 50 mL reaction flask was added 0.30 g (1.35 mmol) of 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-l,3-cyclohexanedione in 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 0.43 g (1.48 mmol) of 2-phenylethy1-p- toluenethiosulfonate in 3 mL of absolute EtOH and 0.16 g (1.62 mmol) of Et 3 N in 2 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 27 hours.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 123 mg of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(4- methylphenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 170 mg of benzyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 0.90 mL of triethylamine in 3 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The crude product was triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 166-167 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 445 mg of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-[4-(l,l- dimethylethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyran-2-one, 550 mg of benzyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 0.3 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred for 3 days at room temperature. The crude product was triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 140-142 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 300 mg of 6-(3-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4- hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one, 450 mg of benzyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 1.0 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. Purification by flash chromatography using CH 2 Cl 2 /methanol (100/0 to 95/5) as eluent gave a viscous oil which was triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 139-142 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 300 mg of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(4- methoxyphenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 500 mg of 2-phenylethyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 1.0 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature. The crude product was triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 112-115 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 430 mg of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(4- methylthiophenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 585 mg of 2-phenylethyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 0.3 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred for 3 days at room temperature. The crude product was triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 135-137 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 430 mg of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-[4-(l,l- dimethylethyl)phenyl]-2H-pyran-2-one, 560 mg of 2-phenylethyl- p-toluenethiosulfonate and 0.28 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred .for 3 days at room temperature. The crude product was triturated with diethyl ether to afford a solid (m.p. 130-131 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 300 mg of 6-(3-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4- hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one, 500 mg of 2-phenylethyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 1.0 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using (0.388 mmol) of 6-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-6-butyl- 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one, 5mL of absolute EtOH, (0.407 mmol) of 2-phenylethy1-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 3 mL of absolute EtOH and (0.426 mmol) of triethylamine in 2 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight.
• Example 28 6-(2-Chloropheny1)-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-3- [ (phenylmethyl)thio]-2H-pyran-2-one, (+/-)
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 200 mg of 6-(2-chlorophenyl)-5,6-dihydro-4- hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one, 300 mg of benzyl-p- toluenethiosulfonate and 1.0 mL of triethylamine in 10 mL of absolute ethanol. The solution was stirred overnight at room temperature.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using (0.388 mmol) of 6-[l,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl-6-butyl- 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one, 5 mL of absolute EtOH, (0.407 mmol) of benzyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 3 mL of absolute EtOH and (0.426mmol) of triethylamine in 2 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed (CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH 99/1) to afford a solid (m.p. 45-52 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 1.08 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-6- propyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.29 mmol of benzyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 10 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.51 mmol of triethylamine in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed (hexane/ethyl acetate 75/25) to afford a viscous oil.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 1.08 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-6- propyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.29 mmol of 2- phenylethy1-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 10 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.51 mmol of triethylamine in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed (hexane/ethyl acetate 60/40) to afford a viscous oil.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.96 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-6-(3-methylbutyl)- 6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.05 mmol of 2-phenylethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 10 mL of absolute EtO and 1.05 mmol of triethylamine in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed (hexane/ethyl acetate 80/20) to afford a viscous oil.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.85 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-6- (2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.02 mmol of benzyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 10 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.19 mmol of triethylamine in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed (hexane/ethyl acetate 80/20) to afford a viscous oil.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.91 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-6-hexyl-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.1 mmol of benzyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.27 mmol of triethylamine in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (99.5/0.5) to afford a viscous gum.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.91 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-6-hexyl-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.Q9 mmol of phenethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.27 mmol of triethylamine in 5mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (99.75/0.25-99/1) to afford a viscous gum.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 1 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(4- methylpentyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.2 mmol of benzyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 4 mmol of NaHC0 3 in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was heated to 50 °C for 1.5 hours then stirred at room temperature overnight. The product was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (100/0-99/1) to afford a viscous gum.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 1 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(4- methylpentyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2- one ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.2 mmol of phenethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.4 mmol of triethylamine in 5mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred for 2 hours at 50 °C. The product was flash chromatographed using hexane/ethyl acetate (80/20) to afford a viscous gum.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 1 mmol of 6-cyclopentyImethy1-5,6-dihydro-4- hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2 -one ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.2 mmol of benzyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 4 mmol of NaHC0 3 in 5 mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was heated to 120 °C for 15 minutes. The product was flash chromatographed using hexane/ethyl acetate (75/25) and then CH 2 Cl- 2 /MeOH (99.5/0.5) to afford a viscous gum.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 1 mmol of 6-cyclopentyImethy1-5,6-dihydro-4- hydroxy-6-phenyl-2H-pyran -2-one ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.2 mmol of phenethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 1.4 mmol of triethylamine in 5mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. The product was flash chromatographed using hexane/ethyl acetate (75/25-60/40) to afford a viscous gum.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.95 mmol of 3-(3,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2- phenyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)-propanoic acid ( ⁇ ) , 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 1.1 mmol of phenethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate in 5 mL of absolute EtOH and 2.3 mmol of triethylamine in 5mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was refluxed for 2 hours.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 4 using 0.60 mmol of 5-(3,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2- phenyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)pentanoic acid amide ( ⁇ ) 5 mL of absolute EtOH, 0.85 mmol of phenethyl-p-toluenethiosulfonate, 2.4 mmol NaHC0 3 , and 0.60 mmol of triethylamine in 5mL of absolute EtOH. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight.
• reaction was poured into ethyl acetate and IN HCl, the aqueous layer extracted with 2x ethyl acetate, dried over MgS.0 4 , and concentrated.
• the crude reaction mixture was flash chromatographed using CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (99/1) .
• the desired compounds were prepared by adding the 0 appropriate acid chloride (1.05 equiv.) to a solution of the 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1.0 equiv.) , triethylamine (1.05 equiv.), and THF at 5 °C. The suspension was stirred overnight at room temperature and then diluted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed with ice-cold 1 N HCl and
• 35 mixture was diluted with water, acidified with cone. HCl, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with brine, dried (MgS0 4 ) , and concentrated to afford the desired compound.
• the title compound could be prepared as follows. A suspension of 0.25 g (6.2 mmol) of sodium hydride in 5 mL of dry THF was cooled to 0°C under nitrogen and treated with a solution of 1.40 g (6.0 mmol) of ethyl 2-(2- phenylethy1)acetoacetate in THF (2 mL) . The solution was stirred at 0°C for ten minutes, treated with 4.3 mL of 1.4 M n-butyllithium, and stirred for another fifteen minutes. A solution of 0.55 g (3.0 mmol) of benzophenone in THF (3 mL) was added all at once, and the reaction mixture was stirred a room temperature for two hours.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 5 using 2.0 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(3- methylbutyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one, 2.1 mmol of phenylacetyl chloride, 2.1 mmol of triethylamine, and 10 mL of THF, followed by 10 mL of toluene and catalytic DMAP. Chromatography of the residue afforded 1.0 mmol of the intermediate acyl compound. Reduction of this intermediate was effected with 2 mmol of sodium cyanoborohydride. The product was obtained as a solid (m.p. 125-126 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 5 using 2.5 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6-diphenyl- 2H-pyran-2-one, 2.7 mmol of phenylacetyl chloride, 2.8 mmol of triethylamine, and 20 mL of THF, followed by 20 mL of toluene and catalytic DMAP. Chromatography of the residue afforded 1.0 mmol of the intermediate 3-acyl compound. Reduction of this acyl derivative was accomplished with 3 mmol of sodium cyanoborohydride. The product was triturated from ether to give the title compound (m.p. 61-63 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 5 using 3.0 mmol of 5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-phenyl-6- (2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one, 3.2 mmol of hydrocinnamoyl chloride, 3.2 mmol of triethylamine, and 30 mL of THF, followed by 30 mL of toluene and catalytic DMAP. Chromatography of the residue afforded 1.5 mmol of the intermediate 3-acyl compound. Reduction of this acyl derivative was accomplished with 3 mmol of sodium cyanoborohydride. The product was triturated from ether:hexan (1:5) to give the title compound (m.p. 68-70 °C) .
• the desired compounds were prepared by adding piperidine (1.05 equiv) to a cold (ice bath) solution of the 3-bromo-5,6- dihydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-ones (1.0 mmol, prepared in General Method 3), the requisite thiol (1.05 mmol), and dichloromethane (20 mL) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 to 48 hours. Water was added, and the organic phase was separated, dried over MgS0 4 , and concentrated.
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA) , 1.05 mmol of 2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 1.05 mmol of piperidine in 20 mL of dichloromethane. The product was triturated with ether to afford a solid (m.p. 216-217 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.3 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 1.4 mmol of 3-methylbenzenethiol, and 1.4 mmol of piperidine in 25 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was triturated with hexane:ether (1:1) to afford a solid which was dissolved in 2 N NaOH, washed with ether, acidified to pH 2, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract was washed with water, dried over MgS0 4 , and concentrated to give a solid (m.p. 58-60 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.50 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example BBB) , 1.60 mmol of benzenethiol, and 1.60 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane. The product was triturated with hexane:ether (1:1) to afford a solid. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 58-60 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.50 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- pheny1-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example BBB) , 1.60 mmol of 2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 1.60 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was triturated with hexane:ether (1:1) to afford a solid.
• the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 66-67 ⁇ C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(3- methylbutyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example CCC) , 2.2 mmol of 2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 2.2 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 64-66 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.5 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(3- methylbutyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example CCC), 1.6 mmol of benzenethiol, and 1.6 mmol of piperidine in 20 mL of dichloromethane.
• the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound, (m.p. 154-155 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.9 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-(3- methylbutyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example CCC), 2.2 mmol of methyl thiosalicylate and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the crude product wa chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 115-116 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.6 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 1.7 mmol of 2-sec-butylbenzenethiol, and 1.7 mmol of piperidine in 25 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 161-162 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.5 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydro ⁇ y-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 1.6 mmol of 2-methoxybenzenethiol, and 1.6 mmol of piperidine in 25 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 170-172 °C dec.).
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example BBB), 2.1 mmol of 2-sec-butylbenzenethiol, and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 25 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 67-68 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 2.1 mmol of 5 4-methy1-2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform (m.p. 185-186°C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.8 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 2.0 mmol of 3-methoxybenzenethiol, and 2.0 mmol of piperidine in 25 mL of 0 dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform (m.p. 61-62 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 2.1 mmol of 5-methy1-2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform (m.p. 183-184 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example BBB), 2.1 mmol of 5-methyl-2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform (m.p. 66-67 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6,6- diphenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example AAA), 2.1 mmol of 4-chloro-2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform (m.p. 95-96 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 2.0 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example BBB), 2.1 mmol of 4-methyl-2-isopropylbenzenethiol, and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform (m.p.75-76 °C) .
• the title compound was prepared as described in General Method 6 from 1.9 mmol of 3-bromo-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6- phenyl-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (prepared in example BBB), 2.2 mmol of methyl thiosalicylate and 2.1 mmol of piperidine in 30 mL of dichloromethane.
• the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with chloroform and then with 5% methanol in chloroform, to give the title compound (m.p. 91-92 °C) .
• the desired compounds were prepared by adding the 5,6 - dihydropyro-2H-pyran-2-one, absolute ethanol, the p- toluenethiosulfonate reagent (prepared in general method 2) , sodium bicarbonate, and Et 3 N to a reaction vessel. The mixture was then subsequently heated to 40 °C for 4 to 48 h. The mixture was then diluted with H 2 0, acidified with cone. HCl, and the product extracted with diethyl ether, CH 2 C1 2 , or ethyl acetate. The organic layers were combined and dried with Na 2 S0 4 .
• Th solvent was then removed in vacuo and the residue submitted to column chromatography (Si0 2 , 100% CH 2 C1 2 to 1.5% methanol in CH 2 C1 2 ) to provide a thick oil (0.364 g) .
• Example 106 6-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-3- (3-methyIphenyImethylthio) -6- (3- methylbutyl)-6-phenyl-2H-pyran-2-one (+/-) .
• Th solvent was then removed in vacuo and the residue submitted t column chromatography (Si0 2 , 100% CH 2 C1 2 to 1.5% methanol i CH 2 C1 2 ) to provide a solid (0.290 g, m.p. 53 - 55 °C) .
• the desired compounds were prepared by adding the 5,6 dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one and dry dichloromethane to a reactio vessel followed by the addition of the acid chloride and Et 3 N. The mixture was allowed to stir for 15 min. and then dilute with diethyl ether. The mixture was then washed with sat' NaHC0 3 (2x) and the organic layer dried with MgS0 4 . The solven was then removed in vacuo, the residue redissolved in CH 3 CN an then treated with Et 3 N and acetone cyanohydrin. The mixture was allowed to stir for 18 h and then diluted with diethyl ether.

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