EP0705898A2 - Stabilisierte Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanz - Google Patents

Stabilisierte Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0705898A2
EP0705898A2 EP95114956A EP95114956A EP0705898A2 EP 0705898 A2 EP0705898 A2 EP 0705898A2 EP 95114956 A EP95114956 A EP 95114956A EP 95114956 A EP95114956 A EP 95114956A EP 0705898 A2 EP0705898 A2 EP 0705898A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricant base
test
acid
stabaxol
carbodiimides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95114956A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0705898A3 (de
Inventor
Achim Dr. Fessenbecker
Joachim Dr. Korff
Hans-Jürgen Dr. Kress
Volker Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH
Original Assignee
Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH filed Critical Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH
Publication of EP0705898A2 publication Critical patent/EP0705898A2/de
Publication of EP0705898A3 publication Critical patent/EP0705898A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/22—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms containing a carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
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Definitions

  • a number of basic lubricants e.g. Natural triglycerides, synthetic carboxylic acid esters, phosphoric triesters, olefin-dicarboxylic acid copolymers and silicone oils are hydrolytically attacked by water to form acidic breakdown products and alcohols. These acidic fission products are a measure of the degree of decomposition. They can be given quantitatively in the form of the acid number, so that this serves as a measure of the aging condition of the lubricant base substances (acid number is the amount of KOH in mg that is required to neutralize 1 g of substance).
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that an addition of 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight of a carbodiimide soluble therein to an lubricant base substance containing ester groups effectively prevents hydrolytic decomposition.
  • Carbodiimides react both with acids, e.g. the cleavage products of the lubricant base substance containing ester groups as well as with water. In both cases, stable urea derivatives are formed. The reaction with the acidic components is fast, that with water very slow. So both existing or generated acid components are permanently removed as well as water that has entered the product.
  • carbodiimides have been used to stabilize thermoplastics. However, after a single deformation, these are generally in the form of solid, unchangeable moldings which only come into contact with the environment on the surface.
  • Lubricants on the other hand, are used at permanent temperatures of e.g. 60 to 120 ° C constantly circulated so that new surfaces are constantly formed and come into contact with the environment. The thermal and mechanical stress is therefore significantly stronger than in plastics. It was not foreseeable that carbodiimides would dramatically improve the stability of lubricant base materials even under these much more stringent conditions and that only small amounts would be required for this.
  • the invention relates to lubricant base substances containing ester groups and containing 0.05 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, of carbodiimide as stabilizers.
  • Lubricant base substances within the meaning of the invention are in particular long-chain carboxylic acid esters, prepared from mono- and polyvalent, saturated and unsaturated, branched and unbranched, open-chain and cyclic aliphatic, substituted and unsubstituted mono- and polyvalent aromatic carboxylic acids with mono- and polyvalent, saturated and unsaturated, branched and unbranched, open-chain and cyclic aliphatic, substituted, sterically hindered and unhindered as well as unsubstituted mono- and polyhydric aromatic alcohols.
  • These include natural fats, oils and waxes, ie triglycerides of fatty acids and also artificially produced esters, e.g.
  • TMP trimethylolpropane
  • pentaerythritol neopentyl glycol with carboxylic acids such as steric acid, oleic acid, adipic acid , Terephthalic acid and trimellitic acid.
  • Alcohol components and carboxylic acids contain 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 36 carbon atoms.
  • rapeseed oil methyl ester hereinafter referred to as RME
  • rapeseed oil raffinate rapeseed oil raffinate
  • TMP oleate trimethylolpropane trioleate
  • diisotridecyl adipate examples of suitable lubricant base substances based on organic acids and alcohols.
  • Alcohols can be mono- and polyvalent, saturated and unsaturated, branched and unbranched, open-chain and cyclic aliphatic as well as substituted and unsubstituted mono- and polyvalent aromatic.
  • alcohols examples include methanol, ethanol, dodecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, isotridecyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, isopropylphenol, nonylphenol and 2,4-dimethylphenol.
  • Examples of representatives of lubricant base substances based on inorganic esters are e.g. Triisopropylphenylphosphat, Trinonylphenylphosphat, Tetraethylsilikat, Diethylpolysilikat, Dimethylpolysiloxan, Silicones.
  • lubricant base substances within the meaning of the invention are the olefin-dicarboxylic acid copolymers (trade name: Ketjenlube; manufacturer AKZO).
  • the aromatic radicals X and Y for example phenyl, in both ortho positions and optionally in the para position to the carbodiimide group are substituted by (cyclo) aliphatic and / or aromatic radicals, for example C1-C6-alkyl or phenyl , wherein one of these ortho substituents can be a methyl group.
  • Compounds whose aromatic rings X and Y are substituted by (cyclo) aliphatic radicals in both adjacent positions to the carbodiimide group are particularly preferred, it being possible for one of these ortho-standing substituents to be a methyl group which others contain at least 2 carbon atoms.
  • carbodiimides which, in the ortho position or ortho and para position to the carbodiimide group, have 2 or 3 substituents, at least one of which is a branched aliphatic chain with at least 3 C atoms, or a cycloaliphate with 5 or 6 C atoms .
  • p is preferably 0 to 40.
  • the carbodiimides can be used as dimers, oligomeric or polymeric compounds or from mixtures thereof. Dimeric and polymeric carbodiimides (p ⁇ 11) are preferably used.
  • suitable substituents on the aromatic ring adjacent to the carbodiimide group are C2-C20-alkyl and / or cycloalkyl groups, such as ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, sec. Butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, dodecyl, or also aryl and aralkyl radicals with 6 to 15 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, tolyl, benzyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • C2-C20-alkyl and / or cycloalkyl groups such as ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, sec. Butyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl, dodecyl, or also aryl and aralkyl radicals with 6 to 15 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, tolyl, benzyl, naphthyl, etc.
  • carbodiimides which are substituted by iso-propyl in the ortho positions to the carbodiimide group and which are optionally also substituted by iso-propyl in the para position to the carbodiimide group.
  • the carbodiimides of the formula (I) can be prepared by processes known per se. A possible manufacturing process is described, for example, in DAS 25 37 685. According to the teaching of this patent, organic polyisocyanates are partially reacted to the desired degree in the presence of a suitable phosphorus compound and the catalyst is then deactivated with a suitable halide, for example an acid halide.
  • polycarbodiimides can also contain reactive NCO groups and complex-bound monomeric isocyanates.
  • Polycarbodiimides can be prepared, for example, from French patent specification 1 180 370 from polyisocyanates with catalytic amounts of phospholines, phospholidines and their oxides and sulfides.
  • polycarbodiimides can be prepared from aromatic di- and polyisocyanates which carry one or two aryl, alkyl or aralkyl substituents in the o-position to all NCO groups, at least one of the substituents being said to have at least two carbon atoms under the action of tertiary amines, basic metal compounds, carboxylic acid metal salts and non-basic organometallic compounds.
  • NCO group-containing polycarbodiimides can be modified in such a way that the isocyanate groups still present are eliminated with reactive, hydrogen-containing compounds such as alcohols, phenols or amines (cf. DE-AS 1 156 401 and DE-OS 2 419 968).
  • the stabilized lubricant base substances according to the invention can be produced by mixing the base materials with the carbodiimides in conventional mixing units.
  • the mixtures according to the invention can be used, for example, for the following applications: process oils, fuels, heat transfer oils, motor oils, greases, metalworking fluids and aviation turbine oils.
  • the mixtures according to the invention are particularly suitable for power transmission fluids (hydraulic oils) and refrigerator oils.
  • the stabilized lubricant base substances according to the invention can be used in connection with neutral or alkaline corrosion protection additives e.g. Calcium sulfonate (RC 4220, Rheinchemie Rheinau GmbH), amine and phenolic oxidation inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, metal-containing and metal-free wear and high pressure additives as well as pour point improvers, defoamers and demulsifiers, dispersants, detergents and viscosity index improvers are used.
  • neutral or alkaline corrosion protection additives e.g. Calcium sulfonate (RC 4220, Rheinchemie Rheinau GmbH), amine and phenolic oxidation inhibitors, non-ferrous metal deactivators, metal-containing and metal-free wear and high pressure additives as well as pour point improvers, defoamers and demulsifiers, dispersants, detergents and viscosity index improvers are used.
  • Hydraulic oils in particular, based on lubricant base substances containing ester groups can easily dissolve lead, zinc and tin from metal parts with which the oils are in contact. This applies, for example, to the bearings of hydraulic pumps that can be corroded so severely that they fail. The dissolved metals form insoluble components in the hydraulic oils over time, so that the fluidity changes and filters in the flow of the hydraulic oils become blocked. These difficulties also disappear when using carbodiimides according to the invention.
  • the mixtures according to the invention of carbodiimides with lubricant base substances were prepared by simple mixing at about 50 ° C. These solutions were subjected to standardized lubricant tests and examined for their hydrolytic resistance. The main evaluation criterion of these hydrolysis tests is the increase in the acid number over the test period. The test methods and results are described below.
  • the TOST test is part of many different industrial oil specifications.
  • the increase in acid number is followed as a measure of the age of the oil until the critical number of 2 mg KOH / g oil is overlapped.
  • the oxygen contributes to the increase via a radical oxygen oxidation mechanism and, on the other hand, the water via hydrolysis (cleavage of the ester into acid and alcohols).
  • a mixture of aging stabilizers and corrosion protection products hereinafter abbreviated as AO / CI package
  • AO / CI package a mixture of aging stabilizers and corrosion protection products
  • Test conditions 300 ml oil ⁇ Test substance 60 ml water (dist.) ⁇ hydrolysis Cu spiral ⁇ Oxidation catalysts Iron spiral ⁇ Oxidation catalysts Oxygen 3 l / h ⁇ oxidation 95 ° C ⁇ Temperature load Rating: Time [h] to acid number> 2 mg KOH / g Table 1 Base oil Additive Concentration% by weight based on base oil Time to SZ> 2 mg / KOH [h] Rapeseed oil refinate - - 24 hours Rapeseed oil refinate AO / CI package 2.3% 48 h Rapeseed oil refinate Stabaxol 1 3% AO / CI package 2.3% 168 h TMP Oleate (1) - - 24 hours TMP Oleate (1) AO / CI package 1.5% 64 h TMP Oleate (1) AO / CI package 1.5% Stabaxol 1 2% 192 h TMP Ester (2) - - 192 h TMP Ester (2) St
  • TMP oleate (2) and the rapeseed oil raffinate (1) from Example 1 are subjected to a modified "Coca-Cola test" (according to ASTM 2619).
  • Test conditions 75 g oil ⁇ Test substance 25 g water ⁇ hydrolysis Lead sheet ⁇ Metal intake 93 ° C ⁇ Test temperature 24 h ⁇ Test duration
  • Example 2 The same TMP oleate and rapeseed oil raffinate as in Example 2 were examined.

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Abstract

Durch den Zusatz einer kleinen Menge von Carbodiimiden können Estergruppen enthaltende Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen stabilisiert und die Nutzungsdauer damit hergestellter Schmierstoffe entscheidend verlängert werden.

Description

  • Eine Reihe von Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen, z.B. natürliche Triglyceride, synthetische Carbonsäureester, Phosphorsäuretriester Olefin-Dicarbonsäure-Copolymere und Silikonöle werden durch Wasser hydrolytisch angegriffen unter Bildung von sauren Spaltprodukten und Alkoholen. Diese sauren Spaltprodukte sind ein Maß für den Zersetzungsgrad. Sie können in Form der Säurezahl quantitativ angegeben werden, so daß diese als Maß für den Alterungszustand der Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen dient (Säurezahl ist die Menge KOH in mg, die zur Neutralisation von 1 g Substanz erforderlich ist).
  • Die Anwesenheit von Säuren oder sauren Spaltprodukten beschleunigt die Hydrolyse autokatalytisch. Da Wasser unter technischen Bedingungen immer mindestens in geringen Mengen anwesend ist, ist also die Nutzungsdauer von Schmierstoffen auf der Basis von solchen Estergruppen enthaltenden Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen beschränkt.
  • Bisher ist es nicht gelungen, diesen entscheidenden Nachteil der Estergruppen enthaltenden Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen durch Zusätze zu beheben. Man war auch der Ansicht, daß dies aufgrund der Natur der Esterbindung gar nicht möglich ist. Man hat versucht, den anfänglichen Säuregehalt solcher Substanzen durch besondere Reinigungsverfahren herabzusetzen. Jedoch wird hierdurch der Abbau lediglich anfänglich verzögert. Ebenso hat man langkettige öllösliche Amine zugesetzt, die mit denen in den Grundstoffen enthaltenden oder entstandenen Säuren unter Salzbildung reagieren. Diese Salze dissoziieren aber sehr leicht (sie werden z.B. bei der Bestimmung der Säurezahl mit erfaßt), so daß die sauren Verunreinigungen (im wesentlichen Carboxylationen) nicht dauerhaft aus der Zubereitung entfernt werden.
  • Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß ein Zusatz von 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-% eines darin löslichen Carbodiimids zu einer Estergruppen enthaltenden Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanz die hydrolytische Zersetzung wirksam verhindert. Carbodiimide reagieren sowohl mit Säuren, z.B. den Spaltprodukten der Estergruppen enthaltenden Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanz als auch mit Wasser. In beiden Fällen entstehen stabile Harnstoffderivate. Die Reaktion mit den sauren Bestandteilen ist schnell, die mit Wasser sehr langsam. Es werden also sowohl vorhandene oder entstandene saure Bestandteile dauerhaft entfernt als auch in das Produkt gelangtes Wasser.
  • Bisher hat man Carbodiimide zur Stabilisierung thermoplastischer Kunststoffe verwendet. Diese liegen aber nach einmaliger Verformung im allgemeinen als feste unveränderliche Formkörper vor, die lediglich an der Oberfläche mit der Umgebung in Kontakt treten. Schmierstoffe dagegen werden bei Dauertemperaturen von z.B. 60 bis 120°C ständig umgewälzt, so daß ständig neue Oberflächen gebildet werden und mit der Umgebung in Berührung kommen. Die thermische und mechanische Belastung ist also ganz entscheidend stärker als in Kunststoffen. Es war nicht vorhersehbar, daß Carbodiimide auch unter diesen wesentlich stringenteren Bedingungen die Stabilität von Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen dramatisch verbessern und daß hierzu nur geringe Mengen erforderlich sind.
  • Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Estergruppen enthaltende Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen, die als Stabilisatoren 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-% Carbodiimid enthalten.
  • Schmierstoffgrundsubstanzen im Sinne der Erfindung sind insbesondere langkettige Carbonsäureester, hergestellt aus ein- und mehrwertigen, gesättigten und ungesättigten, verzweigten und unverzweigten, offenkettigen und cyclischen aliphatischen, substituierten und unsubstituierten ein- und mehrwertigen aromatischen Carbonsäuren mit ein- und mehrwertigen, gesättigten und ungesättigten, verzweigten und unverzweigten, offenkettigen und cyclischen aliphatischen, substituierten, sterisch gehinderten und ungehinderten sowie unsubstituierten ein- und mehrwertigen aromatischen Alkoholen. Hierzu zählen natürliche Fette, Öle und Wachse, d.h. Triglyceride von Fettsäuren und ebenso künstlich hergestellte Ester, z.B. von Methanol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Glykol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan (im folgenden kurz TMP) Pentaerythritol, Neopentylglykol mit Carbonsäuren wie z.B. Sterinsäure, Ölsäure, Adipinsäure, Terephthalsäure und Trimellitsäure. Alkoholkomponenten und Carbonsäuren enthalten 1 bis 100, bevorzugt 1 bis 36 Kohlenstoffatome.
  • Beispiele für geeignete Schmierstoffgrundsubstanzen auf Basis organischer Säuren und Alkohole sind: Rapsölmethylester (im folgenden kurz: RME genannt), Rapsölraffinat, Trimethylolpropantrioleat (im folgenden kurz TMP-Oleat genannt), Diisotridecyladipat.
  • Ebenfalls geeignet als Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen im Sinne der Erfindung sind Ester von anorganischen Säuren mit Alkoholen. Beispiele für anorganische Säuren sind Phosphorige Säure (H₂PO₃), Phosphorsäure (H₃PO₄), Phosphonsäure (RP(OH)₃), Borsäure (B(OH)₃), Kieselsäure (Si(OH)₄), "Silikonsäure" (R₂Si(OH)₂) (R = Kohlenwasserstoff) und deren oligomeren und polymeren Anhydride. Alkohole können sein ein- und mehrwertig, gesättigt und ungesättigt, verzweigt und unverzweigt, offenkettig und cyclisch aliphatisch sowie substituiert und unsubstituiert ein- und mehrwertig aromatisch. Beispiele für Alkohole sind Methanol, Ethanol, Dodecanol, 2-Ethylhexanol, Isotridecylalkohol, Oleylalkohol, Isopropylphenol, Nonylphenol und 2,4-Dimethylphenol.
  • Beispiele für Vertreter von Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen auf Basis anorganischer Ester sind z.B. Triisopropylphenylphosphat, Trinonylphenylphosphat, Tetraethylsilikat, Diethylpolysilikat, Dimethylpolysiloxan, Silikone.
  • Eine weitere Gruppe von Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen im Sinne der Erfindung sind die Olefin-Dicarbonsäure-Copolymere (Handelsname: Ketjenlube; Hersteller AKZO).
  • Geeignete Carbodiimide sind solche der Formel (I)

            (X)m-[-N=C=N-Y-]p-N=C=N-Y     (I)

    in der
    X und Y aromatische oder araliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffreste mit 6 bis 20 C-Atomen bedeuten, die in mindestens einer Orthostellung zur Carbodiimidgruppe aromatische, aliphatische und/oder cycloaliphatische Substituenten mit mindestens 2 C-Atomen, bevorzugt verzweigte oder cyclische aliphatische Reste mit mindestens 3 C-Atomen tragen, und die Carbodiimidgruppe(n) an aromatischen Kohlenstoff gebunden ist (sind), p = 0 bis 100, bevorzugt 0 bis 50 (im Mittel) ist, wobei X noch freie Isocyanat-Gruppen enthalten kann.
  • Bevorzugt sind Carbodiimide der Formel (I), deren aromatische Reste X und Y, beispielsweise Phenyl, in beiden Orthostellungen und gegebenenfalls in Parastellung zur Carbodiimidgruppe durch (cyclo-)aliphatische und/oder aromatische Reste, beispielsweise C₁-C₆-Alkyl oder Phenyl substituiert sind, wobei einer dieser orthoständigen Substituenten eine Methylgruppe sein kann. Besonders bevorzugt sind Verbindungen, deren aromatische Ringe X und Y in beiden Nachbarstellungen zur Carbodiimidgruppe durch (cyclo)aliphatische Reste substituiert sind, wobei einer dieser orthoständigen Substituenten eine Methylgruppe sein kann, der andere mindestens 2 C-Atome enthält.
  • Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Carbodiimide, die in Orthostellung bzw. Ortho- und Parastellung zur Carbodiimidgruppe 2 bzw. 3 Substituenten tragen, von denen mindestens einer eine verzweigte aliphtische Kette mit mindestens 3 C-Atomen, oder ein Cycloaliphat mit 5 oder 6 C-Atomen ist. p ist vorzugsweise 0 bis 40.
  • Die Carbodiimide können als Dimere, oligomere oder polymere Verbindungen oder aus Gemischen daraus eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise werden dimere und polymere Carbodiimide (p ≧ 11) eingesetzt.
  • Erfindungsgemäß geeignete zur Carbodiimidgruppe benachbarte Substituenten am aromatischen Ring sind C₂-C₂₀-Alkyl und/oder Cycloalkylgruppen, wie Ethyl-, Propyl-, Isopropyl-, sek. Butyl-, tert.-Butyl, Cyclohexyl-, Dodecyl-, oder auch Aryl- und Aralkylreste mit 6 bis 15 C-Atomen, wie Phenyl-, Tolyl-, Benzyl-, Naphthylreste usw.
  • Besonders geeignet sind solche Carbodiimide, die in den Ortho-Stellungen zur Carbodiimidgruppe durch iso-Propyl substituiert sind, und die gegebenenfalls in der para-Stellung zur Carbodiimidgruppe ebenfalls durch iso-Propyl substituiert sind.
  • Beispielhaft seien die folgenden Carbodiimide genannt:
    Figure imgb0001
    Die Carbodiimide der Formel (I) können nach an sich bekannten Verfahren hergestellt werden. Ein mögliches Herstellungsverfahren ist z.B. in der DAS 25 37 685 beschrieben. Nach der Lehre dieser Patentschrift werden organische Polyisocyanate in Gegenwart einer geeigneten Phosphorverbindung bis zum gewünschten Grad teilweise umgesetzt und der Katalysator anschließend mit einem geeigneten Halogenid, z.B. einem Säurehalogenid, desaktiviert.
  • Polycarbodiimide können außerdem, wenn sie aus Isocyanaten hergestellt worden sind, noch reaktionsfähige NCO-Gruppen und komplex gebundene monomere Isocyanate enthalten. Polycarbodiimide lassen sich beispielsweise nach der französischen Patentschrift 1 180 370 aus Polyisocyanaten mit katalytischen Mengen an Phospholinen, Phospholidinen und deren Oxiden und Sulfiden herstellen. Weitere geeignete Polycarbodiimide lassen sich herstellen aus aromatischen Di- und Polyisocyanaten, die in o-Stellung zu allen NCO-Gruppen einen oder zwei Aryl-, Alkyl- bzw. Aralkylsubstituenten tragen, wobei wenigstens einer der Substituenten mindestens zwei Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen soll, unter Einwirkung von tertiären Aminen, basisch reagierenden Metallverbindungen, carbonsauren Metallsalzen und nicht basischen Organometallverbindungen. NCO-Gruppen-haltige Polycarbodiimide können in der Weise modifiziert werden, daß die noch vorhandenen Isocyanatgruppen mit reaktionsfähigen, Wasserstoff enthaltenden Verbindungen wie Alkoholen, Phenolen oder Aminen beseitigt werden (vgl. DE-AS 1 156 401 und DE-OS 2 419 968).
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen stabilisierten Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen können hergestellt werden durch Vermischen der Grundstoffe mit den Carbodiimiden in üblichen Mischaggregaten.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen können beispielsweise eingesetzt werden für folgende Anwendungen: Prozeßöle, Treibstoffe, Wärmeträgeröle, Motorenöle, Fette, Metallbearbeitungsflüssigkeiten und Flugturbinenöle. Besonders geeignet sind die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen für Kraftübertragungsflüssigkeiten (Hydrauliköle) und Kältemaschinenöle.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen stabilisierten Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen können in Verbindung mit neutralen oder alkalischen Korrosionsschutz-Additiven z.B. Calcium-Sulfonat (RC 4220, Rheinchemie Rheinau GmbH), aminischen und phenolischen Oxidationsinhibitoren, Buntmetalldesaktivatoren, metallhaltigen und metallfreien Verschleiß- und Hochdruckzusätzen sowie Stockpunktverbesserern, Entschäumern und Demulgatoren, Dispersants, Detergentien und Viskositätsindexverbesserern eingesetzt werden.
  • Insbesondere Hydrauliköle auf Basis von Estergruppen enthaltenden Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen können leicht Blei, Zink und Zinn aus Metall-Teilen lösen, mit denen die Öle in Berührung stehen. Dies betrifft z.B. Lager von Hydraulikpumpen, die so stark korrodiert werden können, daß sie ausfallen. Die herausgelösten Metalle bilden in den Hydrauliköle im Lauf der Zeit unlösliche Bestandteile, so daß sich die Fließfähigkeit ändert und Filter im Strom der Hydraulikölen verstopfen. Auch diese Schwierigkeiten verschwinden beim erfindungsgemäßen Einsatz von Carbodiimiden.
    • Ausführungsbeispiele Beispiel 1
  • Durch einfaches Vermischen bei ca. 50°C wurden die erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen von Carbodiimiden mit Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen hergestellt. Diese Lösungen wurden genormten Schmierstoffprüfungen unterzogen und hinsichtlich der hydrolytischen Beständigkeit untersucht. Hauptbewertungskriterium dieser Hydrolyseprüfungen ist der Anstieg der Säurezahl über den Versuchszeitraum. Nachfolgend beschrieben sind die Testmethoden und Ergebnisse.
  • Das verwendete Carbodiimid war N,N'-di(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-carbodiimid = "Stabaxol".
    • TOST-Test ASTM-D 943 (DIN 51587)
  • Der TOST-Test ist Bestandteil vieler verschiedener Industrieölspezifikationen. Es wird der Säurezahlanstieg als Maßzahl für den Alterungszustand des Öles verfolgt bis die kritische Zahl von 2 mg KOH/g Öl überschnitten wird.
  • Einerseits trägt der Sauerstoff über einen radikalischen Sauerstoff-Oxidationsmechanismus und andererseits das Wasser über die Hydrolyse (Spaltung des Esters in Säure und Alkoholen) zum Anstieg bei. Um die beiden Einflüsse getrennt bewerten zu können, wurde bei einigen Prüfungen ein Gemisch von Alterungsstabilisatoren und Korrosionsschutzprodukten (im folgenden abgekürzt AO/CI-Paket) eingesetzt, die bekanntermaßen die Sauerstoffalterung unterdrücken. Die Tabelle macht deutlich, daß durch Zugabe eines Carbodiimids (Handelsname: Stabaxol 1; Hersteller: Rhein Chemie) der Säurezahlanstieg in den Prüfölen bei Anwesenheit von ca. 17% Wasser zeitlich wesentlich verzögert werden kann.
    Prüfbedingungen: 300 ml Öl → Prüfsubstanz
    60 ml Wasser (dest.) → Hydrolyse
    Cu-Spirale → Oxidationskatalysatoren
    Eisen-Spirale → Oxidationskatalysatoren
    Sauerstoff 3 l/h → Oxidation
    95°C → Temperaturbelastung
    Bewertung: Zeit [h] bis Säurezahl > 2 mg KOH/g
    Tabelle 1
    Grundöl Additiv Konzentration Gew.-% bezogen auf Grundöl Zeit bis SZ >2 mg/KOH [h]
    Rapsölraffinat - - 24 h
    Rapsölraffinat AO/CI-Paket 2,3 % 48 h
    Rapsölraffinat Stabaxol 1 3 %
    AO/CI-Paket 2,3% 168 h
    TMP-Oleat (1) - - 24 h
    TMP-Oleat (1) AO/CI-Paket 1,5 % 64 h
    TMP-Oleat (1) AO/CI-Paket 1,5 %
    Stabaxol 1 2 % 192 h
    TMP-Ester (2) - - 192 h
    TMP-Ester (2) Stabaxol 1 1 % 1500 h
    TMP-Oleat (1) = Trimethylolpropan-Trioleat (Handelsname: Edenor TMP-05; Hersteller: Henkel KGAa)
    TMP-Ester (2) = Trimethylolpropan-Ester mit gesättigten C₈/C₁₀-Säuren (Handelsname: Edenor TMTC; Hersteller: Henkel KGAa)
    • ASTM-D 2619 ("Beverage bottle test" oder auch "Coca-Cola-Test")
  • Dieser Test ist Teil von international anerkannten Hydrauliköl-Spezifikationen und wird zur Überprüfung der hydrolytischen Beständigkeit von Flüssigkeiten herangezogen. Das wichtigste Prüfkriterium im ASTM-D 2619 is der Anstieg der Säurezahl in der wässrigen Phase.
    Prüfbedingungen: 75 g Öl → Prüfsubstanz
    25 g Wasser → Hydrolyse
    Cu-Blech → Katalysator
    93°C → Prüftemperatur
    48 h → Prüfdauer (rotierende Flaschen)
    Bewertung: Anstieg der Acidität der Wasserphase nach Ablauf der Prüfzeit
    Tabelle 2
    Hydrolytische Stabilisierung von Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen mit Carbodiimiden
    ASTM-D 2619 ("Beverage bottle test" oder "Coca-Cola-Test")
    Grundflüssigkeit Additivierung Acidität [mg KOH/25 ml H₂O]
    Rapsölraffinat (1) - 3,5
    0,5% Stabaxol 1 0,7
    1% Stabaxol 1 0,5
    2 % Stabaxol 1 0,35
    TMP-Oleat (2) - 2,78
    1 % Stabaxol 1 0,79
    TMP-Ester (3) - 0,44
    1 % Stabaxol 1 0,16
    2 % Stabaxol 1 0,13
    Durad 220 (4) - 4,0
    + 1 % Stabaxol 2,6
    + 2 % Stabaxol 2,4
    Tricresylphosphat (5) - 29,9
    2 % Stabaxol 20,6
    Rapsölraffinat (1) = einfachraffiniertes Rapsöl (Synonym: Rüböl)
    TMP-Oleat (2) = Trimethylolpropan-Trioleat (Handelsname: Edenor TMP-05; Hersteller: Henkel KGAa)
    TMP-Ester (3) = Trimethylolpropanester mit gesättigten C₈/C₁₀-Carbonsäuren (Handelsname: Edenor TMTC; Hersteller: Henkel KGAa)
    Durad 220 (4) = Sterisch gehinderter, aromatischer Triarylphosphatester (Handelsname: Durad 220; Hersteller: FMC)
    Tricresylphosphat (5) = Tricresylphosphatester (Handelsname: Disflamoll TKP; Hersteller Bayer AG)
  • Die Zugabe von Carbodiimiden zu unterschiedlichen Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen hat jeweils einen deutlich geringen Säurezahlanstieg der wäßrigen Phase über den Versuchszeitraum zur Folge: Die Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen werden bei Anwesenheit von Carbodiimiden wesentlich langsamer durch Wasser zersetzt.
    • Beispiel 2
  • Das TMP-Oleat (2) und das Rapsölraffinat (1) aus Beispiel 1 werden einem modifizierten "Coca-Cola-Test" (nach ASTM 2619) unterzogen.
    Prüfbedingungen: 75 g Öl → Prüfsubstanz
    25 g Wasser → Hydrolyse
    Bleiblech → Metallaufnahme
    93°C → Prüftemperatur
    24 h → Prüfdauer
  • Das Ergebnis zeigt die Tabelle 3. Tabelle 3
    TMP-Oleat TMP-Oleat + 1 Gew.-% "Stabaxol 1" Rapsöl Rapsöl + 1 Gew.-% "Stabaxol 1"
    Gewichtsverlust des Bleiblechs mg 117 1,0 94 7
    Säurezahl zu Beginn (mgKOH/g) 0,97 0,19 0,54 0,13
    Säurezahl am Ende des Versuchs mgKOH/g 2,83 0,07 2,98 0,16
    • Beispiel 3
  • In einem ähnlichen Test wie in Beispiel 2 wurde die Metallaufnahme allein untersucht.
    Testbedingungen: Temperatur: 60°C
    Ölmenge: 200 ml
    Testdauer: 336 h
    Wasser: 0
  • Es wurden das gleiche TMP-Oleat und Rapsölraffinat wie in Beispiel 2 untersucht.
  • Das Ergebnis zeigt die Tabelle 4. Tabelle 4
    Öl "Stabaxol 1" Gew.-% Metall Gewichsabnahme des Metalls mg in 336 h Bemerkungen
    TMP-Oleat - Blei -440 stark trübe mit Bodensatz
    " 1 " -1,8 blank, kein Bodensatz
    Rapsöl - " -327 stark trübe und Bodensatz
    Rapsöl 1 " -1,5 blank, kein Bodensatz
    TMP-Oleat - Zink -250,4 stark trübe mit Bodensatz
    " 1 " -1,8 blank, kein Bodensatz
    " - Zinn -43,5 stark rübe mit Bodensatz
    " 1 " -1,4 blank, kein Bodensatz

Claims (1)

  1. Estergruppen enthaltende Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanzen, die als Stabilisatoren 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-% Carbodiimid enthalten.
EP95114956A 1994-10-05 1995-09-22 Stabilisierte Schmierstoff-Grundsubstanz Withdrawn EP0705898A3 (de)

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EP2290043B1 (de) * 2009-08-24 2012-08-29 Infineum International Limited Schmierölzusammensetzung enthaltend ein Metalldialkyldithiophosphat und ein Carbodiimid
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EP3053992A1 (de) 2015-02-09 2016-08-10 LANXESS Deutschland GmbH Biodiesel

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US5614483A (en) 1997-03-25
DE4435548A1 (de) 1996-04-11
CA2159696A1 (en) 1996-04-06
JPH08209169A (ja) 1996-08-13

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