EP0690749B1 - Mahlverfahren unter verwendung von zirkonium silikat - Google Patents
Mahlverfahren unter verwendung von zirkonium silikat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0690749B1 EP0690749B1 EP95908662A EP95908662A EP0690749B1 EP 0690749 B1 EP0690749 B1 EP 0690749B1 EP 95908662 A EP95908662 A EP 95908662A EP 95908662 A EP95908662 A EP 95908662A EP 0690749 B1 EP0690749 B1 EP 0690749B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- zirconium silicate
- product
- milling
- slurry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 106
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 gums Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004454 trace mineral analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for milling a powder, using a zirconium silicate grinding medium.
- milling devices such as disc mills, cage mills, and/or attrition mills are used with a milling medium to produce such finely divided powders, ideally to reduce the powder to its ultimate state of division such as, for example, to the size of a single powder crystallite.
- Milling of some powders involves a de-agglomeration process according to which chemical bonds, such as hydrogen-bonded surface moisture, Van der Waals and electrostatic forces, such as between particles, as well as any other bonds which are keeping the particles together, must be broken and/or overcome in order to obtain particles in their state of ultimate division.
- One pigment powder which entails a de-agglomeration milling process to reduce it to a finely divided powder is titanium dioxide.
- Optimal dispersal of titanium dioxide pigment powder results in optimized performance properties, particularly improved gloss, durability and hiding power.
- De-agglomeration processes are best performed using a grinding medium characterized by a small particle size which is the smallest multiple of the actual size of the product particles being milled which can still be effectively separated from the product powder.
- the grinding medium can be separated from the product particles using density separation techniques.
- separation of the grinding medium from the product can be effected on the basis of differences between settling rate, particle size or both parameters existing between the grinding medium and product powder particles.
- a relatively inexpensive, dense and non-toxic, naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium which has small particle size and a sufficiently high density is suitable for grinding a wide range of materials, while not contaminating the product powder with wear byproducts.
- the invention provides a method for milling a powder comprising steps of providing a starting powder and a grinding medium comprising naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand characterized by a grinding medium density in the range of from 4.75 to 4.85 g/cm 3 absolute and a particle size of from 150 to 250 ⁇ m and mixing the starting powder and the grinding medium with a liquid medium to form a milling slurry; milling the milling slurry in a high energy mill selected from disk mills, cage mills and attrition mills for a time sufficient to produce a product slurry including a product powder having a desired product powder particle size and having substantially the same composition as the starting powder and separating the product slurry from the milling slurry so that the grinding medium remains in the milling slurry.
- the term "naturally occurring" indicates that the zirconium silicate sand is mined in the form of zirconium silicate sand of a particular particle size and is distinguished from zirconium silicate materials which are synthesized, manufactured or otherwise artificially produced by man.
- the zirconium silicate sand grinding medium used in the invention occurs in nature in the appropriate size and shape which can be sorted to obtain the appropriate fraction for use in a particular grinding operation.
- the mined zirconium silicate sand is sorted to isolate the appropriate fraction of zirconium silicate sand, based on particle size considerations, to be used as a grinding medium.
- grinding medium refers to a material which is placed in a milling device, such as a disc mill, cage mill or attrition mill, along with the powder to be ground more finely or de-agglomerated to transmit shearing action of the milling device to the powder being processed to break apart particles of the powder.
- the method of the invention employs a grinding medium including naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand characterized by a density in the range of from 4.75 g/cm 3 to 4.85 g/cm 3 , and a particle size of from 150 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand tends to be single phase, while synthetic zirconium silicate ceramic beads are typically multiphase materials.
- Surface contaminants such as aluminum, iron, uranium, thorium and other heavy metals as well as TiO 2 can be present on the surfaces of the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand particles. Once the surface contaminants are removed by any surface preconditioning process known to one skilled in the art, such as, for example, washing and classifying, chemical analyses indicate that any remaining contaminants are within the crystal structure of the zirconium silicate and do not adversely affect the powder being milled.
- the zirconium silicate sand grinding medium can be characterized by a particle size which is the smallest multiple of the particle size of the finished product particle size, the milled product powder particle size, which can be effectively separated from the milled product powder.
- the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand particle size is in the range of from 150 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- the mined, naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand can be screened using techniques well known to one skilled in the art to isolate a coarse fraction of sand having particles of an appropriate size to function as an effective grinding medium.
- the grinding medium can be any liquid medium compatible with the product being milled and the milling process and can include water, oil, any other organic compound or a mixture thereof, and can be combined with the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand to form a slurry.
- the liquid medium is selected depending upon the product being milled.
- the milled product powder may or may not be separated from the liquid medium after the milling process is complete; however, the grinding medium is usually separated from the liquid medium after the milling process is complete.
- the liquid medium can be an oil such as a naturally derived oil like tung oil, linseed oil, soybean oil or tall oil or mixtures thereof. These naturally occurring oils can be mixed with solvents such as mineral spirits, naphtha or toluol or mixtures thereof which can further include substances such as gums, resins, dispersants and/or drying agents.
- the liquid medium can also include other materials used in the manufacture of oil based paints and inks such as alkyd resins, epoxy resins, nitrocellulose, melamines, urethanes and silicones.
- the liquid medium can be water, optionally including antifoaming agents and/or dispersants.
- the powder is a ceramic or magnetic powder, the medium can be water and can also include dispersants.
- the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand and the liquid medium are combined to form a grinding slurry which is further characterized by a grinding slurry viscosity which can be in the range of from about 1mPas (1.0cps) to about 10kPas (10,000cps), more preferably in the range of from about 1 to 500 mPas (1.0cps to about 500cps) and most preferably in the range of from about 1 to 100 mPas (1.0cps to about 100cps).
- a grinding slurry viscosity which can be in the range of from about 1mPas (1.0cps) to about 10kPas (10,000cps), more preferably in the range of from about 1 to 500 mPas (1.0cps to about 500cps) and most preferably in the range of from about 1 to 100 mPas (1.0cps to about 100cps).
- the grinding slurry viscosity is determined by the concentration of solids in the grinding slurry and, thus, the higher the concentration of solids in the grinding slurry, the higher will be the grinding slurry viscosity and density.
- concentration of solids in the grinding slurry there is no absolute upper limit to grinding slurry viscosity; however, at some viscosity, a point is reached where no grinding medium is needed, as is the case for plastics compounded in extruders, roll mills, etc. without a grinding medium.
- the starting powder used in the method of the invention can be an agglomerated and/or aggregated powder.
- the agglomerated powder can be characterized by an agglomerated powder particle size less tnan about 500 ⁇ m and more preferably can be in the range of from about 0.01 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m.
- the agglomerated powder has a particle size of in the range of from about 0.05 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m which can be milled to approach the particle size of an individual titanium dioxide crystallite.
- the starting powder can also be characterized by a starting powder density in the range of from about 0.8g/cm 3 absolute to about 5.0g/cm 3 absolute.
- the method of the invention is suitable for organic powders which typically have densities on the lower end of the above range as well as for inorganic powders such as titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, bentonite or kaolin or mixtures thereof.
- the titanium dioxide starting powder can be an agglomerated titanium dioxide pigment which has a density in the range of from about 3.7g/cm 3 to about 4.2g/cm 3 .
- the liquid medium used in the method of the invention can be oil or water selected according to the criteria already described.
- Step (5) of milling can be carried out in any suitable milling device which employs a grinding medium, such as, but not limited to, a bead mill, cage mill, disc mill or pin mill designed to support a vertical flow or horizontal flow.
- a grinding medium such as, but not limited to, a bead mill, cage mill, disc mill or pin mill designed to support a vertical flow or horizontal flow.
- the milling process can be a batch or continuous process.
- Step (6) of separating the product slurry from the milling slurry can be accomplished by distinguishing the product slurry, which contains the product powder along with liquid medium from the milling slurry on the basis of a difference between starting powder and grinding medium physical properties and product powder particle physical properties such as particle size, particle density and particle settling rate.
- the product powder may or may not be separated from the liquid medium after the milling process is complete; however, the grinding medium is usually separated from the liquid medium after the milling process is complete.
- the product powder can be separated from the product slurry and subjected to further processing such as dispersing the powder in a dispersing medium to form a dispersion.
- the dispersing medium can be selected according to the same criteria as already described for the selection of the liquid medium. If the product powder is to be used in the product slurry, no further dispersing steps are needed.
- the following example is provided to compare the performance as a grinding medium of conventional, commercially available synthetic zirconium silicate ceramic beads with the performance of standard 10-40 mesh (U.S.)silica sand.
- Sand mills having nominal grinding chamber capacities of 1041 litres (275 gallons) and overall capacities of 1893 litres (500 gallons) were loaded separately with 1361 kg (3000 pounds) of synthetic zirconium silicate ceramic beads of nominal 300 ⁇ m and 210 ⁇ m size and with 544 kg (1200 pounds) of standard 10-40 mesh (U.S.) silica sand, the highest mill loading feasible with silica sand.
- the mills loaded with 1361 kg (3000 pounds) of synthetic zirconium silicate ceramic beads as well as the mill loaded with 544 kg (1200 pounds) of 10-40 mesh (U.S.) silica sand were operated at 61, 87 and 14 litres per minute (16, 23 and 30 gallon per minute) flow rates.
- the feed slurries fed through all mills had a density of 1.35g/cm 3 and contained titanium dioxide, approximately 40% of which was less than 0.5 ⁇ m in size in water.
- the size of the titanium dioxide particles in the product slurry was measured using a Leeds and Northrupp 9200 series MicrotracTM particle size analyzer in water with 0.2% sodium hexametaphosphate surfactant at ambient temperature. The results are summarized in Table 1 and indicate that the grinding efficiency of the synthetic zirconium silicate ceramic beads as indicated by the percentage of product powder less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ m in size compares favorably with the grinding efficiency of 10-40 mesh (U.S.) silica sand.
- the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium because of its higher density and single phase microstructure, can produce a pigment powder having superior properties to those obtained using the synthetic zirconium silicate ceramic beads as described above.
- Example 2 is provided to compare the performance of conventional silica sand with the performance of the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium of the invention. It is noted that the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand has a higher density than the 3.8g/cm 3 density of synthetic zirconium silicate products which allows use of smaller naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand particles by comparison with the synthetic zirconium silicate product particle sizes, thereby providing greater grinding efficiency.
- Example 2 was conducted by changing flowrates in mill B, operating with conventional silica sand, and of mill C, operating with naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand.
- Sand loadings in mill B and mill C were similar to those used in Example 1, i.e., 544 kg (1200 pounds) of silica sand in mill B and 1361 kg (3000 pounds) of naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand in mill C. Samples were obtained concurrently from both sand mills. Mill feed was also sampled to measure any particle size variability in feed particle size.
- Particle size data shows that at either a low flowrate (approximately 49 litres/minute (13 gallons/minute)) or at a high flowrate (approximately 132 litres/minute (35 gallons/minute)) the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand is much more efficient in reducing particle size, compared with the performance of the conventional silica sand.
- Contamination of the pigment product from the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand grinding medium was minimal as measured by x-ray fluorescence examination of the pigment solids found in the mill overflow. Metal contaminant levels also measured by x-ray fluorescence were similar to those observed in pigments milled using a conventional silica sand grinding medium.
- the optical quality of the pigment milled with the naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand as measured by the B381 dry color and brightness test which is defined as the total light reflected from a powder compact surface and the spectrum of reflected light i.e. color, was comparable to that obtained for samples milled using conventional silica sand. Results of these tests are summarized in Table 3.
- Pigment Particle Size Data Parameter Mill B Mill C Flowrate l/min (gal/min) 50 (13.2) 50 (13.2) Median Particle Diameter 0.37 0.24 Fraction of Particles ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m 86.94 99.55 Flowrate l/min (gal/min) 133 (35.2) 133 (35.2) Median Particle Diameter 0.38 0.37 Fraction of Particles ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m 75.64 87.55 Pigment Chemical Composition and Optical Properties Property Mill B Mill C % Al 2 O 3 0.71 0.72 %ZrO 2 0.01 0.01 % Calgon 0.06 0.06 Fe ppm 35 34 Ni ppm 10 8 B381 Brightness 97.87 97.94 B381 Color 1.14 1.09
- mill C was inspected for signs of wear on the rubber lining using a fiber optic probe inserted through a flange in the underside of the mill. Essentially no signs of wear on the rubber lining were observed as indicated by the condition of the weavelike pattern on the rubber mill lining which is normally present on the surface of freshly lined mills.
- the mill lining showed considerable wear, especially to the leading edges of the mill rotor bars where the weavelike pattern had been almost completely worn away.
- the following example is provided to show the differences in particle size, impurity content and grinding performance among naturally occurring zirconium silicate sands obtained from different natural sources.
- Sample 1 Three naturally occurring zirconium silicate sand samples, hereinafter referred to as Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3 were evaluated for particle size using a screen analysis conducted for thirty minutes on a RotapTM. Based on the data presented in Table 4, Sample 2 and Sample 3 are similar with respect to particle size, while Sample 1 is smaller, which can make it difficult to retain Sample 1 sand in a cage mill during a continuous process.
- Particle Sizes of Zirconium Silicate Sand Samples Sample Origin Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 %180 microns 0.61 75.1 67.2 %150microns 5.73 16 32.1 % less than 150microns 93.66 8.9 0.7
- a laboratory scale grinding study was also performed with the three naturally occurring zirconium silicate sands. The study was conducted in a cage mill under a standard laboratory sand load of 1.8:1 zirconium sand to pigment load. Table 6 shows the percent of particles passing 0.5micron, i.e., particles having sizes smaller than 0.5micron, after 2, 4 and 8 minutes of grinding, as well as the median particle diameter at these times.
- the pigment was an untreated interior enamel grade titanium dioxide pigment. Particle sizes were determined using a MicrotracTM particle size analyzer as has been described before.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zum Mahlen eines Pulvers, das umfaßt:(1) Vermischen eines Ausgangspulvers, eines Schleifmediums, das natürlich vorkommenden Zirkoniumsilicatsand mit einer absoluten Dichte im Bereich von 4,75 bis 4,85 g/cm3 und einer Partikelgröße im Bereich von 150 bis 250 um enthält, und eines flüssigen Mediums, um einen Mahlschlamm zu bilden;(2) Mahlen des Mahlschlamms in einer Hochenergiemühle, die gewählt ist aus Scheibenmühlen, Schlagkorbmühlen und Reibungsmühlen, während einer Zeitdauer, die ausreicht, um einen Produktschlamm herzustellen, der ein Produktpulver mit einer gewünschten Partikelgröße und mit im wesentlichen derselben Zusammensetzung wie das Ausgangspulver enthält, und(3) Trennen des das Produktpulver enthaltenden Produktschlamms vom Mahlschlamm, so daß das Schleifmedium im Mahlschlamm zurückbleibt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das Ausgangspulver ein Agglomeratpulver mit einer Partikelgröße im Bereich von 0,01 bis 500 µm ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem das Ausgangspulver ein Aggregatpulver ist und bei dem das Ausgangspulver und das Produktpulver jeweils eine absolute Pulverdichte im Bereich von 0,8 bis 5 g/cm3 besitzen.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, bei dem das Ausgangspulver ein Agglomerat-Titandioxidpigment ist.
- Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1-4, bei dem der Schritt (3) das Trennen des Produktschlamms vom Mahlschlamm anhand einer Differenz zwischen der Partikelgröße, der Partikeldichte oder der Partikelabsetzrate des Ausgangspulvers, des Schleifmediums und des Produktpulvers umfaßt.
- Verfahren nach irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1-5, das ferner das Trennen des Produktpulvers vom Produktschlamm und das Dispergieren des Produktpulvers in einem Dispergiermedium, um eine Dispersion zu bilden, umfaßt.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP99103983A EP0930098B1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-24 | Zirkonium Silikat Mahlhilfsmittel |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18608594A | 1994-01-25 | 1994-01-25 | |
US186085 | 1994-01-25 | ||
PCT/US1995/000963 WO1995019846A1 (en) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-24 | Zirconium silicate grinding medium and method of milling |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99103983A Division EP0930098B1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-24 | Zirkonium Silikat Mahlhilfsmittel |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0690749A1 EP0690749A1 (de) | 1996-01-10 |
EP0690749A4 EP0690749A4 (de) | 1996-10-30 |
EP0690749B1 true EP0690749B1 (de) | 2000-03-29 |
Family
ID=22683601
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99103983A Expired - Lifetime EP0930098B1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-24 | Zirkonium Silikat Mahlhilfsmittel |
EP95908662A Expired - Lifetime EP0690749B1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-24 | Mahlverfahren unter verwendung von zirkonium silikat |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99103983A Expired - Lifetime EP0930098B1 (de) | 1994-01-25 | 1995-01-24 | Zirkonium Silikat Mahlhilfsmittel |
Country Status (18)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0930098B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2693039B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR0164652B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1042104C (de) |
AT (2) | ATE191160T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU671248B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9506238A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2158969C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ284563B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE69530132T2 (de) |
ES (2) | ES2143616T3 (de) |
FI (1) | FI954466A (de) |
MX (1) | MX9504066A (de) |
PL (1) | PL176837B1 (de) |
SK (1) | SK117895A3 (de) |
TW (1) | TW276208B (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995019846A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA95590B (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2315505B (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 1998-07-22 | Sofitech Nv | An additive for increasing the density of a fluid and fluid comprising such additve |
DE102004040368B3 (de) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-23 | Juhnke, Michael, Dipl.-Ing. | Mahlkörper zur Herstellung feinstkörniger Produkte |
US20080022900A1 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2008-01-31 | Venkata Rama Rao Goparaju | Process for manufacturing titanium dioxide pigment |
CN101722085B (zh) * | 2008-10-15 | 2012-06-13 | 许兴康 | 高纯亚纳米级超细硅酸锆粉的研磨工艺 |
CN102795848B (zh) * | 2012-08-02 | 2013-10-23 | 江苏锡阳研磨科技有限公司 | 低温烧结硅酸锆研磨球及制备方法 |
CN111180719A (zh) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | 马鞍山科达普锐能源科技有限公司 | 一种三级研磨制备纳米硅的方法 |
CN115043620B (zh) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-03-10 | 湖北工业大学 | 一种以砂为研磨介质制备早强型预制构件混凝土的方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB679552A (en) * | 1949-08-29 | 1952-09-17 | British Titan Products | Improvements relating to methods and apparatus for grinding, crushing and disintegrating |
US3337140A (en) * | 1964-06-03 | 1967-08-22 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Dispersion process |
DE2832761B1 (de) * | 1978-07-26 | 1979-10-31 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur UEberfuehrung von rohen und/oder grobkristallisierten Perylen-tetracarbonsaeurediimiden in eine Pigmentform |
JPS5815079A (ja) * | 1981-07-14 | 1983-01-28 | 日本化学陶業株式会社 | ジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕機用部材 |
US4547534A (en) * | 1983-03-18 | 1985-10-15 | Memorex Corporation | Method to disperse fine solids without size reduction |
JPS60211637A (ja) * | 1984-04-05 | 1985-10-24 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | 磁気記録媒体の製造方法 |
JPH04166246A (ja) * | 1990-10-31 | 1992-06-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 媒体撹拌ミル及び粉砕方法 |
-
1995
- 1995-01-24 AT AT95908662T patent/ATE191160T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 ES ES95908662T patent/ES2143616T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 KR KR1019950704087A patent/KR0164652B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 DE DE69530132T patent/DE69530132T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-24 ES ES99103983T patent/ES2190624T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 MX MX9504066A patent/MX9504066A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 WO PCT/US1995/000963 patent/WO1995019846A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-01-24 JP JP7519738A patent/JP2693039B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-24 DE DE69515935T patent/DE69515935T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-24 AT AT99103983T patent/ATE235318T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 EP EP99103983A patent/EP0930098B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 CZ CZ952357A patent/CZ284563B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 PL PL95310446A patent/PL176837B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 CN CN95190048A patent/CN1042104C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-24 BR BR9506238A patent/BR9506238A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-01-24 AU AU16900/95A patent/AU671248B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-24 CA CA002158969A patent/CA2158969C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-24 SK SK1178-95A patent/SK117895A3/sk unknown
- 1995-01-24 EP EP95908662A patent/EP0690749B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-25 ZA ZA95590A patent/ZA95590B/xx unknown
- 1995-03-01 TW TW084101912A patent/TW276208B/zh active
- 1995-09-21 FI FI954466A patent/FI954466A/fi unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KIRK-OTHMER: "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 1984, JOHN WILEY AND SONS, VOL. 24, PAGES 864 - 865, NEW YORK * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0690749A4 (de) | 1996-10-30 |
DE69515935D1 (de) | 2000-05-04 |
CN1042104C (zh) | 1999-02-17 |
AU1690095A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
CN1122112A (zh) | 1996-05-08 |
EP0930098B1 (de) | 2003-03-26 |
ES2190624T3 (es) | 2003-08-01 |
DE69515935T2 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
SK117895A3 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
PL310446A1 (en) | 1995-12-11 |
ES2143616T3 (es) | 2000-05-16 |
JP2693039B2 (ja) | 1997-12-17 |
PL176837B1 (pl) | 1999-08-31 |
EP0690749A1 (de) | 1996-01-10 |
TW276208B (de) | 1996-05-21 |
CA2158969C (en) | 2000-06-27 |
WO1995019846A1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
ATE191160T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
EP0930098A1 (de) | 1999-07-21 |
AU671248B2 (en) | 1996-08-15 |
CZ284563B6 (cs) | 1999-01-13 |
MX9504066A (es) | 1997-05-31 |
KR0164652B1 (ko) | 1998-12-15 |
ZA95590B (en) | 1996-07-25 |
BR9506238A (pt) | 1997-09-30 |
FI954466A0 (fi) | 1995-09-21 |
DE69530132T2 (de) | 2004-01-08 |
JPH08506527A (ja) | 1996-07-16 |
CZ235795A3 (en) | 1996-02-14 |
CA2158969A1 (en) | 1995-07-27 |
KR960700819A (ko) | 1996-02-24 |
DE69530132D1 (de) | 2003-04-30 |
FI954466A (fi) | 1995-09-21 |
ATE235318T1 (de) | 2003-04-15 |
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