EP0679046B1 - Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0679046B1 EP0679046B1 EP95103597A EP95103597A EP0679046B1 EP 0679046 B1 EP0679046 B1 EP 0679046B1 EP 95103597 A EP95103597 A EP 95103597A EP 95103597 A EP95103597 A EP 95103597A EP 0679046 B1 EP0679046 B1 EP 0679046B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- circuit
- diodes
- circuit arrangement
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000033764 rhythmic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/355—Power factor correction [PFC]; Reactive power compensation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
- Y10S315/07—Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operating low-pressure discharge lamps according to the preamble of claim 1.
- high-frequency operation enables of low-pressure discharge lamps compared to lamp operation at mains frequency a significant reduction in the size of the control gear and improved Operating conditions for the lamps, e.g. B. better ignition behavior, no flickering and higher luminous efficacy, but on the other hand requires more circuitry, for sufficient radio interference suppression and as sinusoidal as possible Ensure grid current draw with a power factor close to one.
- a circuit arrangement corresponding to the preamble of claim 1 is for example disclosed in European patent EP 0 372 303. It contains a half-bridge inverter with two alternating switching transistors whose center tap is a series resonance circuit consisting of resonance inductance, Coupling capacitor and resonance capacitance is connected. In the series resonance circuit a low-pressure discharge lamp is also integrated. Also points this circuit has an active harmonic filter that complies with the IEC regulations guaranteed sinusoidal mains current draw. This harmonic filter will formed by four diodes, which are interconnected like a bridge rectifier and in the forward DC direction between the DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier and the positive pole of the one feeding the inverter Smoothing capacitor are integrated in the circuit.
- the four diodes of the Harmonic filters interrupt the charge transport to the smoothing capacitor in the Switching cycle of the inverter.
- the diodes are controlled in each case via the center tap between the diodes connected in series.
- the Center tap of a first pair of diodes is here on the one hand via a pump capacitor directly to the center tap of the half-bridge inverter and on the other hand another pump capacitor between the resonance inductor and the coupling capacitor led to a tap in the series resonance circuit, during the Center tap of the second pair of diodes via a DC isolating capacitor and an inductor is connected to a tap in the series resonance circuit.
- this circuit arrangement allows an almost sinusoidal mains current draw and achieve a network power factor greater than 0.9.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention contains an inverter with a downstream LC output circuit, in which a low-pressure discharge lamp is integrated is.
- the inverter is connected to a high-frequency filter, a mains voltage rectifier and one, parallel to the DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier horizontal smoothing capacitor supplied with DC voltage.
- a high-frequency bridge rectifier in the forward DC direction, consisting of two arranged parallel to each other Series connections of two diodes integrated into the circuit.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention has a storage inductor which between the positive pole of the DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier and the input of the high frequency bridge rectifier inserted into the circuit is.
- the center tap between the first two diodes connected in series is connected to a first lamp electrode via a negative feedback capacitance, during the center tap between the two second diodes connected in series to the second lamp electrode and to the negative pole via a backup capacitor of the smoothing capacitor connected.
- the Storage choke at the input of the high-frequency bridge rectifier also exercises a step-up effect, so that the circuit arrangement according to the invention especially for the operation of low pressure discharge lamps with comparatively high operating voltage, e.g. B., for the operation of miniature fluorescent lamps and Fluorescent lamps with a sharp rise in operating voltage during the aging process, is suitable.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention has also one parallel to the DC voltage output of the mains voltage rectifier switched capacitor, which together with the storage inductor Low pass forms.
- This low-pass filter allows the high-frequency to be further weakened Voltage components on the mains connection side of the circuit arrangement.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention is also for Operation of miniature fluorescent lamps suitable, their electrodes during operation are exposed to a particularly high thermal load because these lamps compared to T8 or T10 fluorescent lamps, a much higher power density exhibit.
- the highly schematic Figure 1 illustrates the principle of the invention Circuit arrangement.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention contains a Mains connection connected radio interference suppression filter FI with a downstream mains voltage rectifier GL, to whose DC voltage output a capacitor C1 is connected in parallel.
- the circuit arrangement has an inverter WR with an LC output circuit, consisting of a resonance inductor LR, a resonance capacitance CR, a coupling capacitor CK and a low pressure discharge lamp L by a smoothing capacitor C2, which is parallel to Input of the inverter WR and parallel to the DC voltage output of the Mains voltage rectifier GL is switched.
- the positive output of the mains voltage rectifier GL is also via a storage choke L1 and a high-frequency rectifier bridge, that formed by the four diodes D1, D2, D3 and D4 is, with the positive pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 and with an input of the Inverter WR and via the resonance capacitance CR with a tap in the LC output circuit of the inverter WR connected.
- the high-frequency rectifier bridge interrupts the charging of the smoothing capacitor C2 in the switching rhythm of the inverter WR.
- the high-frequency rectifier bridge is controlled via the center taps between the diodes D1, D2 and between the diodes D3, D4.
- the potential at the center tap of the diodes D1, D2 is due to the voltage drop determined on the negative feedback capacitor CG, which with the center tap between the diodes D1, D2 and with a tap in the electrode heating circuit, consisting of the Electrode filaments E1, E2 and a heating capacitor CL, is connected.
- the center tap of the diode pair D3, D4 is on the one hand directly with the lamp electrode E2 and on the other hand via a support capacitor CS with the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 connected.
- the voltage drop across the support capacitor CS is proportional to the lamp current and determines the potential at the center tap between the diodes D3, D4 and thus the blocking behavior of this diode pair.
- the parallel diode D5 connected to the support capacitor CS clamps the negative components of the Support capacitor voltage to the zero line, d. that is, to the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2.
- the diodes D1 and D3 remain in the blocked and the diodes D2 and D4 in the conductive State, so that the charging of the smoothing capacitor C2 from the line rectifier GL is interrupted.
- the instantaneous value of the mains voltage lies above the voltages at the negative feedback CG or support capacitor CS, see above the diode branches D1, D2 or D3, D4 are transparent and the smoothing capacitor C2 is supplied via the mains voltage rectifier GL.
- the coupling capacitor CK is recharged and accordingly the state of charge of the capacitors CG and CS also changes, so that with suitable dimensioning of the components of the LC output circuit and the Capacitors CG, CS and the storage choke L1, the high-frequency rectifier bridge the charging of the smoothing capacitor C2 in the switching rhythm of the inverter WR interrupts.
- the storage choke L1 has a step-up effect, by during the pass phase of the high frequency rectifier bridge releases the energy stored in its magnetic field to the smoothing capacitor C2.
- the storage choke L1 forms together with the parallel to the output of the Mains voltage rectifier GL switched capacitor C1 a low pass, the high-frequency voltage components further weakened.
- FIG. 2 shows a detailed circuit diagram of a particularly preferred embodiment the circuit arrangement according to the invention.
- Main component of this circuit is a self-oscillating, current-feedback half-bridge inverter with two alternating switching transistors T1, T2, its supply voltage from the smoothing capacitor C2 connected in parallel with its input.
- the smoothing capacitor C2 is connected via a radio interference filter FI and a rectifier GL with an output capacitor connected in parallel to its DC voltage output Cl and the high-frequency rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 from Mains fed.
- a radio interference filter FI and a rectifier GL with an output capacitor connected in parallel to its DC voltage output Cl and the high-frequency rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 from Mains fed.
- LC output circuit in particular a series resonance circuit consisting of a resonance inductor LR, a coupling capacitor CK and a resonance capacitance CR connected.
- the primary winding RKA is one in the series resonance circuit Toroidal transformer integrated.
- a T2 miniature fluorescent lamp is parallel to the resonance capacity CR L switched with a power consumption of 13 watts.
- the Synonym "T2" means that the fluorescent lamp L has a diameter (vertical to the discharge path) of approx. 2/8 inch (approx. 7 mm).
- the trained as spirals Lamp electrodes E1, E2 are each with their second connection via a Sidac SI and a PTC thermistor R connected together. They form together with these components a heating circuit lying parallel to the resonance capacitance CR, the one Preheating of the electrode filaments E1, E2 before lamp ignition enables.
- the Sidac SI interrupts the heating circuit, so that the PTC thermistor R is switched out of the LC output circuit of the inverter.
- the Discharge path of the fluorescent lamp L is parallel to the resonance capacitance CR and connected in parallel to the series connection of Sidac SI and PTC thermistor R. Closed becomes the series resonance circuit consisting of the components RKA, LR, CK and CR of the half-bridge inverter T1, T2 via a backup capacitor CS, the a connection with the resonance capacitance CR and the first connection of the Lamp electrode E2 is connected, and its other connection to the negative pole of the Smoothing capacitor C2 and to the negative output of the mains voltage rectifier GL is led.
- the electrode filaments El, E2 of the lamp L are therefore not in the Series resonance circuit integrated and are therefore only after lamp ignition flowed through by the discharge current.
- the primary winding RKA of the toroidal transformer controls the switching behavior of the Transistors T1, T2 via the integrated in the respective base circuit of the transistors T1, T2 Secondary winding RKB or RKC and the basic series resistors R1, R4.
- the transistor half bridge also includes the emitter resistors R3, R6 Resistors R2, R5 and the only connected in parallel to the base-emitter path schematically illustrated starting circuit ST, which starts the inverter triggers.
- a detailed description of how the half-bridge inverter works, including the start circuit ST, can be found for example in the Book "Schaltnetzmaschine" by W. Hirschmann / A. Hauenstein, ed. Siemens AG, edition 1990 on page 63.
- Resistors R2 and R5 only improve that Switching behavior of the transistors T1, T2, by removing the charge carriers faster from the space charge zone of the base-emitter interface.
- High-frequency rectifier bridge consisting of diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, which in DC forward direction between the positive output of the line rectifier GL and the positive pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 integrated into the circuit is.
- the diodes D1 and D2, like the diodes D3 and D4, are in series switched to each other.
- the diode pair D1, D2 is parallel to the diode pair D3, D4 arranged.
- the anode connections of the diodes D1, D3 are via a storage inductor L1 connected to the positive output of the mains voltage rectifier GL.
- the Cathode connections of the diodes D2, D4 are with the positive pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 and connected to the collector of transistor T1.
- the center tap between the diodes D1, D2 is in each case connected via a negative feedback capacitor CG a connection of the coupling capacitor CK and the resonance capacitance CR and connected to the first connection of the electrode coil El.
- the center tap between the diodes D3, D4 is on the one hand directly to the connection point of resonance capacitance CR and electrode coil E2 connected and the other via the support capacitor CS with the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 and with connected to the negative output of the mains voltage rectifier GL.
- Parallel to Support capacitor CS is connected to a diode D5, the negative components of the Support capacitor voltage clamps to the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2.
- the high-frequency rectifier bridge interrupts the Charging of the smoothing capacitor C2 in the switching rhythm of the half-bridge inverter.
- the circuit arrangement according to the invention has a safety shutdown, the inverter if the lamp is defective or in the event of an abnormal one Operating state switches off.
- An essential part of this safety shutdown is a thyristor TH, whose control electrode is controlled by a diac DI.
- Thyristor TH is on the one hand via an ohmic holding resistor R10 with the collector of the transistor T1 and on the other hand with the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 connected.
- the control electrode of the thyristor TH is via the diac DI and an electrolytic capacitor C3 with the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2 connected.
- the base connection of transistor T1 is via a diode D6 and a ohmic resistor R7 connected to the anode of thyristor TH.
- Parallel voltage dividing resistors R15, R16, R17 are connected to the smoothing capacitor C2.
- the center tap between the resistors R15 and R16 is via a diode D8 connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3.
- the center tap between the negative feedback capacitor CG, the electrode coil El, the Coupling capacitor CK and the resonance capacitance CR is across the resistors R8, R9 and R11 connected to the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2.
- Of the Center tap between the resistors R9 and R11 is connected via a diode D7 connected to the positive pole of the electrolytic capacitor C3.
- an ohmic resistor R13 is also connected.
- the center tap between the control electrode of the thyristor TH and the diac DI is via an ohmic Resistor R14 connected to the negative pole of smoothing capacitor C2.
- the voltage divider R15, R16, R17 detects the voltage drop across the smoothing capacitor C2. If this exceeds a predetermined critical value, the Electrolytic capacitor C3 is charged via diode D8 to the breakover voltage of Diacs DI and the thyristor TH turns on, so that the base of the transistor T1 with is connected to the negative pole of the smoothing capacitor C2. This will Transistor T1 withdraws the control signal and the half-bridge inverter is switched off.
- the voltage divider R8, R9, R11 detects the ignition or Operating voltage of the miniature fluorescent lamp L.
- the electrolytic capacitor C3 via the diode D7 also to the breakover voltage of Diacs DI charged so that the thyristor TH turns on and the transistor T1 the control signal is withdrawn.
- the resistor R13 and the electrolytic capacitor C3 define a time constant so that the thyristor TH during the ignition phase the lamp L is not activated.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- das Prinzip der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltungsanordnung in stark schematisierter Darstellung
- Figur 2
- die Schaltungsanordnung gemäß eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels
R1, R4 | 10 Ω |
R2, R5 | 82 Ω |
R3, R6 | 0,56 Ω |
R7 | 100 Ω |
R8, R9, R16, R17 | 500 kΩ |
R10 | 68 kΩ |
R11 | 82 kΩ |
R13 | 1 MΩ |
R14 | 1 kΩ |
R15 | 47 kΩ |
C1 | 47 nF |
C2 | 4,7 µF |
C3 | 2,2 µF |
CS | 4,7 nF |
CK | 68 nF |
CR | 2,2 nF |
CG | 1 nF |
L1 | 1,5 mH |
LR | 4,5 mH |
RKA:RKB:RKC | 7:2:2 Windungen |
D1 - D8 | RGL34J |
T1, T2 | BUD 620 |
TH | C106M |
Claims (5)
- Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen miteinem Netzanschluß,einem Funkentstörfilterfilter (FI),einem Netzspannungsgleichrichter (GL),einem an den Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters (GL) angeschlossenen Wechselrichter (WR), der einen LC-Ausgangskreis besitzt,einem Glättungskondensator (C2) parallel zum Eingang des Wechselrichters (WR),mindestens einer in den LC-Ausgangskreis des Wechselrichters (WR) integrierten Niederdruckentladungslampe (L),einem Hochfrequenz-Brückengleichrichter, bestehend aus zwei parallel zueinander angeordneten Reihenschaltungen von jeweils zwei Dioden (D1, D2; D3, D4) die in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung zwischen den Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters (GL) und dem Glättungskondensator (C2) in die Schaltung integriert sind,die Schaltungsanordnung eine Speicherdrossel (L1) aufweist, die mit dem Pluspol des Gleichspannungsausgangs des Netzspannungsgleichrichters (GL) und mit den Anodenanschlüssen der Dioden (D1, D3) des Hochfrequenz-Brückengleichrichters (D1, D2; D3, D4) verbunden ist.der Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden ersten in Reihe geschalteten Dioden (D1, D2) über eine Gegenkopplungskapazität (CG) mit einer ersten Lampenelektrode (E1) verbunden ist,der Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden zweiten in Reihe geschalteten Dioden (D3, D4) an die zweite Lampenelektrode (E2) sowie über einen Stützkondensator (CS) an den Minuspol des Glättungskondensators (C2) angeschlossen ist.
- Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltungsanordnung einen Kondensator (C1) besitzt, der parallel zum Gleichspannungsausgang des Netzspannungsgleichrichters (GL) geschaltet ist.
- Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltungsanordnung eine Leuchtstofflampe (L) mit vorheizbaren Elektrodenwendeln (El, E2) besitzt.
- Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daßder Wechselrichter (WR) ein Halbbrückenwechselrichter mit zwei alternierend schaltenden Schalttransistoren (T1, T2) ist und der LC-Ausgangskreis zumindest eine Resonanzinduktivität (LR), eine Resonanzkapazität (CR) und einen Kopplungskondensator (CK) enthält,ein erster Anschluß der ersten Elektrodenwendel (El) über den Gegenkopplungskondensator (CG) mit dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden (D1, D2) verbunden ist,der erste Anschluß der ersten Elektrodenwendel (E1) über den Resonanzkondensator (CR) an den Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden (D3, D4) angeschlossen ist,der erste Anschluß der ersten Elektrodenwendel (El) über den Kopplungskondensator (CK) und die Resonanzinduktivität (LR) mit dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den Schalttransistoren (T1, T2) des Wechselrichters (WR) verbunden ist,ein erster Anschluß der zweiten Elektrodenwendel (E2) an die Resonanzkapazität (CR) und an den Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden (D3, D4) angeschlossen ist,der zweite Anschluß der ersten Elektrodenwendel (El) über Bauteile (SI, R) eines Elektrodenheizkreises mit dem zweiten Anschluß der zweiten Elektrodenwendel (E2) verbunden ist.
- Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaltungsanordnung eine Sicherheitsabschaltung aufweist, die die Schaltung im Falle eines anomalem Betriebszustandes abschaltet.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4410492A DE4410492A1 (de) | 1994-03-25 | 1994-03-25 | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen |
DE4410492 | 1994-03-25 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0679046A1 EP0679046A1 (de) | 1995-10-25 |
EP0679046B1 true EP0679046B1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
Family
ID=6513903
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95103597A Expired - Lifetime EP0679046B1 (de) | 1994-03-25 | 1995-03-13 | Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5521467A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0679046B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3599823B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4410492A1 (de) |
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WO1999052330A1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 1999-10-14 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Circuit arrangement |
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JP4771073B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-24 | 2011-09-14 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | 放電ランプ点灯装置および照明装置 |
DE102005025682B4 (de) * | 2005-06-03 | 2010-04-22 | Minebea Co., Ltd., Kitasaku | Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung von Leuchtstofflampen in einer Beleuchtungsanordnung |
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US3753037A (en) * | 1970-02-26 | 1973-08-14 | New Nippon Electric Co | Discharge-lamp operating device using thyristor oscillating circuit |
DE2941822A1 (de) * | 1979-10-16 | 1981-04-30 | Patra Patent Treuhand | Vorschaltanordnung zum betreiben von niederdruckentladungslampen |
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WO1992004808A1 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1992-03-19 | Siew Ean Wong | Improvements in electronic ballasts |
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US5412287A (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1995-05-02 | Motorola Lighting, Inc. | Circuit for powering a gas discharge lamp |
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-
1994
- 1994-03-25 DE DE4410492A patent/DE4410492A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-02-15 US US08/389,179 patent/US5521467A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-03-13 DE DE59506071T patent/DE59506071D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-13 EP EP95103597A patent/EP0679046B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-22 JP JP08883095A patent/JP3599823B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0679046A1 (de) | 1995-10-25 |
DE59506071D1 (de) | 1999-07-08 |
JPH07272885A (ja) | 1995-10-20 |
JP3599823B2 (ja) | 2004-12-08 |
US5521467A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
DE4410492A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
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