EP0666248B1 - Mélange générateur de gaz - Google Patents

Mélange générateur de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0666248B1
EP0666248B1 EP94119383A EP94119383A EP0666248B1 EP 0666248 B1 EP0666248 B1 EP 0666248B1 EP 94119383 A EP94119383 A EP 94119383A EP 94119383 A EP94119383 A EP 94119383A EP 0666248 B1 EP0666248 B1 EP 0666248B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catalyst
mixture according
mixture
carrier
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94119383A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0666248A1 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Martin Dr. Bucerius
Helmut Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP0666248A1 publication Critical patent/EP0666248A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0666248B1 publication Critical patent/EP0666248B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas-generating mixture of a fuel, an oxidizer and a catalyst.
  • Gas-generating mixtures of the aforementioned type - also called gas generator sets - are characterized in that they enable a high gas yield (> 14 mol / kg) during combustion. They are used for rocket and barrel weapon drives as well as for inflatable restraint (airbag) and rescue systems. In the civil sector in particular, thermal-mechanical insensitivity and non-toxicity of the starting mixtures, but also a lack of toxicity in the resulting gases are required. Many systems in use do not meet these requirements, or meet them only very inadequately.
  • the invention has for its object to lower the combustion temperature and increase the rate of combustion in a mixture of the structure mentioned in the introduction.
  • the oxidizer is Cu (NO 3 ) 2 * 3Cu (OH) 2 and the catalyst consists of a metal or a metal alloy on a support.
  • the oxidizer provided according to the invention results in sustained and rapid combustion.
  • the maximum pressure is reached within milliseconds, with the gas temperature remaining below harmful limits.
  • Hitherto necessary slag formers, which in known systems for binding pollutants, e.g. Alkali oxides, required, can be omitted in the mixture according to the invention, so that a higher gas yield can be achieved.
  • the catalyst which is also used according to the invention is primarily used to reduce harmful gas (CO and NO), the term "catalyst" in the broader sense here denoting an active reaction component which can be implemented itself and has a reaction-guiding and / or reaction-accelerating effect.
  • the carrier serves to present the main component with a large specific surface and a defined grain size distribution. Another property of the carrier is to develop a cooling effect through physical and / or chemical processes - in a special phase of the reaction, that goes beyond a pure capacitive cooling effect.
  • the carrier can also act as a promoter of the main component. Not only the metal catalyst, but also the oxidizer are thermally and mechanically stable and in particular also not hygroscopic.
  • the catalyst is preferably a pyrophoric metal or such a metal alloy on a support which remains as a solid after the combustion.
  • This can be a silicate, preferably a layered or framework silicate.
  • N-rich and C-poor fuels include the well-known fuels TAGN (triaminoguanidine nitrate), NIGU (nitroguanidine), NTO (3-nitro-1,2,3-triazol-5-one) and the GZT (diguanidinium-5,5 '), which is characterized by a particularly high nitrogen content. -azotetrazolate) (DE 4 108 225).
  • TAGN, NIGU, NTO, but in particular GZT are preferably used in the mixture according to the invention when used for rescue and restraint systems.
  • a preferred mixture consists of GZT and Cu (NO 3 ) 2 * 3Cu (OH) 2 with a balanced oxygen balance and up to 30% by mass of the catalyst.
  • the mixture can contain Fe 2 O 3 as the coolant, the oxidative properties of which can additionally be used in the reaction mixture (DE 41 33 655, EP 0 536 525).
  • a mixture consisting of GZT, pyrophoric Ag on a layer or framework silicate support as catalyst and Cu (NO 3 ) 2 * 3Cu (OH) 2 as oxidizer in a ratio of 22.05: 20.0: 57.95 mass% manufactured.
  • This formulation is investigated experimentally in the ballistic bomb with regard to its ignition and combustion behavior.
  • a pressure curve diagram according to the system is obtained. The diagram shows that the mixture has good ignition and combustion properties.
  • the combustion temperature can be determined very precisely by thermodynamic calculation. It is 2345 K. With the same GZT fuel and a balanced oxygen balance, other oxidizers deliver higher combustion temperatures. For example, they are 2501 K for KNO 3 , 2850 K for NH 4 NO 3 and 3248 K for K Cl O 3 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Mélange générateur de gaz composé d'un combustible, d'un oxydant et d'un catalyseur,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'oxydant est du Cu(NO3)2*3Cu(OH)2 et le catalyseur se compose d'un métal ou d'un alliage métallique sur un support.
  2. Mélange selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le catalyseur est un métal pyrophorique ou un alliage métallique pyrophorique sur un support.
  3. Mélange selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    comme support pour le catalyseur métallique on se sert d'un silicate, en particulier d'un silicate stratifié ou structuré.
  4. Mélange selon la revendication 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    comme catalyseur on se sert d'Ag pyrophorique sur un support de silicate stratifié ou structuré.
  5. Mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    comme combustible on se sert de TAGN (triaminoguadinine nitrate), NIGU (nitroguanidine), NTO (3-nitro-1,2,3-triazol-5-on) ou GZT (diguanidinium-5,5'-azote trazolate).
  6. Mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    se composant d'un mélange de GZT et Cu(NO3)2*3Cu(OH)2 avec bilan d'oxygène équilibré et jusqu'à 30 % en masse de catalyseur.
  7. Mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le catalyseur comporte une granulométrie moyenne <µm.
  8. Mélange selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    il convient comme agent de refroidissement du Fr2O3.
EP94119383A 1994-01-18 1994-12-08 Mélange générateur de gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0666248B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4401214A DE4401214C1 (de) 1994-01-18 1994-01-18 Gaserzeugende Mischung
DE4401214 1994-01-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0666248A1 EP0666248A1 (fr) 1995-08-09
EP0666248B1 true EP0666248B1 (fr) 1996-10-23

Family

ID=6508092

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94119383A Expired - Lifetime EP0666248B1 (fr) 1994-01-18 1994-12-08 Mélange générateur de gaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5542999A (fr)
EP (1) EP0666248B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4401214C1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4442169C1 (de) * 1994-11-26 1995-12-21 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Gaserzeugende Mischung
DE4442170C1 (de) * 1994-11-26 1995-12-21 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Gaserzeugende Mischung
JPH08231291A (ja) * 1994-12-27 1996-09-10 Daicel Chem Ind Ltd ガス発生剤組成物
DE19531288A1 (de) * 1995-08-25 1997-02-27 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Pyrotechnische Gasgeneratoren mit verbessertem Anbrennverhalten
US5608183A (en) * 1996-03-15 1997-03-04 Morton International, Inc. Gas generant compositions containing amine nitrates plus basic copper (II) nitrate and/or cobalt(III) triammine trinitrate
WO1998003448A1 (fr) † 1996-07-20 1998-01-29 Dynamit Nobel Gmbh Explosivstoff- Und Systemtechnik Fusible thermique
US6497774B2 (en) 1996-07-22 2002-12-24 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generant for air bag
US6527886B1 (en) 1996-07-22 2003-03-04 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generant for air bag
US6306232B1 (en) 1996-07-29 2001-10-23 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Thermally stable nonazide automotive airbag propellants
WO1998039275A1 (fr) * 1997-03-05 1998-09-11 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Generateur de gaz comprenant des complexes carbonate de metal amines
DE19812372C2 (de) * 1998-03-20 2001-10-04 Nigu Chemie Gmbh Gasgeneratortreibstoffe
US6132538A (en) * 1998-07-30 2000-10-17 Autoliv Development Ab High gas yield generant compositions
DE29821544U1 (de) 1998-12-02 1999-02-18 TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG, 84544 Aschau Azidfreie, gaserzeugende Zusammensetzung
US6143102A (en) * 1999-05-06 2000-11-07 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Burn rate-enhanced basic copper nitrate-containing gas generant compositions and methods
CN100465097C (zh) * 1999-09-27 2009-03-04 大赛璐化学工业株式会社 碱式金属硝酸盐、其制造方法和产气组合物
JP4800469B2 (ja) * 1999-10-08 2011-10-26 ダイセル化学工業株式会社 ガス発生剤組成物
US6224697B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2001-05-01 Autoliv Development Ab Gas generant manufacture
US6372191B1 (en) 1999-12-03 2002-04-16 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Phase stabilized ammonium nitrate and method of making the same
JP4500399B2 (ja) * 2000-02-04 2010-07-14 ダイセル化学工業株式会社 トリアジン誘導体を含むガス発生剤組成物
DE20010154U1 (de) 2000-06-07 2000-09-07 TRW Airbag Systems GmbH & Co. KG, 84544 Aschau Anzündmischung zur Verwendung in Gasgeneratoren
US6436211B1 (en) 2000-07-18 2002-08-20 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Gas generant manufacture
US6589375B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2003-07-08 Talley Defense Systems, Inc. Low solids gas generant having a low flame temperature
CN1285547C (zh) * 2001-05-10 2006-11-22 日本化药株式会社 点火剂组合物和使用该点火剂组合物的点火器
US6854395B2 (en) 2001-08-10 2005-02-15 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Inflator for an air bag
US6875295B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2005-04-05 Trw Inc. Cool burning gas generating material for a vehicle occupant protection apparatus
US20040154710A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-08-12 Mamoru Watabiki Gas generating composition
US20050263224A1 (en) * 2002-08-05 2005-12-01 Jianzhou Wu Gas generating composition for inflator containing melamine cyanurate
US6964716B2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2005-11-15 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generating composition
US7618506B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2009-11-17 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generating composition
US6872265B2 (en) 2003-01-30 2005-03-29 Autoliv Asp, Inc. Phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate
US20050127324A1 (en) * 2003-10-22 2005-06-16 Jianzhou Wu Gas generating composition
WO2005097711A2 (fr) * 2004-03-29 2005-10-20 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. Generateur de gaz et procede de fabrication
JP4610266B2 (ja) 2004-09-09 2011-01-12 ダイセル化学工業株式会社 ガス発生剤組成物
US8137771B2 (en) * 2004-09-09 2012-03-20 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generating composition
US20060191614A1 (en) * 2005-02-10 2006-08-31 Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd. Gas generating composition

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2604391A (en) * 1946-11-08 1952-07-22 Ici Ltd Gas-producing nondetonating composition
GB658643A (en) * 1949-01-12 1951-10-10 Alexander Cantlay Hutchison Improvements in or relating to solid gas generating charges
US3664898A (en) * 1969-08-04 1972-05-23 Us Navy Pyrotechnic composition
US3936330A (en) * 1973-08-08 1976-02-03 The Dow Chemical Company Composition and method for inflation of passive restraint systems
US4336085A (en) * 1975-09-04 1982-06-22 Walker Franklin E Explosive composition with group VIII metal nitroso halide getter
US4632714A (en) * 1985-09-19 1986-12-30 Megabar Corporation Microcellular composite energetic materials and method for making same
US4931112A (en) * 1989-11-20 1990-06-05 Morton International, Inc. Gas generating compositions containing nitrotriazalone
US4994123A (en) * 1990-05-29 1991-02-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Polymeric intermolecular emulsion explosive
US5145535A (en) * 1991-02-25 1992-09-08 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Method for intermolecular explosive with viscosity modifier
DE4108225C1 (fr) * 1991-03-14 1992-04-09 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung Ev, 8000 Muenchen, De
DE4218531C1 (fr) * 1991-10-11 1993-07-15 Bayern-Chemie Gesellschaft Fuer Flugchemische Antriebe Mbh, 8261 Aschau, De

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0666248A1 (fr) 1995-08-09
US5542999A (en) 1996-08-06
DE4401214C1 (de) 1995-03-02
DE59400902D1 (de) 1996-11-28

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