Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/02—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements ultrasonic or sonic; Corona discharge
  • D06M10/025—Corona discharge or low temperature plasma
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
  • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
  • D06M11/34—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxygen, ozone or ozonides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
  • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
  • D06M11/59—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with ammonia; with complexes of organic amines with inorganic substances
  • D06M11/60—Ammonia as a gas or in solution
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
  • D06M14/18—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation
  • D06M14/26—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials using wave energy or particle radiation on to materials of synthetic origin
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
  • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
  • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M2101/34—Polyamides
  • D06M2101/36—Aromatic polyamides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
  • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
  • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/911—Penetration resistant layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2615—Coating or impregnation is resistant to penetration by solid implements
  • Y10T442/2623—Ballistic resistant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/3049—Including strand precoated with other than free metal or alloy
  • Y10T442/3057—Multiple coatings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
  • Y10T442/419—Including strand precoated with other than free metal or alloy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
  • Y10T442/603—Including strand or fiber material precoated with other than free metal or alloy
  • Y10T442/607—Strand or fiber material is synthetic polymer

Definitions

• the invention relates to a continuous or discontinuous process for the plasma treatment of antiballistically active materials.
• Plasma treatments have been described several times for different polymers, with a number of very different plasmas being proposed. Plasmas of noble gases are often mentioned, but oxygen and nitrogen plasmas are also used.
• the goal of plasma treatment is usually to change the surfaces of the polymers with the task of achieving better adhesion of coating or finishing agents. Another treatment goal frequently described is an improvement in dye affinity.
• the polymers to be treated also include those which can be used for antiballistically active materials, such as aromatic polyamide fibers or polyethylene fibers spun by the gel spinning process. Also with the plasma treatment of these fibers always stand Property changes as mentioned above are the focus of interest.
• Combined treatments are also sometimes proposed for this, which consist of a pretreatment in a plasma and a subsequent wet treatment by immersion impregnation with different finishing agents.
• JP-A 63-223 043 describes a treatment of aromatic polyamide fibers in an argon, oxygen or nitrogen plasma. This is followed by treatment with a gaseous or liquid mixture of compounds and dienes containing glycidyl groups. This is intended to improve the dyeing behavior of the fiber and the adhesion of finishing agents to the fiber surface.
• a plasma treatment for a number of very different fiber materials is described in EP-A 492 649.
• treatment takes place in a plasma of polymerizable gases, among which alkenes and fluorinated alkenes are also mentioned. These gases can possibly be "diluted” with noble gases.
• the aim of the treatment is to improve the dyeing properties and to have a positive influence on the processing properties of sewing threads.
• the improvement of the antiballistic effect is a permanent task for the manufacturers of protective clothing against bullets and against splinters as well as for the suppliers of the materials to be used for this. It should be noted that an improvement in the antiballistic effect must not only be sought in the dry state, but that this effect, particularly in accordance with the requirements for protective clothing for the military sector, must also be continuously improved in the wet state.
• the task was to develop a cost-effective method that once improves the antiballistic effectiveness in the dry and especially in the wet state and which offers the possibility of being able to do without the previous wet treatment.
• a plasma treatment of the antiballistically active materials is carried out in a two-stage process.
• treatment is carried out in a plasma consisting of at least 50% of an inorganic gas or a mixture of inorganic gases.
• treatment takes place in a plasma of hydrophobic organic gases or mixtures of such gases from the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, saturated fluorocarbons, unsaturated fluorocarbons, siloxanes or vinyl compounds.
• the treatment in the second stage can also be carried out with a mixture of organic gases having a hydrophobic effect and inorganic gases.
• Oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and noble gases such as argon, helium, xenon and. come as inorganic gases for the plasma treatment according to the inventive method Krypton in question.
• Argon and helium are preferred among the noble gases.
• Treatment in an argon plasma is particularly preferred.
• Mixtures of the inorganic gases can also be used.
• Mixtures of inorganic gases with organic gases can also be used, but the proportion of inorganic gases in each case must be at least 50%.
• the organic gases the hydrophobicizing gases also provided for the second treatment stage are preferred.
• the gas flow amounts of the inorganic gas or the gas mixtures introduced into the plasma chamber are, depending on the desired effect, between 1 ml / min and 500 ml / min, preferably between 5 ml / min and 200 ml / min, particularly preferably between 10 ml / min and 50 ml / min.
• This information relates to a volume of the plasma chamber of 20 1. With other chamber sizes, the gas flow quantities can be converted accordingly. If the chamber geometry is very different, the gas flow quantities may have to be re-determined experimentally.
• the plasma treatment with an inorganic gas or a gas mixture with at least 50% of an inorganic gas in the first treatment stage activates the surface of the polymer and thus prepares it for the subsequent treatment with a hydrophobic organic gas.
• Saturated hydrocarbon compounds, unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, saturated fluorocarbon compounds, unsaturated fluorocarbon compounds, are found as organic gases having a hydrophobic effect for the plasma treatment by the process according to the invention in the second treatment stage, Siloxanes or vinyl compounds or mixtures of the compounds mentioned application.
• Ethene, propene, butene, hexene or heptene can be used as gases from the alkene series.
• suitable alkynes are acetylene and diacetylene.
• Butadiene can preferably be used among the dienes.
• Other suitable compounds are pentadiene and hexadiene.
• gases from the Triene class is hexatriene.
• Suitable saturated fluorocarbon compounds are, for example, tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoroethane.
• unsaturated fluorocarbons for example, tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluorobutadiene are well suited.
• siloxanes examples include tetramethyldisiloxane and hexamethyldisiloxane.
• vinyl compounds examples include styrene, divinylbenzene and hydrophobic acrylic compounds will.
• the latter can be methyl, ethyl or butyl acrylate.
• hydrophobicizing compounds which are gaseous at room temperature are particularly preferred.
• compounds with a hydrophobic effect which are not gaseous at room temperature if they have a sufficiently high vapor pressure.
• hydrophobic liquids if they have the necessary conditions with regard to the vapor pressure, can be connected to the vacuum of the plasma reactor, as a result of which the liquid evaporates and is then present in the plasma reactor as a gas having a hydrophobic effect.
• hydrophobic compounds which are liquid at room temperature into the plasma reactor is to pass a gas, for example an inorganic gas, through the liquid, the gas being saturated with molecules of the liquid.
• a gas for example an inorganic gas
• the treatment can also be carried out with a mixture of organic gases and inorganic gases having a hydrophobic effect, the proportion of organic gases preferably being more than 50%.
• the gases mentioned above are also used here.
• Such mixtures can be used in a suitable manner if the organic compound with a hydrophobic effect is present as a liquid at room temperature.
• the amounts of gas introduced into the plasma chamber in the second treatment stage are in the same ranges as in the first treatment stage.
• the quantities mentioned there can also be used here.
• the treatment to be carried out in two stages can take place, for example, in two plasma chambers connected in series, which can be accommodated in a reactor. It is also possible to work in one reactor in two reactors connected in series. Finally, it is also possible to work in the same chamber by direct succession of processes, i.e. without venting the chamber to perform the two-stage plasma treatment.
• the antiballistically effective materials can be treated in different forms.
• web-like presentations in the form of flat structures such as foils, fabrics, knitwear or nonwovens are best suited.
• thread coulters can be used, for example, for plasma treatment of the freshly spun fiber, which means that the method according to the invention can also be combined with a fiber production method.
• combinations of the method according to the invention with other treatment steps can also be carried out with other forms of presentation of the material to be treated, such as foils, fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens.
• the freshly spun aromatic polyamide fiber after passing through the washing passages and drying, can be subjected to a plasma treatment continuously using the method according to the invention.
• the previously mentioned sheet-like or thread-like materials are suitable for the continuous treatment, which is preferred when carrying out the method according to the invention.
• the method according to the invention can also be carried out discontinuously, the two treatment stages being carried out in the same treatment chamber or in two different treatment chambers. Any form of presentation can be used for the discontinuous treatment. It is particularly suitable for the treatment of blanks for the antiballistic protective layers of bulletproof or splinterproof vests.
• the antiballistically effective materials include, above all, aromatic polyamide fibers, which are also known as aramid fibers. Such fibers are commercially available, for example, under brand names such as Twaron.
• aromatic polyamides can also be non-fibrous, for example as films.
• Aromatic polyamides include polymers which are obtained by polycondensation of aromatic diamines with aromatic dicarboxylic acids arise. Aromatic polyamides are also to be understood as meaning the polymers which, in addition to aromatic compounds, also contain portions of aliphatic compounds.
• the antiballistically active materials also include polyolefin fibers, especially polyethylene fibers spun using the gel spinning process.
• Aromatic polyamides are particularly suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention.
• Aromatic polyamides are preferably used in the form of fibers in very different areas of clothing and technology. They are used, among other things, for the manufacture of ball and splinter-resistant clothing, in which the actual protective layer forms a so-called antiballistic package consisting of several superimposed layers of, for example, fabrics made from aromatic polyamide fibers. In addition to fabrics, other flat structures such as nonwovens, knitwear or foils can also be used here.
• the process according to the invention offers the possibility of circumventing this wet process and of carrying out the inexpensive and environmentally friendly finishing of the aromatic polyamide fibers.
• Fabrics made from aromatic polyamide fibers treated by the process according to the invention result in a significant improvement in the antiballistic effect compared to untreated materials. This improvement is not only found in wet bombardment, since it has surprisingly been found that fabrics made from aromatic polyamide fibers treated in the dry state by the process according to the invention also give improved antiballistic activity. The values listed below clearly show this.
• a splinter bombardment can be carried out, for example.
• This test method is particularly useful when it comes to protective clothing that should preferably be used in the military sector, since the antiballistic effectiveness in wet condition is of much greater importance than, for example, protective clothing for police use.
• the antiballistic package produced in this way is subjected to a splinter bombardment in accordance with the conditions of STANAG 2920.
• the bombardment is carried out with 1.1 g fragments.
• the protective effect is expressed by the V50 value and given in speeds of m / sec.
• the V50 value means that the determined Speed there is a penetration probability of 50%.
• test material in the form of the prepared antiballistic package is placed in water for one hour. The bombardment occurs after three minutes of dripping.
• V50 values listed below The clear progress in the antiballistic effectiveness when using the method according to the invention is evident from the V50 values listed below.
• a comparison was made between an untreated fabric, a fabric hydrophobized in a conventional manner in a wet process with a fluorocarbon resin, and a fabric treated by the process according to the invention.
• a first treatment stage in an argon plasma was used for the plasma treatment.
• a mixture of 80% butadiene and 20% argon was used in a plasma.
• the items to be treated were fabrics made from aromatic polyamide fibers.
• the yarn titer of the filament yarns used for the fabric production was 1,100 dtex, the fabrics made in plain weave had a basis weight of 187 g / m 2 in the raw material.
• the material treated by the process according to the invention exhibits approximately the same antiballistic activity as that which has been rendered hydrophobic by the conventional process.
• the conditions for the plasma treatment when carrying out the method according to the invention depend very much on the material to be treated, on the desired effect and on any additional pretreatment or aftertreatment and must be coordinated with this.
• Other factors that influence the definition of the treatment conditions are the type of plasma, i.e. a direct current plasma, low- or high-frequency alternating current plasma, the type of coupling of the plasma into the reaction zone (capacitive or inductive), the reactor size and reactor geometry Geometry of the electrodes, the area of material to be treated per unit of time and the position of the material in the reactor.
• a temperature range of 10-90 ° C. has proven to be suitable for the plasma treatment according to the method according to the invention.
• a temperature range between 20 and 50 ° C. is preferred.
• the treatment according to the method according to the invention should not be restricted to the low-temperature plasma mentioned here.
• Treatment in the high-temperature plasma, also called corona plasma can also be carried out by the method according to the invention. This works in a pressure range between 100 Pa and 100,000 Pa, whereby higher temperatures are reached.
• 5 to 1,000 W are selected as power.
• a range between 20 and 600 W is preferred.
• the treatment can take place both in direct current and in alternating current plasma. AC plasmas are preferred. In the latter case, high-frequency and low-frequency plasmas are equally suitable. Ranges between 0.1 and 100 Pa have proven to be favorable as pressures; a range between 1 and 10 Pa is preferred. These pressures apply to treatment in low-temperature plasma. Suitable pressures for corona plasma are values between 100 and 100,000 Pa.
• the inflow of the gas forming the plasma there are no restrictions with regard to the inflow of the gas forming the plasma.
• the gas can be routed parallel or perpendicular or at an angle to the web.
• the direction of flow can be both rectified and opposite to that of the material to be treated.
• the residence time in the plasma chamber which is essentially determined by the speed of the goods in the continuous process, depends very much on the material to be treated and the desired effect, according to the type of plasma (direct current, low-frequency or high-frequency alternating current plasma), according to the type of coupling (inductive or capacitive), according to the reactor size and geometry, according to the geometry of the electrodes, according to the pro Unit of time to be treated and according to the position of the material to be treated in the reactor.
• the residence time is also influenced by the ion density in the treatment chamber. If the ion density is high, the residence time can be reduced with the same effect.
• a shorter residence time is required for the activating treatment in the first treatment stage in the plasma of an inorganic gas than for the treatment in the second stage in a plasma of a hydrophobizing organic gas or in a mixture of hydrophobizing organic gas and inorganic gas.
• the method according to the invention offers a particularly advantageous possibility for the plasma treatment of antiballistically active materials, the most important advantage being the achievement of improved antiballistic properties.
• This advantage is particularly evident in dry bombardment compared to conventional finishing with fluorocarbon resins in a wet process.
• the method according to the invention results in a considerable simplification of the process, an improved economy and, above all, a significantly lower environmental impact compared to the previously used wet method.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
• Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

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• 1994
  • 1994-07-26 IL IL11045494A patent/IL110454A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-08-03 JP JP50621394A patent/JPH08502560A/ja active Pending
  • 1994-08-03 CA CA 2146457 patent/CA2146457A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1994-08-03 EP EP19940924840 patent/EP0663968B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-03 DE DE59400947T patent/DE59400947D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-03 WO PCT/EP1994/002572 patent/WO1995004854A2/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1994-08-03 US US08/387,923 patent/US5622773A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-04 TR TR76694A patent/TR27976A/xx unknown
  • 1994-08-24 TW TW83107790A patent/TW275074B/zh active

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