EP0658264A1 - Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur - Google Patents

Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur

Info

Publication number
EP0658264A1
EP0658264A1 EP94918267A EP94918267A EP0658264A1 EP 0658264 A1 EP0658264 A1 EP 0658264A1 EP 94918267 A EP94918267 A EP 94918267A EP 94918267 A EP94918267 A EP 94918267A EP 0658264 A1 EP0658264 A1 EP 0658264A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
detector
light
scattering centers
transparent body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94918267A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0658264B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter SCHÄPPI
Arthur Hidber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4224460&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0658264(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0658264A1 publication Critical patent/EP0658264A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0658264B1 publication Critical patent/EP0658264B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • G08B29/145—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits of fire detection circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of scattered-light smoke detectors, in particular in comparing them and in checking their functionality.
  • the scattered-light smoke detectors which belong to the optical smoke detectors and are among the most frequently used smoke detectors, take advantage of the optical properties of fire aerosols and allow early detection of fires at a time when the use of countermeasures is still successful in most cases.
  • An essential prerequisite for a safe alarm is that all smoke detectors adhere to the same smoke sensitivity, the size of the smoke sensitivity being generally determined by technical standards and regulations. The setting of the sensitivity to smoke is therefore extremely important for scattered-light smoke detectors, but it represents a difficult technical problem in the production of these detectors.
  • Scattered-light smoke detectors are known to contain a light transmitter, which as a rule sends pulsed light into a volume of the detector, into which fire aerosols can penetrate, and a light-sensitive sensor, which receives no direct light from the transmitter.
  • a light transmitter which as a rule sends pulsed light into a volume of the detector, into which fire aerosols can penetrate
  • a light-sensitive sensor which receives no direct light from the transmitter.
  • the light emitted by the transmitter is scattered at the fire aerosols.
  • Scattered light arrives at the sensor, which is designed such that it can only receive scattered light from a limited area of the named volume, which is referred to as the measurement volume.
  • the electrical signal of the sensor generated by the scattered light is analyzed in an electronic evaluation stage, an alarm signal being generated by the sensor signal when a certain limit value is exceeded.
  • the adjustment of the sensitivity that is to say the adjustment of the scattered light smoke detectors, takes place during the manufacturing process, whereby essentially three methods, adjustment with test aerosol, adjustment on the basis of the basic reflection and functional test by introducing a body into the measurement volume are known.
  • the scattered-light smoke detector is placed in a chamber or a channel which can be filled with a test aerosol of known quality and concentration, the smoke density being first adjusted to the alarm concentration and the sensitivity of the detector subsequently being adjusted accordingly .
  • this method is so time-consuming that a large number of smoke compensation apparatuses working in parallel is required at today's production rates, which places high demands on the control and consistency of these devices represents and requires high costs.
  • the above-mentioned basic reflection at the boundary surfaces of the measurement volume is selected as the reference value for the adjustment and a certain increase in the signal generated by the basic reflection is used as the alarm threshold.
  • this method does not require a test aerosol and is significantly faster than the first, it places extreme demands on the physical properties of the boundary surfaces and, above all, it is not a physically equivalent substitute for comparison with smoke of a certain concentration. Because the scattering of the light on smoke particles is a volume effect in which the scattered light received by the sensor is integrally composed of a large number of elementary scattering processes in the measurement volume, whereas the basic reflection forms a pure surface effect. Therefore, detectors calibrated according to this method do not necessarily have the same sensitivity to smoke, and strictly speaking they are not even checked to determine whether they are capable of detecting light-scattering particles present in the measurement volume.
  • the invention relates to a means for smoke simulation for scattered light smoke detectors, which have a light source, a measurement volume illuminated by the latter and a sensor for measuring the scattered light generated in the measurement volume.
  • This agent is said to be physically equivalent to an aerosol and to enable an exact, reproducible and rapid comparison of the sensitivity to smoking.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a transparent body which can be inserted into the measurement volume and in which scattering centers for the incident light are enclosed. Since the scattering centers are enclosed in the transparent body and are not attached to its surface, the scattering of incident light Light at these scattering centers represents a volume effect and is therefore equivalent to the scattering on the particles of an aerosol.
  • the invention further relates to a method for comparing the sensitivity to smoke of a light source, a sensor, a measuring volume penetrated by the light and a Scattering light smoke detectors with evaluation electronics using the smoke simulation means mentioned.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the transparent body is introduced in a defined position into the measuring volume of the detector to be calibrated and illuminated by the light source, and in that the evaluation electronics are matched to the emission of a predetermined signal corresponding to a certain smoke density.
  • the scattered light smoke detector is connected to a power supply and a suitable adjustment device.
  • its evaluation electronics are set so that a defined state, preferably the alarm state, of the detector is reached.
  • a defined state preferably the alarm state
  • the adjustment method according to the invention can also be used with detectors in which the signal evaluation and the eventual generation of an alarm signal take place in a control center.
  • the invention further relates to the use of said smoke density simulation means for testing the smoke sensitivity of scattered-light smoke detectors.
  • a transparent body is introduced into the detector to be tested, which contains scattering centers with such a spatial distribution that after insertion into the detector, its measurement volume is at least partially filled with scattering centers of such a concentration that a smoke concentration above the alarm concentration of the detector is simulated.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the smoke density simulation means mentioned for checking scattered-light smoke detectors for contamination. This is characterized in that a transparent body is introduced into the detectors to be tested, which contains scattering centers with such a spatial distribution that after insertion into the detector the measuring volume corresponding to an unpolluted detector is free from scattering centers.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an insert containing an inventive means for smoke simulation for the adjustment of a scattered light smoke detector
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an apparatus for the adjustment of a scattered light smoke detector with the use of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through an insert containing a means for smoke simulation for checking the contamination of scattered-light smoke detectors.
  • scattered-light smoke detectors contain an opto-electronic system embedded in a measuring chamber, which keeps out disturbing extraneous light, but optimally detects penetrating light and dark smoke particles.
  • the optical system essentially consists of a transmitter, for example an infrared light-emitting diode which emits short, intense light pulses, a receiver, an aperture arrangement and a so-called labyrinth for shielding the receiver from direct light and from reflections.
  • the transmitter and receiver are arranged such that their optical axes intersect at a certain angle of, for example, 70 ° to 120 °, so that the receiver looks at the beam of rays emitted by the transmitter from the side.
  • 1 shows a cross section through a test insert P, which enables the sensitivity to be set, or in other words, the adjustment of scattered-light smoke detectors without the otherwise necessary introduction of test aerosol into the measurement volume.
  • the transmitter (light source) 1 and the receiver (sensor) 2 of the optical system of the detector, the corresponding beam paths and also the measurement volume 3 are also shown in the figure, but these are of course part of the detector and not of the test insert P.
  • the test insert P has approximately the shape of an open, flat box or a lid with a bottom 4.
  • a transparent body 5 with scattering centers 6 enclosed therein and, if appropriate, an optical labyrinth 7 are fastened on this.
  • Fastening means (not shown) are also provided, with which the test insert P in the detector, preferably in its measuring chamber, can be adjusted.
  • These fastening elements can, for example, be designed such that they snap into the components associated with the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2, for example on the housings surrounding them, and thereby both position and fix the test insert P relative to the transmitter and receiver.
  • the transparent body 5 is dimensioned and positioned such that it at least partially fills the measuring volume 3. It consists, for example, of a silicone rubber such as Dow Corning dielectric silicone gel 3-6527 A&B, in which aluminum oxide particles with an average grain size diameter of 30 to 50 ⁇ m are firmly enclosed, evenly distributed, as scattering centers 6.
  • a silicone rubber such as Dow Corning dielectric silicone gel 3-6527 A&B, in which aluminum oxide particles with an average grain size diameter of 30 to 50 ⁇ m are firmly enclosed, evenly distributed, as scattering centers 6.
  • the aluminum oxide particles to be distributed in the silicone rubber are mixed with the silicone rubber by constant stirring until a homogeneous distribution of the particles is achieved. Then the mixture is poured into a mold and cured. After curing, the particles are firmly enclosed in the silicone rubber and no longer change their position.
  • the scattered light generated when irradiated with light is only dependent on the light intensity and on the focusing of transmitter 1 and receiver 2.
  • the correlation between the scattered light intensity generated by the enclosed particles and one generated by smoke is determined experimentally and is then a material constant of the test insert P.
  • the scattering centers 6 can also be found through firmly enclosed cavities, for example Air bubbles can be formed, which behave similarly to solid particles with regard to light scattering.
  • the scattering centers 6 can therefore be formed by any type of light-scattering inclusions.
  • the concentration of the scattering centers 6 is selected such that the scattered light generated in the detector equipped with the test insert P generates a defined signal.
  • the concentration is preferably selected such that the scattered light fulfills the alarm criterion of the detector.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for comparing a scattered-light smoke detector SM with a test insert P according to FIG. 1.
  • the detector SM consists of a housing 9 provided with smoke entry openings 8 and of a detector insert 10 arranged in this housing, which on one side, lower in the figure, is equipped with evaluation electronics 11 and on its other side carries the measuring chamber 12 with transmitter 1, receiver 2 and labyrinth 7.
  • the labyrinth 7 is provided in a cover-like closure part which, based on FIG. 2, can be pushed into the measuring chamber 12 from above.
  • the test insert P has the same shape and the same labyrinth, but additionally carries the transparent body 5. This solution is special because only the lid-like closure part is to be replaced by the test insert P for the adjustment of the detector SM needs.
  • the balancing apparatus identified by the reference numeral 13 contains a fastening or support plate 14 for the detector (s) to be tested with the necessary electrical connections, a power supply 15 and a balancing electronics 16.
  • the power supply 15 is to be balanced with the respective one Detector SM via two lines 17 and 18 and the adjustment electronics 16 is connected to the detector two lines 19 and 20 connected. Via line 19, the adjustment electronics 16 receive the detector signal generated by inserting the test insert P and via line 20 the evaluation electronics 11 of the detector are set to the desired value for smoke sensitivity.
  • the adjustment is carried out in such a way that the detector parameters required for the adjustment are first measured and registered. Then the test insert P is inserted into the detector, whereby a certain light scatter is generated when the transmitter 1 is switched on, which corresponds to a certain detector signal. This signal reaches the adjustment electronics 16 and is compared there with a predetermined signal, which preferably corresponds to the alarm smoke density. If the detector signal deviates from the target value, then the electronic evaluation unit 11 is adjusted via the line 20 until the detector signal corresponds to the target value. This ensures that the detector emits an alarm signal at a defined, always the same smoke density, which ends the adjustment.
  • the test insert P can also be used to check the sensitivity to smoke of installed scattered-light smoke detectors that are in operation.
  • a test insert P with a transparent body 5 is used in the detector to be tested, which contains scattering centers 6 in such a spatial distribution that after insertion into the detector, its measuring volume 3 (FIG. 1) at least is partially filled with scattering centers 6.
  • the concentration of the scattering centers is selected such that they simulate a smoke density above the alarm limit, so that an alarm would have to be triggered after the test insert P has been inserted into the detector. If no alarm is triggered, the detector in question is not functional and must be subjected to a more detailed check.
  • test application P Another possible application for test application P is to check the degree of pollution of scattered smoke smoke that has been in use for a long time. to avoid. Such checks are necessary because contamination often leads to an increase in the measurement volume, which generates undesired scattered light. And this stray light can trigger an alarm.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through a test insert P 'suitable for checking the contamination of scattered-light smoke detectors, the measuring volume 3 of the uncontaminated smoke detector being delimited by broken lines and the larger measuring volume of the contaminated smoke detector being delimited by solid lines.
  • the transparent body 5 * used for this check differs from the transparent body 5 (FIG. 1) used for the adjustment of the sensitivity to smoking by the distribution of the scattering centers. While the scattering centers 6 are distributed homogeneously in the transparent body 5 of the test insert P from FIG.
  • the distribution of the scattering centers 6 'of the transparent body 5' of the test insert P ' is inhomogeneous, specifically in such a way that in the Detector P 'used in the measuring volume 3 which is characteristic of an unclean detector, but there are scattering centers 6' in the additional area of the measuring volume which is present in the case of a dirty detector.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Un simulateur de fumée contient un corps transparent (5) qui renferme des centres de diffusion (6) de la lumière incidente. Afin de régler des détecteurs qui comprennent une source de lumière (1), un capteur (2), un volume de mesure (3) traversé par la lumière et des éléments électroniques d'évaluation, le corps transparent (5) est placé dans une position définie dans le volume de mesure (3) et est éclairé par la source de lumière (1). Les éléments électroniques d'évaluation sont ensuite syntonisés sur l'émission d'un signal prédéterminé qui de préférence correspond à la densité de fumée à laquelle le détecteur de fumée donne l'alarme.
EP94918267A 1993-07-07 1994-06-28 Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur Expired - Lifetime EP0658264B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH203793 1993-07-07
CH2037/93 1993-07-07
PCT/CH1994/000135 WO1995002230A1 (fr) 1993-07-07 1994-06-28 Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0658264A1 true EP0658264A1 (fr) 1995-06-21
EP0658264B1 EP0658264B1 (fr) 1998-04-15

Family

ID=4224460

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94918267A Expired - Lifetime EP0658264B1 (fr) 1993-07-07 1994-06-28 Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5497144A (fr)
EP (1) EP0658264B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08501637A (fr)
CN (1) CN1037035C (fr)
DE (1) DE59405710D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2119205T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995002230A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

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EP2306419A1 (fr) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibrage d'une trajectoire de signal électro-optique d'un dispositif de capteur par surveillance du seuil de signal en ligne
DE102015004458A1 (de) 2014-06-26 2015-12-31 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor
DE102014019773A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons
DE102014019172A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem

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US5497144A (en) * 1993-07-07 1996-03-05 Cerberus Ag Testing and adjustment of scattered-light smoke detectors
JP3251407B2 (ja) * 1993-12-22 2002-01-28 能美防災株式会社 光電式火災感知器および調整装置
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DE50205854D1 (de) * 2002-06-20 2006-04-27 Siemens Schweiz Ag Zuerich Streulichtrauchmelder
EP1376505B1 (fr) * 2002-06-20 2006-02-15 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteur d'incendie
DE10227614B4 (de) * 2002-06-20 2006-04-20 Novar Gmbh Rauchsimulationskörper zum Abgleichen von Streulichtrauchmeldern
WO2005045775A1 (fr) * 2003-11-07 2005-05-19 Axonx, L.L.C. Procede et dispositif de detection de fumee
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DE10353837B4 (de) * 2003-11-18 2017-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Prüfeinrichtung für Brandmelder
DE10353836A1 (de) * 2003-11-18 2005-06-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brandmelder
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US7151460B2 (en) * 2005-01-10 2006-12-19 Nokia Corporation Electronic device having a proximity detector
ES2368358T3 (es) * 2008-02-19 2011-11-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Detector de humo con evaluación en el tiempo de una señal de retrodispersión, método de prueba para la capacidad de funcionamiento de un detector de humo.
EP2255345B9 (fr) * 2008-03-26 2012-02-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur de danger à zone de réception variable pour un élément d'alimentation
DE102010002423A1 (de) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kalibrieren eines Streulichtmessgerätes
CN102455288B (zh) * 2010-10-15 2014-10-15 西门子公司 通过在线信号电平监控对传感器装置的光电信号路径进行校准
US8717184B2 (en) * 2010-10-15 2014-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibration of an electro-optical signal path of a sensor device by online signal level monitoring
DE102012200739A1 (de) * 2012-01-19 2013-07-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren eines Streulichtmessgerätes
AT513186B1 (de) 2013-09-06 2015-01-15 Ditest Fahrzeugdiagnose Gmbh Kalibrierelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Kalibrierelements
AT513185B1 (de) 2013-11-13 2015-12-15 Ditest Fahrzeugdiagnose Gmbh Kalibrierelement
GB2537940B (en) 2015-05-01 2018-02-14 Thorn Security Fire detector drift compensation
JP6321063B2 (ja) * 2016-02-29 2018-05-09 能美防災株式会社 火災監視システム及び煙感知器
EP3392855B1 (fr) 2017-04-19 2021-10-13 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé et dispositif destinés à aligner un détecteur de fumée
CN111263958B (zh) * 2017-10-30 2022-05-27 开利公司 检测器装置中的补偿器
EP3489921B1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2020-01-01 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé et dispositif destinés à aligner un détecteur de fumée
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2306419A1 (fr) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibrage d'une trajectoire de signal électro-optique d'un dispositif de capteur par surveillance du seuil de signal en ligne
DE102015004458A1 (de) 2014-06-26 2015-12-31 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren für einen klassifizierenden, rauchkammerlosen Luftzustandssensor
DE102014019773A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mittels des Displays eines Mobiltelefons
DE102014019172A1 (de) 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Unterscheidung von festen Objekten, Kochdunst und Rauch mit einem kompensierenden optischen Messsystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1037035C (zh) 1998-01-14
ES2119205T3 (es) 1998-10-01
JPH08501637A (ja) 1996-02-20
WO1995002230A1 (fr) 1995-01-19
EP0658264B1 (fr) 1998-04-15
US5497144A (en) 1996-03-05
DE59405710D1 (de) 1998-05-20
CN1111922A (zh) 1995-11-15

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