EP0530723A1 - Détecteur optique de fumée avec surveillance active - Google Patents

Détecteur optique de fumée avec surveillance active Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0530723A1
EP0530723A1 EP92114826A EP92114826A EP0530723A1 EP 0530723 A1 EP0530723 A1 EP 0530723A1 EP 92114826 A EP92114826 A EP 92114826A EP 92114826 A EP92114826 A EP 92114826A EP 0530723 A1 EP0530723 A1 EP 0530723A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
measuring chamber
smoke
signal
output signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP92114826A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marc Thuillard
Andreas Scheidweiler
Kurt Hess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
Original Assignee
Cerberus AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Publication of EP0530723A1 publication Critical patent/EP0530723A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical smoke detector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Smoke detectors of this type are generally known. They are used in particular as automatic fire detectors for the early detection of fires.
  • Smoke detectors occupy a special position among the multitude of types of automatic fire detectors on the market, since they are best suited to detecting fires at such an early point in time that countermeasures can still be successfully initiated.
  • the ionization smoke detectors take advantage of the accumulation of smoke particles in air ions;
  • the second type of smoke detector uses the optical properties of aerosols to detect smoke.
  • the last-mentioned scattered-light smoke detectors are the most widespread, since the measuring section can be so short that they can be designed as so-called "point detectors”.
  • the present invention relates to scattered light smoke detectors. With these detectors, care must be taken to ensure that the radiation receiver is not influenced by radiation that was not generated by scattering smoke particles.
  • the detectors are provided with a light-tight housing which surrounds the radiation beam in the measuring chamber.
  • the housing has smoke inlets that allow outside air to enter and at the same time prevent light from entering at the same time.
  • the smoke entry openings cannot be made arbitrarily small, however, it cannot be prevented that dust, fibers or insects can also penetrate into the interior of the detector and cause the detector to malfunction.
  • the illuminated foreign bodies act like light sources; if, in the worst case, its radiation falls directly on the radiation receiver, it can generate an electrical signal there and simulate the appearance of smoke. Therefore, to avoid frequent false alarms, scattered light smoke detectors must be cleaned at regular intervals, which is associated with considerable costs.
  • a scattered light smoke detector was proposed in DE-C3-27'54'139 (see the attached FIG. 1), in which a radiation source 2 is provided in a cylindrical housing 1, which radiation beam 3 extends across the beam Measuring chamber sends.
  • a first radiation receiver 7 is attached outside the radiation beam 3 in such a way that its field of view 13 crosses the radiation beam 3 approximately in the middle and detects at least part of the radiation beam 3.
  • a second radiation receiver 8 is provided, which is attached in such a way that its field of vision 14 does not touch the radiation beam 3, but passes by the edge thereof and is directed at the same wall area 15 that is detected by the field of view 13 of the first radiation receiver 7 .
  • the influence of the interference radiation originating from the wall section 15 can be eliminated under certain conditions by means of an evaluation circuit which has a difference generator which forms a difference between the signals of the two radiation receivers 7, 8.
  • an evaluation circuit which has a difference generator which forms a difference between the signals of the two radiation receivers 7, 8.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a smoke detector based on the scattered radiation principle, which does not have the disadvantages of the known scattered-light smoke detectors mentioned and in particular to create a smoke detector of the type mentioned, which makes it possible for stray light from deposited foreign bodies clearly recognizable as such and to avoid false alarms due to dust deposits.
  • a radiation source and a plurality of radiation receivers are provided in the measuring chamber, the radiation receivers being arranged so far apart that the scattered light emanating from deposited foreign bodies travels for different distances or the fields of view of the radiation receivers are sufficiently separated from one another. In both cases, the electrical signals generated by the radiation receivers have clearly measurable differences.
  • a plurality of radiation sources and a radiation receiver are provided in the measuring chamber, the radiation sources being operated alternately and the electrical output signals of the radiation receiver are buffered until evaluation.
  • the radiation sources are either arranged so far apart that the light striking foreign objects has to travel different distances, or the intensity distributions of the radiation sources are sufficiently different from one another.
  • the scattered light emanating from the foreign bodies differs from scattered light emanating from smoke particles and the electrical signals generated in the radiation receiver differ significantly from those generated from scattered light emanating from smoke particles.
  • the electrical output signals of the radiation receivers increase evenly due to the homogeneous distribution of the smoke particles, while the presence of foreign bodies is noticeable by the fact that the signals of the two radiation receivers grow at different rates . In the simplest case, it is therefore sufficient to form the difference between the electrical output signals of the two radiation receivers in order to determine the origin of the radiation.
  • Figure 2 shows a scattered light smoke detector according to the invention in cross section in a highly simplified schematic representation.
  • a radiation source 2 and two radiation receivers 7, 8, which are far apart from one another, are arranged in a measuring chamber 1 which is sealed off from the outside atmosphere in such a way that no radiation can fall directly from the radiation source 2 onto the radiation receivers 7, 8; this can be achieved, for example, by an appropriately arranged diaphragm system 4.
  • the measuring chamber 1 is connected to the outside atmosphere by smoke inlet openings (not shown).
  • the scattering of the light emanating from a radiation source 2 on a foreign body F, which has been deposited on a wall, is the same as the scattering of the light on smoke particles R (only some of the smoke particles are indicated in FIG. 2) Strength of the light incident at the starting point of the scattered radiation proportional.
  • the light scattering on a foreign body F is quasi uniformly, ie homogeneously, distributed in the measuring chamber 1, whereas foreign bodies F are located at individual points on the walls of the measuring chamber 1, ie are distributed inhomogeneously in the measuring chamber 1.
  • the intensity of the scattered light emanating from a foreign body F is proportional to the light intensity of the radiation source 2, measured at the location of the foreign body F, while the intensity of the scattered light emanating from smoke particles R is proportional to the light intensity, measured in the entire measurement volume .
  • the smoke particles R acting as scattering centers are largely homogeneously distributed in the measuring chamber 1.
  • the scattered light generated by it and impinging on the receiver 7 is only dependent on the concentration of the smoke particles R and their optical properties.
  • This difference is used in the smoke detector according to the invention in such a way that either several radiation receivers 7, 8 (FIGS. 2 and 3) or several radiation sources 2, 22 (FIGS. 4 and 5) are arranged in the measuring chamber 1 of the smoke detector in such a way that by comparison the electrical signals can be distinguished between the scattering of smoke particles R and the radiation emanating from deposited foreign bodies F.
  • the two radiation sources 2, 22 must be operated alternately in a known manner, and the electrical output signals of the radiation receiver 7 are stored so that they are separated Evaluation stages (evaluation channels) can be supplied (see Figure 8). This is explained in more detail below in exemplary embodiment 2 for two radiation sources 2, 22 which are arranged far apart from one another.
  • FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • Two light sources 2, 22 of different intensity distribution are arranged close to one another; With this arrangement it is possible to distinguish whether the measured signal of the radiation receiver 7 is proportional to the total light intensity of the radiation sources 2, 22, i.e. whether the measured signal was caused by smoke R or whether the signal was caused by light that was generated by scattering on a foreign body F.
  • the two detector halves 71, 72 are arranged one above the other, the lower detector half 71 looks more upwards, the upper detector half 72 more downwards. Dust penetrating into the measuring chamber 1 settles mainly in the lower part of the measuring chamber. Dust F is thus primarily seen from the upper half of the detector. A symmetry measurement can be used to distinguish between dustiness of the detector and penetrating smoke.
  • a preferred embodiment of the above-described smoke detector with two-part sensor element 7 consists in that the sensor element 7 is divided into four sensor elements (detector quarters). A change in the radiation symmetry can thus be optimally recognized.
  • the detector parts are connected in parallel. As soon as a predetermined signal threshold (pre-alarm threshold) is exceeded, the individual detector parts are queried one after the other.
  • the signals from the individual detector elements grow to the same extent when smoke penetrates, whereas they are very different in the case of a dusty detector.
  • the presence of disruptive foreign bodies F can thus be clearly recognized by comparing the output signals of the radiation receivers or sensor elements. In the simplest case, it is sufficient to form the difference between the electrical signals for checking the origin of the signals.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically the cross section of a scattered light smoke detector according to the invention, in which false alarms triggered by dust are suppressed.
  • a radiation source 2 two radiation receivers 7, 8 and an aperture system 4, by means of which radiation is prevented from falling directly from the radiation source 2 onto one of the radiation receivers 7, 8.
  • a foreign body F is drawn on the chamber wall and is to be taken as an example of a starting point for interference radiation.
  • Figure 6 shows the example of an electronic circuit of an invention. optical smoke detector.
  • the radiation source 2 is controlled periodically by a generator 9 and sends light pulses into the measuring chamber 1.
  • the electrical output signals of the radiation receivers 7, 8 are amplified separately in associated amplifiers 10, 11 and fed separately to two operational amplifiers 16, 17.
  • both radiation receivers 7, 8 are exposed to radiation to approximately the same extent, and their output signals are therefore approximately the same size. Assuming that a foreign body F has settled on the wall of the measuring chamber 1, the different path lengths of the radiation between the foreign body F and the radiation receivers 7, 8 cause the two radiation receivers 7, 8 to receive different intensities of stray light, i.e. the electrical output signals of the amplifiers 10, 11 are different.
  • the first operational amplifier 16 is designed such that its output signal is proportional to the mean value of the output signals of the two amplifiers 10, 11.
  • the second operational amplifier 17 is designed such that its output signal is proportional to the absolute amount of the relative difference between the output signals of the two amplifiers 10, 11. This signal is a measure of the asymmetry of the scattering centers F with respect to the two radiation receivers 7, 8. In the event that smoke penetrates into the measuring chamber 1, the output signal of the second operational amplifier 17 is small, in the event that foreign bodies penetrate ( Fibers, insects) or large in the case of dust.
  • the outputs of the two operational amplifiers 16, 17 are connected to two threshold value detectors 18, 19, which each generate an output signal when the output signals of the associated operational amplifiers 16, or 17 exceed a predetermined limit value, ie the first threshold value detector 18 generates an output signal when the Mean value of the output signals of the two amplifiers 10, 11 (ie the output signal of the first operational amplifier 16) exceeds a predetermined value and the second threshold value detector 19 generates an output signal if the absolute amount of the relative difference of the output signals of the two amplifiers 10, 11 (ie that Output signal of the second operational amplifier 19) exceeds a predetermined limit value.
  • the outputs of the threshold value detectors 18, 19 are connected to a logic circuit 20, the output signal of which controls an alarm stage 21 to generate an alarm signal.
  • the alarm stage 21 is connected to a signal center 25 via a first line 23.
  • the logic circuit 20 is designed such that a signal is only forwarded to the alarm stage 21 if the threshold of the first threshold value detector 18 is exceeded and, at the same time, the threshold of the second threshold value detector 19 is not exceeded.
  • the following truth table results for the output of the logic circuit 20: Logical output of circuit 20 0 0 1 0 Logical outputs of the threshold detectors 18th 0 0 1 1 19th 0 1 0 1
  • FIG. 7 shows a further example of an electronic circuit of an optical smoke detector according to the invention, in which the dust is transmitted to the signal center 25 as a fault signal.
  • the second threshold value detector 19 is additionally connected to a fault transmission circuit 29 which generates a fault signal when the threshold set in the second threshold value detector 19 is exceeded.
  • This signal is transmitted to the signal center 25 by means of a second line 24.
  • the fault signal can be evaluated as an indication of detector contamination and the replacement or cleaning of the detector can be initiated. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the circuit is the same as that described for the circuit according to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 4 shows a scattered light smoke detector according to the invention in cross section in a highly simplified schematic representation.
  • the same advantages as described above for a smoke detector with a radiation source 2 and two radiation receivers 7, 8 are achieved in that the smoke detector is equipped with only one radiation receiver 7, but instead with several radiation sources (2, 22) .
  • the main difference to the circuit according to FIG. 6 is that the signals to be compared are generated one after the other in time. They must therefore be saved until processing. However, only one radiation receiver 7 is required for this.
  • the measuring chamber 1 there are a first radiation source 2, a second radiation source 22, a radiation receiver 7 and a diaphragm system 4, by means of which radiation is prevented from falling directly from one of the two radiation sources 2, 22 onto the radiation receiver 7.
  • a foreign body F is again drawn on the chamber wall and is to be assumed as an example of a starting point for interference radiation.
  • the electronic circuitry of the smoke detector according to FIG. 4 is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the two radiation sources 2, 22 are periodically controlled alternately by a generator 9 and send light pulses into the measuring chamber 1, which, however, through the aperture system 4, the radiation receiver 7 cannot reach directly.
  • the output signal of the receiver 7 is amplified in the amplifier 10 and fed to the switch 26 synchronized by the generator 9, which alternately connects the first time value memory 27 and the second time value memory 28 to the amplifier 10.
  • the output signals of the time value memories 27, 28 each correspond to the peak values of the output signals of the radiation receiver 7.
  • the two time value memories 27, 28 consist of capacitors, which are each charged or discharged via the switch 26.
  • the outputs of the two time value memories 27, 28 are connected to two operational amplifiers 16, 17, which form the mean values or the absolute amounts of the relative difference between the output signals of the two time value memories 27, 28.
  • the further signal processing is the same as that described in embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further example of a scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention, in which false alarms are suppressed by dust.
  • the radiation beam 3 emanating from the radiation sources 2, 22 and the field of view 13 of the radiation receiver 7 cross each other and the crossing area defines the measuring volume 6.
  • A is schematically shown on the chamber wall
  • Foreign body F is drawn in, which is to be taken as an example of a starting point for interference radiation.
  • the two radiation sources 2, 22 are arranged very close to one another, so that the distance to certain points on the wall and to the measuring volume 6 is practically the same.
  • the two radiation sources 2, 22 have radiation profiles (cf. FIG. 5a) which are identical in shape but spatially side by side lie and overlap. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the two radiation sources 2, 22 are arranged so that their optical axes are not identical.
  • the two radiation sources have their main axes on the same axis, but they have differently designed radiation profiles (cf. FIG. 5b).
  • the two radiation sources 2, 22 are controlled periodically by a generator 9 and send light pulses into the measuring chamber 1.
  • the radiation receiver 7 is arranged in such a way that the electrical signal is very small in normal operation without smoke or interference.
  • FIG. 9 The block diagram of the electronic circuit of a scattered light smoke detector according to FIG. 5 is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the electrical signal of the radiation receiver 7 is amplified in a first amplifier 10 and fed to the switch 26 which is synchronized by the generator 9 and which alternately controls the two time value memories 27, 28.
  • the output signals of the two time value memories 27, 28 each correspond to the peak values of the signals of the radiation receiver 7.
  • the output signals of the two time value memories 27, 28 are fed separately to two operational amplifiers 16, 17.
  • the first operational amplifier 16 is designed such that its output signal is proportional to the mean value of the output signal of the two time value memories 27, 28.
  • the second operational amplifier 17 is designed such that its output signal is proportional to the absolute amount of the relative difference between the output signals of the two time value memories 27, 28.
  • the absolute amount of the relative difference is formed in the rectifier 31. This signal is a measure of the asymmetry of the scattering centers F. In the event that smoke enters the measuring chamber 1, the output signal of the second operational amplifier 17 is small, but it is large in the case of dust.
  • the outputs of the two operational amplifiers 16 and the rectifier 31 are connected to two threshold value detectors 18, 19 which generate a signal when the mean value or the absolute amount of the relative difference between the output signals of the two time value memories 27 and 28 exceeds a predetermined limit value (cf. Embodiment 1).
  • the outputs of the threshold value detectors 18, 19 are connected to a logic circuit 20.
  • the logic circuit 20 is designed so that only then a signal is generated when the threshold of the first threshold detector 18 is exceeded and at the same time the threshold of the second threshold detector 19 is not exceeded.
  • the thresholds of the threshold value detectors 18 and 19 can be selected such that the scattered-light smoke detector described has the properties described in exemplary embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further example of an electronic circuit of a scattered-light smoke detector according to the invention, which has the properties 1) and 2) of the scattered-light smoke detector described in exemplary embodiment 1 and in which an alarm signal is additionally triggered when smoke penetrates, even if the detector is due to dust or condensation Has displayed "Fault".
  • the difference from the circuit according to FIG. 9 is that the threshold value of the comparator 32 is always reset.
  • the penultimate measured value at the output of the rectifier 31 is used as the threshold value for the comparator 32.
  • the last measured values are always stored in the third 33 and fourth time value memories 34.
  • the output of the logic circuit 20 is zero, so no alarm signal is forwarded. If smoke now enters the dusty detector, the relative difference between the output signals of the two amplifiers 10, 11 decreases, but the blocking of the alarm stage 20 can only be released when the threshold of the second threshold value detector 19 is again undershot. However, this is only possible if the value of the comparator is adapted to the dust. As a result, the detector is able to emit an alarm signal despite the dust.
  • the alarm signal is transmitted to a signal center 25 by means of a first line 23 for the purpose of displaying and triggering corresponding further signals.
  • FIG. 11 shows a further example of an electronic circuit of a scattered light smoke detector according to the invention, in which any dust that may occur can also be transmitted to the control center as a fault signal.
  • the second threshold value detector 19 is additionally connected to a second logic circuit 30 which generates a fault signal when the threshold set in the second threshold value detector 19 is exceeded. This signal can be obtained using a second Line 24 to the signal center 25 are transmitted. Otherwise, the mode of operation of the circuit is the same as that described in FIG. 9.
  • the fault signal can be evaluated as an indication of detector contamination and the replacement or cleaning can be initiated.
EP92114826A 1991-09-06 1992-08-31 Détecteur optique de fumée avec surveillance active Ceased EP0530723A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2626/91 1991-09-06
CH2626/91A CH683464A5 (de) 1991-09-06 1991-09-06 Optischer Rauchmelder mit aktiver Ueberwachung.

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EP0530723A1 true EP0530723A1 (fr) 1993-03-10

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EP92114826A Ceased EP0530723A1 (fr) 1991-09-06 1992-08-31 Détecteur optique de fumée avec surveillance active

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US (1) US5381130A (fr)
EP (1) EP0530723A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2077707A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH683464A5 (fr)

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EP0788082A3 (fr) * 1996-01-05 1997-10-15 Pittway Corp Système d'alarme d'incendie à discrimination de particules contenant dans la fumée
EP0926646A1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 1999-06-30 Siemens Building Technologies AG Détecteur de fumée optique
EP1022700A2 (fr) * 1999-01-21 2000-07-26 Caradon Esser GmbH Decteur d'incendie par lumiere dispersee
EP1087352A1 (fr) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Siemens Building Technologies AG Détecteur optique de fumée
DE102007013295A1 (de) 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Aoa Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Rauchmelder
DE19951403B4 (de) * 1999-10-26 2010-01-07 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad Kg Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen Verfahren zur Erkennung von Rauch
EP2608174A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de reconnaissance d'un objet parasite dans un volume de diffusion d'un détecteur d'incendie optique et détecteur d'incendie optique
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Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5764142A (en) * 1995-09-01 1998-06-09 Pittway Corporation Fire alarm system with smoke particle discrimination
EP1251471A2 (fr) * 1996-01-05 2002-10-23 Pittway Corporation Système d'alarme d'incendie à discrimination de particules contenues dans la fumée
EP0788082A3 (fr) * 1996-01-05 1997-10-15 Pittway Corp Système d'alarme d'incendie à discrimination de particules contenant dans la fumée
EP1251471A3 (fr) * 1996-01-05 2003-03-26 Pittway Corporation Système d'alarme d'incendie à discrimination de particules contenues dans la fumée
EP0926646A1 (fr) * 1997-12-24 1999-06-30 Siemens Building Technologies AG Détecteur de fumée optique
EP1022700A2 (fr) * 1999-01-21 2000-07-26 Caradon Esser GmbH Decteur d'incendie par lumiere dispersee
EP1022700A3 (fr) * 1999-01-21 2001-04-11 Caradon Esser GmbH Détecteur d'incendie par lumière dispersée
EP1087352A1 (fr) * 1999-09-22 2001-03-28 Siemens Building Technologies AG Détecteur optique de fumée
DE19951403B4 (de) * 1999-10-26 2010-01-07 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad Kg Zweigniederlassung Kolbingen Verfahren zur Erkennung von Rauch
DE102007013295A1 (de) 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Aoa Apparatebau Gauting Gmbh Rauchmelder
EP2608174A1 (fr) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de reconnaissance d'un objet parasite dans un volume de diffusion d'un détecteur d'incendie optique et détecteur d'incendie optique
US8994942B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2015-03-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for identifying interference object in scatter volume of optical fire detector and optical fire detector
DE102019110336A1 (de) * 2019-04-18 2020-10-22 Jörg Flemming Rauchmelder

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US5381130A (en) 1995-01-10
CA2077707A1 (fr) 1993-03-07
CH683464A5 (de) 1994-03-15

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