EP0658264B1 - Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur - Google Patents

Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0658264B1
EP0658264B1 EP94918267A EP94918267A EP0658264B1 EP 0658264 B1 EP0658264 B1 EP 0658264B1 EP 94918267 A EP94918267 A EP 94918267A EP 94918267 A EP94918267 A EP 94918267A EP 0658264 B1 EP0658264 B1 EP 0658264B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke
detector
light
transparent body
simulation means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP94918267A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0658264A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter SCHÄPPI
Arthur Hidber
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Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • G08B29/145—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits of fire detection circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of scattered light smoke detectors, in particular to compare them and to check their functionality.
  • the Scattered light smoke detectors which belong to the optical smoke detectors and to the am the most common smoke detectors count, take advantage of the optical properties of Fire aerosols and allow early detection of fires at a time where in most cases the use of countermeasures is still successful.
  • a An essential requirement for a safe alarm is compliance with the same smoke sensitivity by all smoke detectors, the size of the smoke sensitivity is usually determined by technical standards and regulations. The setting of the sensitivity to smoke is extraordinary with scattered-light smoke detectors important, but it poses a difficult technical problem in manufacturing this detector.
  • scattered-light detectors contain a light transmitter, which is generally pulsed Sends light into a volume of the detector into which fire aerosols can penetrate, and a light-sensitive sensor that does not receive direct light from the transmitter.
  • a light transmitter which is generally pulsed Sends light into a volume of the detector into which fire aerosols can penetrate, and a light-sensitive sensor that does not receive direct light from the transmitter.
  • the sensor which is designed so that it consists only of a limited and as Measurement volume designated area of the named volume receive scattered light can.
  • the electrical signal of the sensor generated by the scattered light is in a analyzed electronic evaluation level, whereby when a certain Limit value is generated by the sensor signal an alarm signal.
  • GB-A-2 251 067 As an example of a stray smoke detector of this type is referred to GB-A-2 251 067.
  • the sensitivity is set, i.e. the adjustment of the scattered light smoke detectors is carried out during the manufacturing process, using essentially three methods, matching with test aerosol, adjustment based on basic reflection and functional test by introducing a body into the measurement volume.
  • the scattered light smoke detector is placed in a chamber or a duct brought with a test aerosol of known quality and concentration can be filled, first the smoke density to the alarm concentration adjusted and then the sensitivity of the detector adjusted accordingly becomes.
  • a test aerosol of known quality and concentration can be filled, first the smoke density to the alarm concentration adjusted and then the sensitivity of the detector adjusted accordingly becomes.
  • the above-mentioned basic reflection is used as the reference value for the adjustment a certain one at the boundary surfaces of the measuring volume and as an alarm threshold Increased the signal generated by the basic reflection selected.
  • This The process does not require a test aerosol and is significantly faster than the first, however, it places extreme demands on the physical properties of the boundary surfaces and above all it is not a physically equivalent replacement for the Comparison with smoke of a certain concentration.
  • the scattering of light on smoke particles is a volume effect, in which the scattered light received by the sensor consists of a large number of elementary scattering processes in the measurement volume, whereas the Basic reflection forms a pure surface effect. Therefore point out using this method balanced detectors do not necessarily have the same sensitivity to smoke, and they're strictly not even checked to see if they're in at all are able to detect light-scattering particles present in the measuring volume.
  • the invention relates to a means for simulating smoke for scattered light smoke detectors, which a light source, a measuring volume illuminated by it and a sensor for Have measurement of the scattered light generated in the measurement volume.
  • This means is supposed to be physically equivalent to an aerosol and have an exact, reproducible and enable rapid adjustment of smoke sensitivity.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a measurement volume usable, transparent body, in which scattering centers for the incident light Since the scattering centers are enclosed in the transparent body and are not attached to its surface, the scattering of incident Light at these scattering centers represents a volume effect and is therefore scattered equivalent to the particles of an aerosol.
  • the invention further relates to a method for adjusting the sensitivity to smoke of a light source, a sensor, a measuring volume permeated by light and one Scattering light smoke detectors with evaluation electronics using the aforementioned Smoke simulation agent.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the transparent Body in a defined position in the measuring volume of the detector to be calibrated introduced and illuminated by the light source, and that the evaluation electronics on the delivery of a predetermined signal corresponding to a certain smoke density is voted.
  • the scattered light smoke detector is connected to an energy supply and connected to a suitable adjustment device.
  • the detector's evaluation electronics is set so that a defined one Status, preferably the alarm status, of the detector is reached. Thereby all detectors in a production series can be adjusted to the same with high accuracy Adjust smoke sensitivity.
  • the adjustment method according to the invention is self-evident also applicable to detectors where the signal evaluation and the eventual generation of an alarm signal takes place in a control center.
  • the invention further relates to the use of said smoke density simulation means for testing the smoke sensitivity of scattered-light smoke detectors.
  • a transparent body is introduced into the detectors to be tested that contains scattering centers with such a spatial distribution that after inserting it into the detector, measure its measurement volume at least partially Scattering centers are filled in from such a concentration that one above the Alarm concentration of the detector lying smoke concentration is simulated.
  • the invention also relates to the use of said smoke density simulation means for checking scattered light smoke detectors for contamination. This is because of that characterized in that a transparent body is introduced into the detectors to be tested which contains scattering centers with such a spatial distribution, that after inserting it into the detector, it corresponds to an unpurified detector Measurement volume from scattering centers is free.
  • Scattered light smoke detectors are known to contain an embedded in a measuring chamber opto-electronic system, which keeps out disturbing extraneous light, penetrating bright and dark smoke particles are optimally detected.
  • the optical system essentially exists from a transmitter, for example an infrared light emitting diode, the short, intense It emits light pulses from a receiver, from an aperture arrangement and from a so-called labyrinth to shield the receiver from direct light and reflections.
  • the transmitter and receiver are arranged so that their optical Crossing axes at a certain angle, for example 70 ° to 120 °, so that the receiver, as it were, the beam of rays emitted by the transmitter viewed from the side.
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross section through a test insert P, the adjustment of the sensitivity, or in other words, the adjustment of scattered smoke detectors without the otherwise necessary introduction of test aerosol into the measurement volume.
  • the test insert P has as shown such as the shape of an open, flat tin or a lid a bottom 4. On this there is a transparent body 5 enclosed in it Scattering centers 6 and optionally an optical labyrinth 7 attached.
  • Fasteners (not shown) are provided with which the test insert P in the detector, preferably in its measuring chamber, is adjustable. These fasteners can, for example, be designed so that they are on the transmitter 1 and components assigned to the receiver 2, for example on those surrounding them Housings, snap into place and thereby the test insert P relative to the transmitter and receiver both position and fix.
  • the transparent body 5 is dimensioned and positioned so that it has the measurement volume 3 at least partially filled.
  • it consists of a silicone rubber such as Dow Corning dielectric silicone gel 3-6527 A&B, in the alumina particle with an average grain size diameter of 30 to 50 ⁇ m as scattering centers 6 are evenly distributed and firmly enclosed.
  • a silicone rubber such as Dow Corning dielectric silicone gel 3-6527 A&B
  • the aluminum oxide particles to be distributed in the silicone rubber mixed with the silicone rubber by constant stirring, until a homogeneous distribution of the particles is achieved. Then the mixture is in a Cast and cured mold. After curing, the particles are solid in the silicone rubber included and no longer change their position. That with radiation Scattered light generated with light is only dependent on the light intensity and the focus dependent on transmitter 1 and receiver 2.
  • the correlation between the scattered light intensity generated by the enclosed particles and one generated by smoke is determined experimentally and is then a material constant of the test insert P.
  • the scattering centers 6 can also receive particles through firmly enclosed cavities, for example, air bubbles can be formed, which differ in terms of light scattering behave similarly to solid particles.
  • the scattering centers 6 can thus any kind of light-scattering inclusions can be formed.
  • the concentration of the scattering centers 6 is selected so that it is in the detector equipped with the test insert P. resulting stray light generates a defined signal. Preferably the concentration selected so that the stray light fulfills the alarm criterion of the detector.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for the adjustment of a Scattered light smoke detector SM with a test insert P according to FIG. 1.
  • the detector SM as shown consists of a housing provided with smoke inlet openings 8 9 and from a detector insert 10 arranged in this housing, which on one side, in the figure lower, is equipped with evaluation electronics 11 and on its other side the measuring chamber 12 with transmitter 1, receiver 2 and labyrinth 7 wears.
  • the labyrinth 7 is in one provided lid-like closure part, which, based on FIG. 2, from above into the Measuring chamber 12 can be pushed.
  • the test insert P has the same shape and the same labyrinth, but also carries the transparent one Body 5. This solution is particularly advantageous because for balancing the Detector SM only replaced the lid-like closure part with the test insert P. are needed.
  • the balancing apparatus identified by reference number 13 contains a fastening or support plate 14 for the detector or detectors to be tested with the required electrical connections, a power supply 15 and an adjustment electronics 16.
  • the energy supply 15 is to be adjusted with the respective detector SM via two lines 17 and 18 and the adjustment electronics 16 is connected to the detector two lines 19 and 20 connected.
  • the adjustment electronics are received via line 19 16 the detector signal generated by inserting the test insert P and via the Line 20 is the evaluation electronics 11 of the detector to the desired value Smoke sensitivity set.
  • the adjustment is carried out in such a way that first the detector parameters required for the adjustment be measured and registered. Then the test insert P is in the detector used, whereby a certain light scattering is generated when the transmitter 1 is switched on which corresponds to a specific detector signal. This signal gets into the Adjustment electronics 16 and is compared there with a predetermined signal which preferably corresponds to the alarm smoke density. If the detector signal from the setpoint deviates, then the electronic evaluation unit 11 is adjusted via the line 20 until until the detector signal corresponds to the setpoint. This ensures that the Detector gives an alarm signal with a defined, always the same smoke density, with which the adjustment is finished.
  • the test insert P can also be used to determine the sensitivity to smoke of installed scattered light smoke detectors in operation. Also in this case, a test insert P with a transparent one is placed in the detector to be tested Body 5 used, the scattering centers 6 in such a spatial distribution contains that after insertion into the detector its measurement volume 3 (Fig. 1) at least is partially filled with scattering centers 6.
  • test application P Another possible application for test application P is to check the Degree of pollution from scattered-light smoke detectors that have been in use for a long time. Such checks are necessary because of contamination often lead to an increase in the measurement volume, which causes undesirable Stray light is generated. And this stray light can trigger an alarm.
  • Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a for checking the pollution of Scattered light smoke detectors suitable test insert P ', the measuring volume 3 of the unpolluted Smoke detector by dashed and the larger measuring volume of the dirty smoke detector is limited by fully drawn lines.
  • the scattering centers 6 are distributed homogeneously, is the distribution of the scattering centers 6 'of the transparent body 5' of the test insert P 'is inhomogeneous, specifically in such a way that when the test specimen P 'is inserted into the detector, there is no contamination Detector characteristic measuring volume 3 none, in the case of a dirty one Detectors existing additional area of the measuring volume, however, very well scatter centers 6 'are.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée pour des dispositifs d'alerte à la fumée à lumière diffusée, qui comportent une source lumineuse, un volume de mesure éclairé par cette source et un capteur pour mesurer la lumière diffusée produite dans le volume de mesure, caractérisé par un corps (5, 5') transparent, qui peut être introduit dans le volume (3) de mesure et dans lequel sont renfermés des centres (6, 6') de diffusion de la lumière incidente.
  2. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les centres (6, 6') de diffusion sont renfermés de manière fixe dans le corps (5, 5') transparent.
  3. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les centres (6, 6') de diffusion sont formés par des particules solides.
  4. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les centres (6, 6') de diffusion sont formés par des alvéoles renfermés dans le corps (5, 5') transparent.
  5. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les centres (6, 6') de diffusion sont répartis de manière uniforme dans le corps (5, 5') transparent.
  6. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant la revendication 5. caractérisé en ce que le corps (5, 5') transparent est monté sur un support (4) et forme avec ce support un insert (P, P') de test, et en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens pour mettre en position et immobiliser l'insert de test dans le dispositif d'alerte.
  7. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant la revendication 5. caractérisé en ce que les centres (6, 6') de diffusion ont une répartition dimensionnelle prescrite et en ce que leur diamètre moyen n'est pas supérieur à 50 µm.
  8. Moyen pour simuler de la fumée suivant les revendication 3 et 7, caractérisé en ce que le corps (5, 5') transparent est un caoutchouc au silicone et en ce que les centres (6, 6') de diffusion sont formés par des particules d'oxyde d'aluminium.
  9. Procédé pour ajuster la sensibilité à la fumée de dispositifs d'alerte à la fumée à lumière diffusée comportant une source lumineuse, un capteur, un volume de mesure traversé par la lumière et une électronique d'exploitation, en utilisant le moyen pour simuler de la fumée de la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on introduit le corps (5) transparent en une position définie dans le volume (3) de mesure du dispositif (SM) d'alerte à ajuster et on l'éclaire par la source (1) lumineuse, et en ce que l'on adapte l'électronique (11) d'exploitation à la fourniture d'un signal prédéterminé, correspondant à une densité de fumée déterminée.
  10. Procédé suivant la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le signal prédéterminé correspond à la densité de fumée qui forme la concentration d'alerte du dispositif (SM) d'alerte à la fumée à lumière diffusée.
  11. Utilisation du moyen pour simuler une densité de fumée suivant la revendication 1 pour tester la sensibilité à la fumée de dispositifs d'alerte à la fumée à lumière diffusée, caractérisée en ce que l'on introduit dans le dispositif (SM) d'alerte à tester un corps (5) transparent qui contient des centres (6) de diffusion qui sont répartis dans l'espace de telle manière que après l'introduction dans le dispositif d'alerte, le volume (3) de mesure de ce dispositif d'alerte soit rempli au moins partiellement de centres de diffusion d'une concentration telle qu'il est simulé une concentration de fumée supérieure à la concentration d'alerte.
  12. Utilisation du moyen pour simuler une densité de fumée suivant la revendication 1 pour tester l'encrassement de dispositifs d'alerte à la fumée à lumière diffusée, caractérisée en ce que l'on introduit dans le dispositif (SM) d'alerte à tester un corps (5') transparent, qui contient des centres (6') de diffusion qui sont répartis dans l'espace de telle manière que, après l'introduction dans le dispositif d'alerte, le volume de mesure correspondant à un dispositif d'alerte non encrassé soit exempt de centres de diffusion.
EP94918267A 1993-07-07 1994-06-28 Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur Expired - Lifetime EP0658264B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH203793 1993-07-07
CH2037/93 1993-07-07
PCT/CH1994/000135 WO1995002230A1 (fr) 1993-07-07 1994-06-28 Simulateur de fumee pour detecteurs de fumee, procede de reglage de leur sensibilite a la fumee et utilisation du simulateur

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EP0658264A1 EP0658264A1 (fr) 1995-06-21
EP0658264B1 true EP0658264B1 (fr) 1998-04-15

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US (1) US5497144A (fr)
EP (1) EP0658264B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH08501637A (fr)
CN (1) CN1037035C (fr)
DE (1) DE59405710D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2119205T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995002230A1 (fr)

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US7365846B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2008-04-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Scattered light smoke detector
US7463159B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2008-12-09 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Fire detector
EP2306419A1 (fr) 2009-09-30 2011-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibrage d'une trajectoire de signal électro-optique d'un dispositif de capteur par surveillance du seuil de signal en ligne
US8717184B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2014-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibration of an electro-optical signal path of a sensor device by online signal level monitoring
EP2846150A1 (fr) 2013-09-06 2015-03-11 DiTest Fahrzeugdiagnose GmbH Élément de calibrage et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de calibrage
EP2873964A1 (fr) 2013-11-13 2015-05-20 AVL DiTest GmbH Élément d'étalonnage pour appareil de mesure de lumière dispersée
EP3392855A1 (fr) 2017-04-19 2018-10-24 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé et dispositif destinés à aligner un détecteur de fumée
EP3489921A1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2019-05-29 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé et dispositif destinés à aligner un détecteur de fumée
CN111696307A (zh) * 2020-06-10 2020-09-22 深圳泽保智能科技有限公司 一种探测火灾的光学探测装置

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JP3251407B2 (ja) * 1993-12-22 2002-01-28 能美防災株式会社 光電式火災感知器および調整装置
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CN108447217A (zh) * 2018-02-06 2018-08-24 深圳市泛海三江电子股份有限公司 一种小尺寸光学暗室
US20190346595A1 (en) * 2018-05-14 2019-11-14 Excelitas Canada, Inc. Smoke Simulator Test Structure Device and Method
WO2020123290A1 (fr) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-18 Carrier Corporation Étalonnage d'un détecteur optique
WO2020123155A1 (fr) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-18 Carrier Corporation Étalonnage d'un détecteur optique
US11879840B2 (en) 2018-12-11 2024-01-23 Carrier Corporation Calibration of an optical detector using a micro-flow chamber
CN110895240A (zh) * 2019-05-09 2020-03-20 北京西门子西伯乐斯电子有限公司 标定辅助装置、光电感烟探测器及标定方法
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US11238716B2 (en) * 2019-11-27 2022-02-01 Ningbo Weilaiying Electronic Technology Co., Ltd Photoelectric smoke fire detection and alarming method, apparatus and system
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CN112384784B (zh) * 2020-09-25 2024-04-16 香港应用科技研究院有限公司 基于多波长散射的使用多维度指标监测的烟雾检测系统和方法
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CN115311835B (zh) * 2022-08-08 2024-04-16 无锡商业职业技术学院 一种光电式烟雾探测器的基于多电流扫描的烟雾检测方法
CN118430216B (zh) * 2024-07-04 2024-10-11 陕西天天欧姆新能源有限公司 一种用于充电桩的多种通信协议烟雾预警系统

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US5497144A (en) * 1993-07-07 1996-03-05 Cerberus Ag Testing and adjustment of scattered-light smoke detectors

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10227614B4 (de) * 2002-06-20 2006-04-20 Novar Gmbh Rauchsimulationskörper zum Abgleichen von Streulichtrauchmeldern
US7365846B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2008-04-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Scattered light smoke detector
US7463159B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2008-12-09 Siemens Building Technologies Ag Fire detector
EP2306419A1 (fr) 2009-09-30 2011-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibrage d'une trajectoire de signal électro-optique d'un dispositif de capteur par surveillance du seuil de signal en ligne
US8717184B2 (en) 2010-10-15 2014-05-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Calibration of an electro-optical signal path of a sensor device by online signal level monitoring
EP2846150A1 (fr) 2013-09-06 2015-03-11 DiTest Fahrzeugdiagnose GmbH Élément de calibrage et procédé de fabrication d'un tel élément de calibrage
EP2873964A1 (fr) 2013-11-13 2015-05-20 AVL DiTest GmbH Élément d'étalonnage pour appareil de mesure de lumière dispersée
EP3392855A1 (fr) 2017-04-19 2018-10-24 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé et dispositif destinés à aligner un détecteur de fumée
US11069226B2 (en) 2017-04-19 2021-07-20 Siemens Schweiz Ag Smoke detector methods and systems
EP3489921A1 (fr) 2017-11-24 2019-05-29 Siemens Schweiz AG Procédé et dispositif destinés à aligner un détecteur de fumée
CN109841046A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2019-06-04 西门子瑞士有限公司 用于校准烟雾探测器的方法和装置
US10593193B2 (en) 2017-11-24 2020-03-17 Siemens Schweiz Ag Method and device for calibrating a smoke detector
CN111696307A (zh) * 2020-06-10 2020-09-22 深圳泽保智能科技有限公司 一种探测火灾的光学探测装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0658264A1 (fr) 1995-06-21
CN1037035C (zh) 1998-01-14
ES2119205T3 (es) 1998-10-01
JPH08501637A (ja) 1996-02-20
WO1995002230A1 (fr) 1995-01-19
US5497144A (en) 1996-03-05
DE59405710D1 (de) 1998-05-20
CN1111922A (zh) 1995-11-15

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