EP0654771A1 - Procédé pour éviter les fausses alarmes dans un système de détection d'incendie et dispositif pour la réalisation de la méthode - Google Patents

Procédé pour éviter les fausses alarmes dans un système de détection d'incendie et dispositif pour la réalisation de la méthode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0654771A1
EP0654771A1 EP94113870A EP94113870A EP0654771A1 EP 0654771 A1 EP0654771 A1 EP 0654771A1 EP 94113870 A EP94113870 A EP 94113870A EP 94113870 A EP94113870 A EP 94113870A EP 0654771 A1 EP0654771 A1 EP 0654771A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
interval
sensor signals
threshold value
subintervals
sensor
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP94113870A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0654771B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernhard Dr. Piller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Building Technologies AG
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Cerberus AG
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
    • G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
    • G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for avoiding false alarms in a fire alarm system, with a plurality of detectors connected to a control center, which have at least one sensor for monitoring fire parameters and for emitting corresponding sensor signals, from which hazard signals are derived in a signal processing process.
  • False alarms which are among the most common faults in fire protection systems, occur, among other things, because the sensors are "mistaken” in that they cannot distinguish between a fire parameter and a parameter that only pretend a fire.
  • the main reason for this deception is that both sizes are physically the same but of different origin, that is to say the physical size "smoke" can be caused, for example, once by a fire, once by a cigar smoker and once by welding work in the respective room. If the detector in question responds to the smoke parameter, it will do so in each of the three cases, and it will not be possible for the cigar smoker to trigger false alarms or the welding work to be carried out by increasing the reliability of the sensor or individual components of to prevent this. However, since known systems are aimed almost exclusively at such an improvement in reliability, they cannot generally reduce the number of false alarms of the type described.
  • the invention is now intended to provide a method by which false alarms are largely avoided or at least noticeably reduced through its use.
  • the method according to the invention therefore takes a completely different route than before: attempts are not made to reduce the false alarms by increasing the reliability of the system or its components, but rather the system is designed in such a way that false alarms can be predicted. If the probability of a future false alarm reaches or exceeds a certain value, the user receives a message or warning and can react accordingly.
  • a major difficulty with such a method or system lies in the relationship between the time it takes to decide whether or not to issue a warning and the reliability of that decision.
  • the decision must be made within the shortest possible time, since a false alarm usually takes place shortly after a change in the ambient conditions.
  • the statistical relevance of the data collected during this short period of time is not great and cannot be.
  • One of the main uses of the method according to the invention is in the so-called application error determination, by means of which the user is to be made aware of possible application errors.
  • this function can be fulfilled in that instead of calculating the probability according to step b. a threshold value is determined, that the sensor signals are compared with this threshold value and the exceedances of the threshold value are registered, and that an application error message is given if a certain number of exceedances is exceeded.
  • the invention further relates to a fire detection system for carrying out the above-mentioned method, with a control center, with detectors connected to it, which have sensors for fire parameters and emit corresponding sensor signals, and with means for processing them.
  • the fire alarm system according to the invention is characterized in that said means for processing the sensor signals have means for their registration during the first interval, means for comparing the sensor signals with a threshold value and means for registering the exceeding of the threshold value by the sensor signals.
  • reference numeral 1 designates the or a sensor of a fire alarm, at the output of which a sensor signal S is available.
  • the reference numeral 2 denotes a block 2 in which the quantization of the sensor signals S takes place, that is to say the continuous sensor signal is sampled.
  • Reference number 3 denotes a stage for signal analysis, at the output of which is the probability of one False alarm indicating signal W is available.
  • the signal analysis usually does not take place in the detector but in the control center to which the detectors with sensors 1 are connected. It does not matter whether the control center receives the sensor signal S in quantized form or not; in the latter case, the quantization would take place in the control center, which is indicated in the figure by the dashed line connecting sensor 1 with analysis stage 3.
  • an interval is first defined over which the sensor signal is to be analyzed.
  • the length of this interval can range from minutes, days, weeks or even months.
  • an interval is specified, but a series of intervals with different lengths. The latter is done by dividing the intervals into subintervals, and so on, so that an interval grid is usually available, in whose individual differently rastered subintervals the sensor signal is analyzed.
  • a second interval of preferably the same length as the first or an interval grid with lengths corresponding to the first interval grid is then defined and the result of the analysis of the sensor signal in the individual subintervals of the first interval is transferred to the corresponding subintervals of the second interval.
  • a main prerequisite for being able to infer the behavior in a second interval from the behavior of the sensor signal S is the presence of a steady state. It is therefore assumed that steady-state conditions prevailed during the observation and registration of the signal, and that this will continue to be the case in the future during the second interval.
  • intervals of different lengths are recommended because the weighting of a signal with regard to its relevance for a possible one Alarm is very dependent on the time reference. If, for example, 20 events occur on a single day, i.e. exceeding any threshold value, then these are 20 independent events in relation to an interval the length of a day. In relation to a half-year or annual interval, on the other hand, it is a cluster of events that can in no way be regarded as independent of one another.
  • P ⁇ (T, L) (1 - e - ⁇ L ) m
  • This value and the number m of subintervals define the condition for the system to issue a warning: Warning if: ⁇ L ⁇ - In [1 - P 1 / m (T, L)]
  • the bandwidth of the intervals will be chosen such that the shortest is defined by the shortest reaction time of a user, typically 10 minutes, and the longest by the maximum expected duration of the steady state, for example 6 months. If you double the interval length based on the shortest interval, you get 15 intervals from 10 minutes to 6 months.
  • the mean values for each interval are obtained by filtering the maxima of the subintervals with a digital low-pass filter. This mean value is saved together with the provisional maximum for each interval.
  • the algorithm for the warning is very simple: the system calculates the mean values and checks whether they exceed a given threshold value corresponding to the probability of avoiding a false alarm P. This can be different for each interval. If, as stated above, 9 out of 10 false alarms are to be prevented, the system will, as soon as it detects that the mean value becomes one within an interval of, for example, one hour Has exceeded 22% of the threshold, give a warning and request intervention within the next hour. If the interval is 1 month, the message would look different because the intervention would not be so urgent.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment for a very simple function of the method according to the invention.
  • This function is a so-called application error determination or message, which is intended to draw the user's attention to any application errors.
  • the basic idea is that it is automatically determined whether and how often a detector exceeds a certain danger level that does not yet trigger an alarm within a certain interval. Because then there is a risk that a false alarm will be triggered at some point.
  • FIG. 2 shows the diagram of a sensor signal S plotted over time t, a threshold value G1 for the aforementioned low danger level being plotted on the ordinate.
  • a detector counts each time the threshold value G1 is exceeded and delivers a corresponding pulse In to a counter 4.
  • the counter 4 counts the pulses In over the selected time interval T of, for example, 24 hours and reports the counter reading, which is 5 in the example shown, to a comparator 5 at the end of the time interval. This compares the counter reading received with a set value and, when this value is exceeded, issues an advisory message of the "unsuitable use" type or the like.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown can be expanded further, for example by quantizing the signal S and thus determining how long it took the signal S to exceed the threshold value G1.
  • the other, higher danger levels for the application error determination can also be taken into account by taking into account that these danger levels are exceeded for the notification message.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
EP94113870A 1993-11-23 1994-09-05 Procédé pour éviter les fausses alarmes dans un système de détection d'incendie et dispositif pour la réalisation de la méthode Expired - Lifetime EP0654771B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3487/93 1993-11-23
CH03487/93A CH686915A5 (de) 1993-11-23 1993-11-23 Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Fehlalarmen in einem Brandmeldesystem, und Brandmeldesystem zur Durchfuehrung des Verfahrens.
CH348793 1993-11-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0654771A1 true EP0654771A1 (fr) 1995-05-24
EP0654771B1 EP0654771B1 (fr) 2002-01-09

Family

ID=4257060

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94113870A Expired - Lifetime EP0654771B1 (fr) 1993-11-23 1994-09-05 Procédé pour éviter les fausses alarmes dans un système de détection d'incendie et dispositif pour la réalisation de la méthode

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5786756A (fr)
EP (1) EP0654771B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH07200960A (fr)
CN (1) CN1125422C (fr)
AT (1) ATE211845T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH686915A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59410025D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016025946A1 (fr) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Adt Us Holdings, Inc. Utilisation d'un degré de confiance pour prévenir les fausses alarmes dans un système de sécurité

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2015261622A1 (en) * 2008-01-09 2015-12-17 Aristocrat Technologies Australia Pty Limited A method of gaming, a game controller and a gaming system
US10522031B2 (en) * 2015-09-01 2019-12-31 Honeywell International Inc. System and method providing early prediction and forecasting of false alarms by applying statistical inference models
KR102006436B1 (ko) * 2015-10-30 2019-08-01 삼성에스디에스 주식회사 거짓 경보 결정 방법
CN106781239B (zh) * 2015-11-20 2019-04-02 上海点艺信息技术有限公司 一种智能看护的监测方法及系统
US10037686B1 (en) 2017-06-20 2018-07-31 Honeywell International Inc. Systems and methods for preventing false alarms during alarm sensitivity threshold changes in fire alarm systems
US10916121B2 (en) * 2018-05-21 2021-02-09 Johnson Controls Technology Company Virtual maintenance manager

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2542116A1 (fr) * 1983-02-25 1984-09-07 Verdon Roger Dispositif d'elimination des fausses alarmes
EP0121048A1 (fr) * 1983-03-04 1984-10-10 Cerberus Ag Mise en place de circuit pour le contrôle du niveau d'interférence des détecteurs connectés dans une installation de détecteurs de danger
US4764755A (en) * 1987-07-27 1988-08-16 Detection Systems, Inc. Intruder detection system with false-alarm-minimizing circuitry

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA785255B (en) * 1978-09-15 1979-12-27 Anglo Amer Corp South Africa Alarm system
JPS6115300A (ja) * 1984-06-29 1986-01-23 ホーチキ株式会社 火災警報装置
JPH079680B2 (ja) * 1985-04-01 1995-02-01 ホーチキ株式会社 アナログ火災報知装置
JPH0719315B2 (ja) * 1985-04-09 1995-03-06 ホーチキ株式会社 火災報知装置
JPS61237197A (ja) * 1985-04-12 1986-10-22 ホーチキ株式会社 火災警報装置

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2542116A1 (fr) * 1983-02-25 1984-09-07 Verdon Roger Dispositif d'elimination des fausses alarmes
EP0121048A1 (fr) * 1983-03-04 1984-10-10 Cerberus Ag Mise en place de circuit pour le contrôle du niveau d'interférence des détecteurs connectés dans une installation de détecteurs de danger
US4764755A (en) * 1987-07-27 1988-08-16 Detection Systems, Inc. Intruder detection system with false-alarm-minimizing circuitry

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016025946A1 (fr) * 2014-08-15 2016-02-18 Adt Us Holdings, Inc. Utilisation d'un degré de confiance pour prévenir les fausses alarmes dans un système de sécurité
US9786158B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2017-10-10 Adt Us Holdings, Inc. Using degree of confidence to prevent false security system alarms
US10176706B2 (en) 2014-08-15 2019-01-08 The Adt Security Corporation Using degree of confidence to prevent false security system alarms

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE211845T1 (de) 2002-01-15
EP0654771B1 (fr) 2002-01-09
DE59410025D1 (de) 2002-02-14
CH686915A5 (de) 1996-07-31
US5786756A (en) 1998-07-28
CN1109193A (zh) 1995-09-27
JPH07200960A (ja) 1995-08-04
CN1125422C (zh) 2003-10-22

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