EP0651067B1 - Matériau composite céramo-métallique à haute ténacité et procédé pour sa fabrication - Google Patents
Matériau composite céramo-métallique à haute ténacité et procédé pour sa fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0651067B1 EP0651067B1 EP94116793A EP94116793A EP0651067B1 EP 0651067 B1 EP0651067 B1 EP 0651067B1 EP 94116793 A EP94116793 A EP 94116793A EP 94116793 A EP94116793 A EP 94116793A EP 0651067 B1 EP0651067 B1 EP 0651067B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alumina
- fact
- process according
- particles
- sintering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910003178 Mo2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 6
- QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1lambda4,2lambda4-dimolybdacyclopropa-1,2,3-triene Chemical compound [Mo]=C=[Mo] QIJNJJZPYXGIQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910039444 MoC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910034327 TiC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/02—Nitrogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12056—Entirely inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12146—Nonmetal particles in a component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/1216—Continuous interengaged phases of plural metals, or oriented fiber containing
- Y10T428/12167—Nonmetal containing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material high tenacity containing a strengthening phase based on oxide, and a method of manufacturing the same.
- Ceramic-metallic composite materials can be used as well as materials structural (engine parts, aeronautical parts and the space industry) that as materials functional (cutting, drilling, drilling tools).
- materials structural engine parts, aeronautical parts and the space industry
- materials functional cutting, drilling, drilling tools.
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide or alumina
- Al 2 O 3 aluminum oxide or alumina
- the toughness and impact resistance of polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 are very low.
- ceramics based on alumina are often added, for example, other ceramics such as ZrO 2 and Y 2 O 3 or carbides such as TiC. Even with such additions, however, the toughness of metals and ceramic-metal composites is never achieved.
- the metals of the group Fe, Ni, Co, also called metals ferrous, are interesting for applications with high temperature, because their melting point is at temperatures well above those reached in the most industrial processes and yet easily obtainable during manufacture.
- the alloys ferrous metals have excellent resistance to oxidation.
- Ferrous metals form a pseudoeutectic lower than their melting point in the presence carbides and carbonitrides such as TiC, TaC, WC, TiCN. These carbides and carbonitrides in combination with ferrous metals (mainly Ni and Co) are the basis of the vast majority of cermets currently produced.
- cermets nowadays, the application of cermets is targeting increasingly higher temperatures, which leads to problems of resistance to oxidation, resistance to creep and decohesion of interfaces.
- the introduction of a strengthening phase based on aluminum oxide could give cermets better temperature resistance thanks to the chemical resistance of Al 2 O 3 and its refractory properties.
- the document Us 3,098,723 discloses for example a composite material, more specifically intended for the manufacture of turbine blades, which comprises long alumina fibers in a steel matrix, these reinforcing filaments being able to be coated with titanium nitride before being introduced into said matrix.
- the object of this invention therefore is to provide a composite material with high toughness and refractory properties which are specific to ceramic, by forming a layer around the ceramic oxide phase interfacial guaranteeing good wettability and good toughness of the interface.
- the object of the invention aims at achieving the aim mentioned above, consists of a process for manufacturing a sintered ceramic-metallic material comprising a phase ceramic with alumina particles or solution solid based on alumina, a refractory phase comprising titanium nitride and / or carbonitride, and a matrix metallic based on Ni, Co and / or Fe, the interface between alumina particles or solid solution alumina and the metallic matrix being rich in nitrogen and made of titanium or compounds thereof, which is characterized by the fact that it includes the sintering of the elements components in a non-oxidizing nitrogen atmosphere, at a temperature from 1300 to 1600 ° C and under a pressure of 1 to 2000 MPa, and by the fact that we form, in situ during the sintering under nitrogen, around particles of alumina or solid alumina solution, said titanium-rich interface and nitrogen or their compounds at a temperature between 950 and 1600 ° C and in the presence of carbon.
- the interface mentioned above is usually formed by a continuous TiN-rich layer around the particles alumina or solid alumina solution promoting a good wettability of the metal matrix, and which can contain aluminum, in the form of compounds with the titanium, nitrogen and / or a metal of the metallic phase, to proximity to this metallic matrix.
- Alumina can be in the form of powder, whose grains have a diameter of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m, or platelets monocrystalline whose form factor varies between 5 and 20 and the diameter between 5 and 50 ⁇ m, or even whiskers or filaments.
- the volume content of the ceramic phase can be between 10 and 80%, preferably between 20 and 50%, that of the phase refractory between 10 and 70% and that of the matrix metallic between 3 and 50%.
- the content of the ceramic phase is between 5 and 30% vol., that of the phase refractory between 35 and 65% vol. and that of the matrix metallic between 5 and 25% vol.
- the ceramic metal material may also contain as another main ingredient of titanium carbide in plus carbonitride or titanium nitride, or a mixture of the three.
- the metal matrix may contain additional dissolved ingredients, such as metals that Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, Re, Ru, Al, C and N, between 0.1 and 5% vol. and the refractory phase of carbides of Mo, W, V, Hf, Nb, Cr, Ta, or nitrides such as AlN, TaN, ZrN and BN, between 0.5 and 15% vol.
- additional dissolved ingredients such as metals that Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, Re, Ru, Al, C and N, between 0.1 and 5% vol. and the refractory phase of carbides of Mo, W, V, Hf, Nb, Cr, Ta, or nitrides such as AlN, TaN, ZrN and BN, between 0.5 and 15% vol.
- the ceramic phase can also contain other oxides, such as ZrO 2 or Y 2 0 3 or a mixture of these oxides.
- the sintering of constituent elements is carried out preferably from 1450 to 1500 ° C and under a pressure of 1 to 200 MPa. He can be combined with hot pressing or pressing hot isostatic.
- one of the main characteristics of the present invention consists in forming on the surface of the ceramic phase an intermediate layer having affinities with the matrix, this layer being rich in nitrogen and titanium. It is well known that metals wet ceramics by forming chemical bonds. When the wetting is poor, the reaction between the metal and the atoms on the surface of the ceramic is not thermodynamically favorable. The presence of a reactive prelayer can thus provide the driving force necessary for the wetting reaction. Maintaining the reactive preliminary layer during sintering thus allows the formation of the interface is done by the addition of nitrogen and a metallic element, preferably titanium, in solution in the matrix. There is thus the deposition of a nitride.
- the energy supplied by this reaction during sintering increases the wetting and the epitaxial precipitation of the nitride guarantees the homogeneity and the tenacity of the interface.
- the reactive preliminary layer can be obtained by PVD or CVD deposition, in which case it leads to an interface thickness between 0.5 and 5 ⁇ m, or by nitriding of Al 2 O 3 before sintering, in which case it leads to a interface thickness between 10 and 1000 nm. Nitriding can be helped by the addition of carbon which allows the reduction of alumina.
- Another possibility is the deposition of a TiN layer or of TiCN on the ceramic before sintering. In this case the wetting is ensured by the maintenance reactions 3a, b.
- the manufacturing of the composite material generally includes first mixing the powders of the binding phase. More particularly, a slip is first prepared by mixing the binding phase in the form of powders with a liquid organic product such as polyethylene glycol. The slurry is mixed for 12 h in a mill beads, then degassed to adjust the viscosity. We add to this mixes the ceramic with oxides. Light grinding of the total mass is necessary to obtain good homogeneity. We then move on to formatting which can be performed by dry pressing, filter pressing, pouring in slip, extrusion or injection. The exhibits form are then sintered. Pre-sintering at one temperature between 300 and 700 ° C may be necessary to release the organic binder completely. Sintering is carried out at a temperature between 1300 and 1600 ° C, for 1-4 hours, under nitrogen at a pressure between 1 and 2000 MPa.
- the thickness of the interface between the alumina particles and the metal matrix is 100 to 10,000 Angstroms when obtained by prior surface nitriding of said particles. This thickness can be by against 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m if the interface is obtained after deposition chemical of a titanium compound on the particles alumina, and from 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m in the case where this interface is obtained during sintering without a prior reactive layer.
- the powders of the composite matrix were previously mixed with 2% polyethylene glycol and ground for 12 h in a ball mill.
- the Al 2 O 3 plates are added to the slip and the whole is mixed in a ball mill for 2 hours.
- This mixture is then dried in air at 50 ° C., deagglomerated in a ball mixer and dry press with a pressure of 140 MPa. Sintering is then carried out at 1500 ° C. for 1 hour under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the composite powders are mixed with 2% polyethylene glycol and ground for 12 hours in a mill ball. This mixture is then dried in air at 50 ° C, deagglomerated in a ball mixer and dry pressed with a pressure of 140 MPa. We then proceed to sintering at 1500 ° C for 1 h under nitrogen atmosphere.
- the same shaped mixing process is used here, sintering and the same matrix composition as in Example 1.
- the alumina strengthening phase is formed wafers coated with a TiN layer according to the method described below.
- Platelets of Al 2 O 3 suspended in hexane are introduced into a laboratory autoclave.
- the Al 2 O 3 platelets are dispersed in hexane for 15 minutes with an ultrasonic probe.
- a 10% solution of TiCl 4 in hexane is introduced, and simultaneously a stream of ammonia is passed through for 10 minutes.
- the TiCl 4 .NH 3 complex is thus precipitated on the platelets.
- the powders obtained are then dried under vacuum. After this treatment, the powders are oxidized in an oven in air at 900 ° C. for 1 h.
- the powders obtained are mixed at equal weight with powdered graphite powder and heated to 1150 ° C. under a flow of nitrogen. We stay at this temperature for 4 h.
- a TiN layer of less than about 1 ⁇ m was thus obtained on the surface of the Al 2 0 3 powders according to the reaction: 2Ti0 2 + 4C + N 2 ⁇ 2TiN + 4CO ⁇
- Sample 8 TiCN 65%, TiN 20%, Mo 2 C 5%, Ni 10% Absence of reinforcement phase (Al 2 0 3 ); obtained by sintering under nitrogen.
- microstructure of composite materials according to the invention shows the particles of aluminum oxide uniformly dispersed in one phase made up of metal islands in a ceramic skeleton of titanium carbonitride. Metal also surrounds the oxide particles.
- the interface between metal and the oxide which has a thickness between 0.03 and 0.1 ⁇ m is mainly consisting of titanium nitride.
- the present invention significantly improves toughness cermets, while keeping a high hardness, by the introduction of alumina particles, provided that whether the alumina is treated before or during the sintering of so as to favor the formation of an interface rich in nitrogen and titanium. It can also be noted that sintering under pressure (Sample 4) provides properties excellent mechanical properties with a significant reduction the duration of said sintering.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
- Echantillon 1 :
- 10% Al203 + 90 % (TiCN 65 % , TiN 19%, Mo2C 5%, C 1%, Ni 10%)
- Echantillon 2:
- 30% Al2O3 + 70% (TiCN 65%, TiN 19%, Mo2C 5%, C 1%, Ni 10%)
- Echantillon 3:
- 10% Al2O3(TiN) + 90% (TiCN 65%, TiN 19%, Mo2C 5%, C 1%, Ni 10%)
- Echantillon 4:
- 30% Al2O3 + 70% (TiCN 65%, TiN 20%, Mo2C 5%, Ni 10%)
- Echantillon 5 :
- 30% Al2O3 + 70% (TiCN 65%, TiN 5%, TiC 15%, Mo2C 5%, Ni 10%)
- Echantillon 6:
- 10% Al2O3 + 90% (TiCN 65%, TiN 19%, Mo2C 5%, C 1%, Ni 10%)
- Echantillon 7:
- 30% Al2O3 + 70% (TiCN 65%, TiN 20%, Mo2C 5%, Ni 10%)
Propriétés mécaniques des échantillons. | ||
Echantillon | Dureté Hv (Kg/mm2) | Tenacité KIC (MPa m1/2) |
1 | 1487 | 11,9 |
2 | 1422 | 10,9 |
3 | 1305 | 10,6 |
4 | 1510 | 12,8 |
5 | 1498 | 12,1 |
6 (contrôle) | 1235 | 7,3 |
7 (contrôle) | 1250 | 7,0 |
8 (contrôle) | 1540 | 6,9 |
Claims (12)
- Procédé de fabrication d'un matériau composite céramo-métallique fritté comprenant une phase céramique avec des particules d'alumine ou d'une solution solide à base d'alumine, une phase réfractaire comportant du nitrure et/ou du carbonitrure de titane, et une matrice métallique à base de Ni, Co et/ou Fe, l'interface entre les particules d'alumine ou de solution solide d'alumine et la matrice métallique étant riche en azote et en titane ou en composés de ceux-ci, caractérisé par le fait qu'il comporte le frittage des éléments constitutifs en atmosphère d'azote non oxydante, a une température de 1300 à 1600°C et sous une pression de 1 à 2000 MPa, et par le fait qu'on forme, in situ pendant le frittage sous azote, autour des particules d'alumine ou de solution solide d'alumine, ledit interface riche en titane et en azote ou en composés de ceux-ci, à une température comprise entre 950 à 1600°C et en présence de carbone.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que ledit interface est formé par une couche continue riche en TiN autour des particules d'alumine ou de solution solide d'alumine et pouvant contenir de l'aluminium, sous forme de composés au moins avec le titane et l'azote, à proximité de la matrice métallique.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que les particules d'Al203 sont sous la forme de poudre dont les grains ont un diamètre de 0,1 à 50µm, et préférablement de 0,5 à 10µm.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que les particules d'Al203 sont sous la forme de plaquettes monocristallines dont le facteur de forme varie entre 5 et 20 et le diamètre entre 5 et 50 µm, ou de whiskers ou de filaments.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que la teneur en volume de la phase céramique est comprise entre 10 et 80%, de préférence 20 à 50%, celle de la phase réfractaire entre 10 et 70% et celle de la matrice métallique entre 3 et 50%.
- Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que la teneur en volume de la phase céramique est comprise entre 5 et 30%, celle de la phase réfractaire entre 35 et 65% et celle de la matrice métallique entre 5 et 25%.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que la phase céramique comporte d'autres oxydes, tels que ZrO2 et Y2O3.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que la matrice métallique contient des éléments dissous dans celle-ci choisi parmi Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, W, Re, Ru, Al, C et N.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que la phase réfractaire contient, en plus de TiCN et TiN, du TiC et/ou un ou plusieurs composants choisis parmi les carbures de W, Cr, V, Mo, Ta, Hf, Nb et les nitrures ZrN, TaN, AlN et BN.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que l'interface entre les particules d'alumine ou de solution solide d'alumine et la matrice métallique a une épaisseur comprise entre 0,01 et 5 µm.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que le frittage des éléments constitutifs est effectué a une température de 1450 à 1500°C et sous une pression de 1 à 200 MPa.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé par le fait qu'on effectue une mise en forme avant frittage par pressage uniaxial à environ 100 MPa, par pressage isostatique à environ 300 MPa, par filtre pressage ou par coulage en barbotine.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3288/93 | 1993-11-01 | ||
CH03288/93A CH686888A5 (fr) | 1993-11-01 | 1993-11-01 | Matériau composite céramo-métallique à haute tenacité et procédé pour sa fabrication. |
CH328893 | 1993-11-01 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0651067A2 EP0651067A2 (fr) | 1995-05-03 |
EP0651067A3 EP0651067A3 (fr) | 1996-12-18 |
EP0651067B1 true EP0651067B1 (fr) | 2000-03-22 |
Family
ID=4252746
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94116793A Expired - Lifetime EP0651067B1 (fr) | 1993-11-01 | 1994-10-25 | Matériau composite céramo-métallique à haute ténacité et procédé pour sa fabrication |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5682595A (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0651067B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH07188803A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE191015T1 (fr) |
CH (1) | CH686888A5 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69423565D1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK1009545T3 (da) * | 1997-05-13 | 2011-03-28 | Richard Edmund Toth | Hårde pulvere med resistent belægning og sintrede genstande heraf |
US20040052984A1 (en) * | 1997-05-13 | 2004-03-18 | Toth Richard E. | Apparatus and method of treating fine powders |
DE19800689C1 (de) * | 1998-01-10 | 1999-07-15 | Deloro Stellite Gmbh | Formkörper aus einem verschleißfesten Werkstoff |
US8603181B2 (en) | 2000-01-30 | 2013-12-10 | Dimicron, Inc | Use of Ti and Nb cemented in TiC in prosthetic joints |
US20100025898A1 (en) * | 2000-01-30 | 2010-02-04 | Pope Bill J | USE OF Ti AND Nb CEMENTED TiC IN PROSTHETIC JOINTS |
SE526851C2 (sv) * | 2003-06-13 | 2005-11-08 | Seco Tools Ab | Sätt att tillverka titanbaserade karbonitridlegeringar |
JP2007506256A (ja) * | 2003-09-17 | 2007-03-15 | タイアックス エルエルシー | 電気化学機器及びその成分 |
KR101228906B1 (ko) * | 2004-03-29 | 2013-02-01 | 쿄세라 코포레이션 | 세라믹 소결체와 그 제조방법 및 세라믹 소결체를 사용한장식용 부재 |
US7736582B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2010-06-15 | Allomet Corporation | Method for consolidating tough coated hard powders |
US8449991B2 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2013-05-28 | Dimicron, Inc. | Use of SN and pore size control to improve biocompatibility in polycrystalline diamond compacts |
JP5604981B2 (ja) | 2009-05-28 | 2014-10-15 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 粉末冶金用鉄基混合粉末 |
US8663359B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2014-03-04 | Dimicron, Inc. | Thick sintered polycrystalline diamond and sintered jewelry |
KR102478654B1 (ko) | 2017-07-11 | 2022-12-16 | 한국재료연구원 | 계면 물질을 포함하는 복합재료 및 이의 제조방법 |
EP4296796A3 (fr) * | 2018-11-16 | 2024-01-17 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Matériau composite à matrice métallique et procédé de fabrication d'un tel matériau |
RU2707216C1 (ru) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-25 | Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Новосибирский Государственный Технический Университет" | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ Al2O3 -TiCN |
EP3974405A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-30 | The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd | Article décoratif en ceramique |
EP4538250A1 (fr) * | 2023-10-13 | 2025-04-16 | Treibacher Industrie AG | Mélange de poudres |
WO2025078386A1 (fr) | 2023-10-13 | 2025-04-17 | Treibacher Industrie Ag | Mélange de poudres |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA641647A (en) * | 1962-05-22 | M. Trent Edward | Hard sintered materials of alumina | |
US3098723A (en) * | 1960-01-18 | 1963-07-23 | Rand Corp | Novel structural composite material |
US3652304A (en) * | 1969-11-21 | 1972-03-28 | Du Pont | Nitride-oxide refractories |
JPS6044271B2 (ja) * | 1977-04-12 | 1985-10-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 強靭セラミツク工具材料 |
JPS53130208A (en) * | 1977-04-20 | 1978-11-14 | Nippon Tungsten | Production of material for cutting tool |
SE417818B (sv) * | 1979-09-03 | 1981-04-13 | Sandvik Ab | Keramisk legering vesentligen omfattande aluminiumoxid samt nitrider och/eller karbonitrider av en eller flera metaller tillhorande grupperna iv b, v b och vi b i periodiska systemet samt en eller flera ... |
JPS6041019B2 (ja) * | 1980-02-07 | 1985-09-13 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 高強度を有するアルミナ系焼結セラミツク |
JPS6055468B2 (ja) * | 1982-09-30 | 1985-12-05 | 京セラ株式会社 | 金色セラミックス装飾品の製造方法 |
JPS5978973A (ja) * | 1982-10-27 | 1984-05-08 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 導電性セラミツクス |
DE58904666D1 (de) * | 1988-12-16 | 1993-07-15 | Krupp Widia Gmbh | Hartmetallverbundkoerper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung. |
US5188908A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1993-02-23 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Al2 O3 Based ceramics |
DE69108472T2 (de) * | 1990-07-25 | 1995-12-14 | Kyocera Corp | Keramischer Werkstoff, verstärkt durch Aluminiumoxid-Fibers und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung. |
-
1993
- 1993-11-01 CH CH03288/93A patent/CH686888A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-10-25 EP EP94116793A patent/EP0651067B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-25 AT AT94116793T patent/ATE191015T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-10-25 DE DE69423565T patent/DE69423565D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-10-28 JP JP6287242A patent/JPH07188803A/ja active Pending
- 1994-11-01 US US08/332,056 patent/US5682595A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5682595A (en) | 1997-10-28 |
JPH07188803A (ja) | 1995-07-25 |
EP0651067A2 (fr) | 1995-05-03 |
DE69423565D1 (de) | 2000-04-27 |
ATE191015T1 (de) | 2000-04-15 |
EP0651067A3 (fr) | 1996-12-18 |
CH686888A5 (fr) | 1996-07-31 |
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