EP0649181B1 - Antenne für tragbares Funkgerät, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Antenne und tragbares Funkgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne - Google Patents

Antenne für tragbares Funkgerät, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Antenne und tragbares Funkgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0649181B1
EP0649181B1 EP94402293A EP94402293A EP0649181B1 EP 0649181 B1 EP0649181 B1 EP 0649181B1 EP 94402293 A EP94402293 A EP 94402293A EP 94402293 A EP94402293 A EP 94402293A EP 0649181 B1 EP0649181 B1 EP 0649181B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
helix
whip
helical antenna
antenna according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94402293A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0649181A1 (de
Inventor
Jose Baro
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Publication of EP0649181A1 publication Critical patent/EP0649181A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H01Q1/244—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas extendable from a housing along a given path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna of the type for portable radio device, and in particular for radiotelephone, as well as a method of manufacturing a such an antenna and that a portable radio device comprising such an antenna.
  • This antenna is intended to transmit and receive radio signals.
  • extractable strands currently known are generally substantially cylindrical, so they occupy too much volume in the housing radiotelephone.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to create an antenna for a portable radio device, efficiency is increased compared to antennas of this type currently known.
  • Another object of the present invention is to achieve an antenna of the previous type which occupies a volume at inside the weakest wearable device possible.
  • Another object of the present invention is to make a previous type antenna in which the strand extractable as independent as possible from the housing associated radio device.
  • the present invention provides for this purpose an antenna of the type for portable radio device, according to claim 1.
  • the antenna 1 comprises a helical antenna 2 5 and an extractable strand 3.
  • the helical antenna 2 is partly housed in a recess 4 of a radiotelephone case 5, partially shown in Figure 1.
  • the housing 5 consists of a insulating material, possibly metallized, and has a shape substantially parallelepiped.
  • an antenna box 6 shown in broken lines whose base comes complete the recess 4 is used.
  • the helical antenna 2 is fully inserted in the antenna housing 6, and exceeds about three-quarters of its height beyond the housing 5 of the radiotelephone.
  • a mandrel support 7 made of an insulating material, substantially shaped cylindrical, on the outside surface of which has been deposited by a conventional metal deposition process, a propeller 8.
  • the pitch of the propeller 8 is variable and decreases from its base 8B to its apex 8A.
  • the width of the track electric constituting the propeller 8 is also variable and decreases from base 8B to top 8A.
  • the electrical length of the propeller 8 is substantially equal to half the average wavelength use.
  • the base 8B of the propeller 8, located at the base of the mandrel 7, is connected by means of a tongue interconnection 9 to a coaxial cable 10 supplying the helical antenna 2 located in the housing 5 of the radiotelephone and also connected to the transmitter / receiver of the latter (not shown).
  • a positioning ring 11 (shown in broken lines) made of an insulating material, intended to center and maintain the helical antenna 2.
  • the extractable strand 3 consists of a ribbon metal 12 with a very flat C-shaped section (see Figures 2 and 9), which we will describe as flat.
  • the length electrical tape 12 is approximately equal to half of the average wavelength of use. Ribbon 12 is in additionally inserted into a covering 13 made of an insulating material intended to protect it.
  • the extractable strand 3 comprises in addition a metal element 15 at its top 3A, this element 15 extending in a direction substantially orthogonal to the X axis of the propeller 8 (the ribbon 12 extends in a direction substantially parallel to the axis X).
  • the element 15 is also inserted into the covering 13, and it may or may not be electrically connected to the ribbon 12. will explain later its usefulness.
  • the extractable strand 3 can operate in two positions. In a first position (corresponding to that illustrated in Figure 1), it is almost entirely tucked into the antenna housing 6 and into a housing adapted 14 practiced in the housing 5 of the radiotelephone. In this position, antenna 1 is of the quarter wave type (i.e. it uses box 5 as a counterweight electric), and only the helical antenna 2 is then used to the transmission and reception of radio signals.
  • the walls of housing 14 are covered with metal 141 to constitute a shield for extractable strand 3 in retracted position.
  • the strand extractable 3 In a second position (not shown), the strand extractable 3 is fully deployed outside the antenna box 6. In this case there is a coupling capacitive between strand 3 and the top of the antenna helical 2, so the total height of the antenna 1 and its radiation resistance are increased. In this position of the extractable strand 3, the antenna 1 is still quarter wave type.
  • the lower end 13B of the covering 13 is frustoconical with its largest base diameter oriented towards the top of the antenna.
  • the end 13B abuts against the upper wall 14A of the housing 14.
  • a essential characteristic of the present invention resides in the fact that we use a helical antenna whose the propeller is of variable pitch, this pitch decreasing when we approaches the top of the helical antenna, that is to say as the theoretical current in a conventional helical antenna (i.e. pitch and constant width) of the same dimensions decreases.
  • this structure improves efficiency antenna 1 by ensuring better energy transfer, and on the other hand to increase the bandwidth of the antenna 1.
  • this structure makes it possible to establish in the helical antenna 2 a distribution substantially trapezoidal current. This increases the resistance of radiation of the antenna, and therefore its efficiency and its bandwidth.
  • the turns of propeller 8 are in contact with each other at vertex 8A, so that we get at vertex 8A a continuous metallic surface. So the top 8A is rendered capacitive, which provides the distribution substantially trapezoidal of the current and the advantages which result.
  • the turns of the propeller 8 constitute a tight spiraling without however to be in contact with each other. The capacity thus realized is made selfic, which increases the apparent value.
  • achieving a capacity at the top of the helical antenna 2 facilitates and improves the capacitive coupling and adaptation between the latter and the extractable strand 3.
  • variable pitch propeller makes it possible to obtain optimal adaptation and coupling conditions in two operating modes (strand retracted or deployed).
  • FIG. 6A very schematically, a helical antenna 62 with pitch and width constant, according to the prior art.
  • Curve 63 in Figure 6B represents the intensity of the current i as a function of the height h along the X axis of the helical antenna 62.
  • Figure 6C shows the diagram equivalent of antenna 62: this antenna is equivalent to one pure inductance 64.
  • FIG. 7A very schematically, a helical antenna 72 which could be used instead of the helical antenna 2 of FIG. 1.
  • the turns of antenna 72 are in contact with each other at top of the latter so as to constitute a continuous metallization.
  • Curve 73 of Figure 78 which represents the intensity of the current i as a function of the height h along the X axis, shows that the distribution of current tends towards a trapezoidal shape.
  • Figure 7C which represents the equivalent diagram of antenna 72, illustrates that the latter is equivalent to an inductance 74 in series with capacity 75.
  • FIG. 8A very schematic, a helical antenna 82 which could be used in instead of the helical antenna 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the turns of antenna 82 are in contact with each other others at the top of the latter so as to constitute continuous metallization, and tightened without being contact with each other immediately before to reach the top.
  • the rest of the propeller is not constant.
  • the curve 83 of FIG. 8B which represents the intensity of the current i as a function of the height h according to the X axis, shows that the current distribution tends to more and more (compared to Figure 7B) towards a form trapezoidal.
  • Figure 8C which shows the diagram equivalent of antenna 82, illustrates that the latter equivalent to a first inductance 84 (corresponding to the part of the propeller with constant pitch), in series with a second inductor 85 (corresponding to the part of tight pitch propeller) and with capacity 86 (corresponding at the top of the propeller where the turns are in contact with each other with the others).
  • the helical antenna 2 shown in Figure 1 illustrates the principles which have just been exposed. She is shown schematically in Figure 3A, and accompanied by FIG. 3B of the corresponding curve 33 representing the intensity of the current i as a function of the height according to the X axis. Note that the area between the curve 33 and the coordinate axes is further increased by relative to the surface corresponding to FIGS. 7B or 8B. This has the effect of increasing the radiation resistance and therefore the efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show the diagrams antenna 1 equivalents respectively when the strand extractable 3 is in the retracted position and when in deployed position.
  • Increasing the height of antenna 1 by deploying the extractable strand 3 improves, in a known manner, the efficiency of the antenna, by increasing its effective height and its radiation resistance.
  • the extractable strand 3 is not necessarily located outside the helical antenna 2; indeed, if the support mandrel is hollow, the strand extractable can be inside the mandrel 7, this which has the advantage of saving space additional.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 also show possible variants for the extractable strand 3.
  • Figure 10 shows a variant usable in place of the tape 12 of the extractable strand 3 of the Figures 1, 2 and 9 (element 15 has not been shown in figure 10).
  • metallic tape 12 instead of using metallic tape 12, uses a metallic conductive line 1012 deposited from so as to form a crenellated line on a film in one insulating material constituting part of the covering 13.
  • the line 1012 is embedded in the covering 13.
  • Such a structure shortens the effective length of the strand extractable 3, while maintaining an electrical length equal to half the wavelength. This allows decrease the space occupied by the extractable strand 3 to inside of the radiotelephone case 5.
  • a metallic wire can be used 1112 having a crushed spring structure producing a tile effect without contact between the turns.
  • the spring 1112 is also embedded in a coating 13 made of an insulating material, and the advantages it provides are identical to those obtained with line 1012.
  • All these structures for the extractable strand 3 (ribbon 12, line 1012, spring 1112) reduce more or less the size of the extractable strand 3 in the radiotelephone case 5, which leaves more space for other essential elements of the latter.
  • the insulating material constituting the covering 13 will be chosen at both to give strand 3 flexibility and to ensure sufficient mechanical strength for protect the metal part it contains.
  • the upper metal part of strand 3, located immediately before the capacitive element 15, is connected to this last by an inductive structure 16. This allows improve the efficiency in the deployed position of the strand extractable 3.
  • the helical antenna 2 as well as all the variants which have been described, can be made by metallic deposition on a support mandrel 7.
  • the propeller can thus be obtained according to any method classic (metallization then screen printing, metallization then masking and photolithography, according to the method described in patent application EP-0 465 658, etc.).
  • the propeller can be made on the external surface or internal of a mandrel made of an insulating material (when this mandrel is tubular).
  • a mandrel made of an insulating material (when this mandrel is tubular).
  • the metallization will be covered with a protective coating (not shown).
  • the thickness of the mandrel wall preferably be low, to facilitate coupling possible capacitive with an extractable strand. Moreover, he it may be necessary to ensure the rigidity of the antenna helical thus obtained by inserting into the mandrel a any reinforcement piece of insulating material.
  • the proposed method of making propeller 8 by metallization is advantageous because it makes the very compact helical antenna 2, which allows this last to occupy as little space as possible inside of the radiotelephone case 5.
  • the reproducibility of the propeller thus produced is better compared to using a wound wire.
  • the flexible film 20 can be constituted in particular from Kapton, Mylar or Duroid (registered trademarks).
  • Her form constitutes the developed form of the final form that we want to give to the helical antenna.
  • Film 20 has metallized vias for this purpose 22, and on its face opposite to that comprising the pattern 21, around the metallized vias 22, metallized pellets 23 (see figure 14B) intended to ensure continuity of the whole.
  • the film 20 is assembled by welding on a mandrel (not shown) of desired shape (see figure 14B).
  • This method has the advantage of being simpler work (depositing on a flat surface is more simple to realize that depositing on a surface of revolution), and allow to give to the antenna helical any shape (frustoconical, cylindrical, of rectangular section, etc ).
  • the film 20 has a "tab" at its upper part 24 rectangular, with an area smaller than that of film 20, on which also shows a metallization pattern 25 comprising a full central part 26, surrounded by a spiraling 27.
  • This tab 24 is intended to be folded down right angle when assembling film 20 on a form rectangular with rounded corners.
  • the central part full 26 will then constitute the capacitive apex of the antenna helical, and spiraling the high inductance part.
  • the tab 24 can be entirely metallized by solid metallization.
  • the lower recess 28 of the film 20 will serve to make the interconnection tab with the coaxial cable Power.
  • All the variants which have just been described for the antenna according to the invention comprise a supply by coaxial cable, this coaxial cable being connected on the one hand to the helical antenna, and on the other hand the radiotelephone transmitter / receiver with which the antenna according to the invention is related.
  • the propeller 138 has two portions 138A and 138B.
  • the 138A portion is consisting of a 1381 metallization, for example on the outer surface of the mandrel 7, of width and pitch variable so as to achieve a capacitive peak and a high inductance, in the same way as in figure 1.
  • the part 138B includes a metallization 1382 on the surface exterior extending metallization 1381 but having a constant pitch and width, and metallization corresponding 1383 on the inner surface of the mandrel 7 (tubular) opposite metallization 1382 and wider than the latter.
  • the electrical length of the portion 138A is about a quarter of the wavelength, as is that of portion 138B.
  • the lower part of the helical antenna 132 serves thus both of radiating element (metallizations 1381 and 1382) and power line (1382 and 1383), the metallization 1383 corresponding to the ground conductor, that is to say to the external conductor of the coaxial supply, and the metallization 1382 corresponding to the core of the supply coaxial (when metallization 1381-1382 is located on the inner surface of the mandrel 7, the metallization 1383 is then of course at outside).
  • the manufacturing method of the helical antenna according to Figures 13A and 13B can be one of the methods previously described. You can also make the antenna 132 by winding, although this is much less easy.
  • an antenna according to the invention does not does not necessarily have an extractable strand. Indeed, such a strand is only necessary to allow the antenna to function whatever the conditions, and a such specification is not always formulated.
  • Using a metallization method to manufacturing the helical antenna according to the invention allows besides easily making circuits as constants distributed or located at the top of the antenna, or additional impedance correction elements.
  • the essential characteristic of the invention is to produce a variable pitch propeller and decreasing towards the top of the helical antenna, with a wire whose width decreases towards its top.

Claims (23)

  1. Antenne (1) für tragbares Funkgerät, insbesondere mit einer Spiralantenne (2), die an ihrem Fußpunkt an einen Sende-Empfänger gekoppelt ist, wobei die Steigung der Wendel (8) aus einem leitenden Material, das die genannte Spiralantenne (2) darstellt, je nach Höhe der Wendel variabel ist, und vom Fußpunkt (8B) der genannten Spiralantenne bis zu ihrer Spitze (8A) abnimmt, und die elektrische Länge der Wendel (8) im wesentlichen gleich der Hälfte der Wellenlänge ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wendel (8) aus einem Draht aus leitendem Material besteht, dessen Breite von dem Fußpunkt der Spiralantenne bis zu ihrer Spitze abnimmt.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Windungen der Wendel (8) an der Spitze der Spiralantenne (2) derart miteinander in Berührung stehen, dass eine kontinuierliche Fläche an leitendem Material entsteht, so dass die Spitze (8A) kapazitiv ist.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Windungen der Wendel unmittelbar vor der kapazitiven Spitze (8A) sehr eng sind, ohne sich dabei zu berühren, so dass eine höhere Induktivität erzeugt wird, als sie in der restlichen Wendel (8) herrscht.
  4. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein unterer Teil der Wendel (8) eine konstante Steigung besitzt.
  5. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wendel an ihrer Spitze einen Stromkreis aus nicht stationären oder eingegrenzten Leitungskonstanten besitzt.
  6. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wendel (138) an einer Stelle ein Koaxialelement (138B) mit einem zentralen Kern (1382) und einem Außenleiter (1383) aufweist, wobei das Koaxialelement (138B) von dem Fußpunkt der Wendel (138) ausgeht und eine elektrische Länge nahezu gleich einem Viertel der Wellenlänge hat, der Kern (1382) sich bis zur Spitze der Wendel (1381) hin verlängert und das Koaxialelement (138B) mit dem Koaxial-Anschlusskabel der Spiralantenne (132) verbunden ist.
  7. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie neben der Spiralantenne eine ausziehbare Halbwellen-Litze (3) besitzt, die an dem tragbaren Funkgerät montiert ist und kapazitiv an die Spiralanienne (2) gekoppelt werden kann, wenn sie ausgefahren ist, und von der Spiralantenne (2) abgekoppelt werden kann, wenn sie eingezogen bzw. eingefahren ist. wobei die Richtung der Litze (3) im wesentlichen parallel zur Achse (X) der Wendel (8) verläuft.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ausziehbare Litze (3) in ihrem oberen Teil (3A) vor dem Litzenende (3) ein kurzes Ende (15) aus leitendem Material aufweist.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das metallische Ende (15) orthogonal zur Richtung der Litze (3) erstreckt und durch einen induktiven Teil (16) mit der Litze elektrisch verbunden ist, wobei das Ganze in einen Überzug aus Isoliermaterial (13) eingebettet ist.
  10. Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 7 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Litze (3) aus einem Band (12) aus leitendem Material mit abgeflachtem Querschnitt besteht und in einen Überzug aus Isoliermaterial (13) eingebettet ist.
  11. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Litze (3) aus einer weichelastischen, dünnen Isoliermaterialschicht (13) besteht, in die eine stromführende Leitung mit gezackter Struktur (1012) eingebettet ist.
  12. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Litze (3) aus einer weichelastischen, dünnen Isoliermaterialschicht (13) besteht, in die ein stromführender Leiter (1112) in Form einer flachgedrückten Feder eingebettet ist.
  13. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ausziehbare Litze (3) im Innern der Wendel (8). die die Spiralantenne (2) bildet. angeordnet ist.
  14. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese ausziehbare Litze (3) außen an der Wendel (8). die die Spiralantenne (2) bildet, angeordnet ist.
  15. Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ausziehbare Litze (3) in eingezogener Position innerhalb des Funkgerätes von einem Abschirmblech aus Metall (141) vollständig umgeben ist.
  16. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Antenne nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Wendel (8) durch einen Metallüberzug auf der Außenfläche eines Auflagedorns (7) aus Isoliermaterial erhält.
  17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Metallüberzug mit einer Schutzschicht überzogen ist.
  18. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Wendel durch einen Metallüberzug auf der Innenfläche eines röhrenförmigen Auflagedorns aus Isoliermaterial erhält.
  19. Verfahren nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auflagedorn eine geringe Stärke hat.
  20. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Antenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Wendel (8) durch das Anbringen von Metallstegen (21) an einer nahezu ebenen, weichelastischen, dünnen Schicht erhält, die der Form entspricht, die aus der endgültigen Form, die die Wendel erhalten soll, entwickelt wird, anschließend Zusammenfügung der beiden einander gegenüberliegenden Enden (20C, 20D) der weichelastischen, dünnen Schicht (20) durch Schweißen, so dass man eine Spiralform der Metallstege und einen Stromdurchgang erhält.
  21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 20. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dorn zylindrisch, kegelstumpfartig oder quaderförmig ist und abgerundete Kanten hat.
  22. Tragbares Funkgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Antenne (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 besitzt, wobei diese Spiralantenne (2) im oberen Teil eines Gehäuses (5), das zu diesem tragbaren Funkgerät gehört, angeordnet ist.
  23. Tragbares Funkgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Antenne (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 15 besitzt, wobei diese Spiralantenne (2) im oberen Teil eines Gehäuses (5), das zu diesem tragbaren Funkgerät gehört, angeordnet ist, und die ausziehbare Litze (3) sich in eingezogener Position in einer Aufnahme (14), die zu dem Gehäuse (5) gehört, befindet und im oberen Teil des Gehäuses (5) erscheint. wenn sie ausgefahren ist.
EP94402293A 1993-10-14 1994-10-12 Antenne für tragbares Funkgerät, Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Antenne und tragbares Funkgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne Expired - Lifetime EP0649181B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9312226 1993-10-14
FR9312226A FR2711277B1 (fr) 1993-10-14 1993-10-14 Antenne du type pour dispositif radio portable, procédé de fabrication d'une telle antenne et dispositif radio portable comportant une telle antenne.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0649181A1 EP0649181A1 (de) 1995-04-19
EP0649181B1 true EP0649181B1 (de) 2003-04-23

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Country Link
US (1) US5668559A (de)
EP (1) EP0649181B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH07176929A (de)
AT (1) ATE238614T1 (de)
AU (1) AU683907B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2118082A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69432548T2 (de)
FI (1) FI944798A (de)
FR (1) FR2711277B1 (de)
NZ (1) NZ264417A (de)

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FR2711277B1 (fr) 1995-11-10
EP0649181A1 (de) 1995-04-19
NZ264417A (en) 1996-10-28
FR2711277A1 (fr) 1995-04-21
CA2118082A1 (fr) 1995-04-15
AU683907B2 (en) 1997-11-27
FI944798A0 (fi) 1994-10-12
JPH07176929A (ja) 1995-07-14
US5668559A (en) 1997-09-16
DE69432548T2 (de) 2004-03-04
FI944798A (fi) 1995-04-15
ATE238614T1 (de) 2003-05-15
AU7291794A (en) 1995-05-04
DE69432548D1 (de) 2003-05-28

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