Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
  • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
  • G10D9/02—Mouthpieces; Reeds; Ligatures
  • G10D9/035—Reeds

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sound-generating sheet for wind instruments made of fiber-reinforced plastic.
• tone-generating sheet also referred to as the tongue
• these instruments have a mouthpiece to which the blade is attached in a suitable manner, for example by means of a ligature.
• double blades for example oboes and bassoons.
• cane wood is used to produce such exciting leaves.
• Wooden leaves have the disadvantage that their durability is very limited and that their production is very complex.
• each wooden sheet has to be imported: Every time the wooden sheet is attached to the mouthpiece of the instrument, so not only when an unused new sheet is used for the first time, it needs to be imported. time of about half an hour. During this time, the playing properties of the wood sheet change due to the absorption of moisture. The natural material is also very sensitive. In particular in the area of the blade tip, cracks often occur, so that the blade becomes unusable.
• the object of the invention to provide a sound-generating sheet for wind instruments made of fiber-reinforced plastic, the sound qualities of which are substantially improved, the playing properties of which are very close to those of wooden sheets and the surface structure of which is very pleasant for the user.
• This object is achieved in a sound-generating sheet according to the preamble of claim 1 with the help of the features mentioned in this claim.
• the fact that the plastic base substance or matrix has at least one layer which has fiber strands running parallel to one another in one direction and in the longitudinal direction, of which individual material properties differ from the other strands to dampen the vibrations of the sheet the toner sheet has a very good sound, while its durability is much better than that of conventional plastic and wooden sheets.
• An exemplary embodiment of a sheet is preferred in which individual of the unidirectional fiber strands comprise hollow fibers. These have proven particularly useful in influencing the sound properties of the toner-stimulating sheet.
• a blank comprising hollow fibers for a sheet can be processed very easily.
• the layer of unidirectional fiber strands is designed as a carbon fiber scrim.
• a layer is relatively easy to manufacture.
• a sheet designed in this way is characterized by particularly good sound qualities.
• the toner-stimulating sheet in addition to a carrier layer, the fibers of which preferably run at right angles to one another, at least one supporting layer is layer is provided, which in turn has fibers, the fibers of which preferably run at right angles to one another and are arranged offset to the fibers of the carrier layer. Due to this structure, the sheet has a high stability and thus constant sound properties. The wear that occurs during use is also kept very low. In particular in the area of the front edge of the sheet — the sheet tip — cracks are avoided due to the staggered fibers of the support and carrier layers.
• an embodiment of the sheet is particularly preferred in which the carrier and / or support layers are arranged on the underside thereof and in which the layer with unidirectional fiber strands lies on these layers.
• the underside of the blade is thus very stable and torsionally rigid, so that a good support on the mouthpiece of the wind instrument is ensured.
• the sound quality of the sheet is positively influenced by the position of unidirectional fiber strands lying over the support or stabilization layer.
• an exemplary embodiment of a clay-producing sheet is particularly preferred, in which there are at least two layers in the area of the edge of the sheet tip, the parting plane of which is arranged such that it is arranged approximately in the middle between the top and bottom of the sheet edge is. This ensures that in the particularly sensitive edge area, which is often tears, at least two layers are present, the layers of which each result in the top and bottom of the leaf tip. The fibers of the resulting layers are offset or rotated relative to one another, so that tearing of the edge of the tongue can be prevented with particularly high security.
• Figure 1 shows schematically a mouthpiece of a wind instrument in side view
• Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section through the front part of a sheet
• Figure 3 is a plan view of the front area of a sheet
• FIG. 4 shows a cross section through the rear area of a sheet.
• Sound-generating sheets can be used for various types of wind instruments, in particular for saxophones and clarinets.
• one sheet is attached to the mouthpiece of the instrument in such a way that an opening is almost closed there, the sheet then in its rear region, that is to say in the region of its shaft with a suitable tensioning device, preferably a ligature, is attached to the mouthpiece in such a way that the front end facing the player's mouth, the tip of the blade, can swing freely over the opening in the mouthpiece.
• a suitable tensioning device preferably a ligature
• Sound-generating sheets of the type described below can also be used in wind instruments which have a double sheet, for example in oboes and bassoons.
• two sound-generating blades are arranged opposite one another in such a way that when the blades are blown on, an air column starts to vibrate, so that an air column vibrates inside the wind instrument, the length of which is obtained by opening and closing the openings provided in the wind instrument can be varied so that tones of different heights are produced.
• FIG. 1 shows a wind instrument 1 in side view, in which a toner-generating sheet 7 is clamped in the area of a mouthpiece 3 by means of a ligature 5 serving as a tensioning device, so that the sheet is fixed in the area of its shaft 9 is pressed against the mouthpiece 3 of the wind instrument 1, while the opposite end, the blade tip 11 of the blade 7, can swing over an opening in the mouthpiece 3 when the wind instrument is played.
• a toner-generating sheet 7 is clamped in the area of a mouthpiece 3 by means of a ligature 5 serving as a tensioning device, so that the sheet is fixed in the area of its shaft 9 is pressed against the mouthpiece 3 of the wind instrument 1, while the opposite end, the blade tip 11 of the blade 7, can swing over an opening in the mouthpiece 3 when the wind instrument is played.
• the ligature interacts, for example, with a ring spanning the mouthpiece 3, in the underside of which two clamping screws 13 are used a thread can be screwed in; these tighten the ring so that the shaft 9 of the blade 7 is pressed against the underside of the mouthpiece 3.
• the sheet can thus be held by reducing the circumference of the ring or by the direct action of the screws.
• the design of the mouthpiece depends on the type of wind instrument and, if appropriate, also on its pitch.
• FIG. 2 shows a greatly enlarged longitudinal section through a toner-stimulating sheet 7, as shown in FIG. 1.
• the sectional view makes it clear that, in the embodiment shown here, two layers 17 and 19 are present on the underside 15 of the blade 7 closing the opening in the mouthpiece 3 shown in FIG. 1, two layers 17 and 19 of which the lower layer 17 serves as a carrier layer and the one above it is referred to as the support layer 19.
• the dividing plane 21 between the carrier and the support layer is indicated by a dashed line.
• the support layer 17 runs together with the support layer 19 parallel to the underside 15 of the sheet 7.
• the support layer 17 and the support layer 19 there are two layers, namely the support layer 17 and the support layer 19, the parting plane 21 of which is arranged such that it lies approximately halfway between the Bottom 15 and the top 25 of the blade tip is located.
• a carrier layer 17 and a support layer 19 are provided.
• the number of these layers can be adapted to the size of the sheet and can also be determined as a function of the desired sound quality.
• the top view of the front end of the blade 7 shown in FIG. 3 shows that the damping layers 29 and 27 end at a distance from the edge 23 of the blade tip 11 and that the support layer 19 is visible in the foremost region of the blade 7.
• the — although also schematic — representation of the sheet 7 in FIG. 3 shows that the damping layers have unidirectional fiber strands running approximately in the longitudinal direction of the sheet 7.
• a hatching indicates that individual fiber strands of the damping layers 29 and 27 consist of a different material.
• hollow fiber layers are inside the individual damping layers.
• strands 33 indicated.
• fiber strands made of glass or aramid fibers but micro tubes made of flexible ceramic or hollow glass fibers can also be used, which have suitable damping properties.
• the individual layers 27 and 29 end at a greater and greater distance from the edge 23 of the tongue Leaf tip 11, the distance between the upper layers and the edge 23 being greater than that of the bottom layer 27. That is to say, the fiber strands running in one direction of the damping layer 27 lying directly on the support layer 19 extend almost to the front edge 23 the blade tip 11.
• the thickness gradient shown in FIG. 2 can be selected to a greater or lesser extent, so that the individual damping layers are correspondingly at a more or less large distance from the front Edge 23 of sheet 7 ends.
• a damping layer 35 is applied in the area adjoining the tip of the blade on the top of the blade in this embodiment, the width of which is selected here so that its Long sides do not reach all the way to the lateral longitudinal edge of the leaf and their rear transverse side is approximately triangular and the front transverse side pointing towards the leaf tip is approximately trapezoidal.
• the shape and extent of the damping layer 35 are in turn varied depending on the size of the sheet and the desired sound qualities. It is also possible to introduce the damping layer between two layers, but then the front end of the damping layer 35, which points in the direction of the edge 23 of the tongue 11, can be removed with the adjacent layers, so that the damping layer with the second layer separating layer between the two adjacent layers ends.
• the damping layer is applied to the top of the sheet, preferably is glued on, and is designed as a film, in particular as a self-adhesive film.
• These stabilizing strands can in turn comprise hollow fibers, ara id fibers, kevlar fibers, carbon fibers and / or also glass fibers.
• the strands serve for additional stabilization of the individual layers or of the toner-generating sheet 7.
• These transverse fibers are softer than the fibers of the longitudinal direction oriented carbon fiber fabric, so that the sheet is stiffer in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction and thus has the typical properties of a sheet of cane.
• the cross fibers reduce the risk of tearing the sheet, their thickness and number also determine the damping properties of the sheet.
• FIG. 1 a cross section through the region of the shaft 9 of a blade 7 is shown in a highly schematic manner in FIG. It can be seen that the underside 15 of the sheet 7 is flat and that the two lowest layers, the carrier layer 17 and the support layer 19, as well as their parting plane 21, run parallel to the underside 15 of the sheet 7.
• the above-mentioned damping layers 27 and 29 are located above the carrier or support layer.
• a cover layer 37 can also be provided here in the region of the shaft 9.
• the sectional view shows that the top of the blade 7 has a curvature in the region of the shaft 9. It is possible that the top of the cover layer 37 follows the curvature of the rest of the sheet or is flat. With a planar configuration of the upper side of the cover layer 37, there is a particularly good contact surface for the tensioning screws 13 of the ligature 5 (see FIG. 1). A blade 7 formed in this way can therefore be particularly securely attached to the mouthpiece of a wind instrument.
• the sheet can also be made in another way, for example by means of a textile tape on the mouth. piece of an instrument are attached, the design of the shaft 9 being adaptable to the fastening means.
• the toner-generating sheet 7 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 consists of plastic.
• Several fiber layers are integrated in a plastic aces or atrix made of, for example, epoxy resin or phenolic resin.
• the base of the sheet 7 forms a carrier layer 17 which has fiber strands running at an angle of 90 ° to one another, which can only be placed one above the other or interwoven with one another.
• the angle between the fiber strands can also be chosen to deviate from 90 °.
• several carrier layers can also be used.
• the fiber bundles of the carrier layer preferably consist of carbon fibers. For example, each layer is 12/100 mm thick. The width of a fiber bundle may be approximately 1 mm.
• the thickness of the toner-stimulating sheet 7 is approximately 1/10 mm in the region of the edge 23 of the sheet tip 11.
• the support and support layers are arranged in such a way that at least one support and support layer is present, the parting plane 21 of which is arranged approximately in the middle of the edge of the sheet, as was indicated in FIG. 2.
• the carrier 'and support layers several layers of unidirectionally extending, aligned in the longitudinal direction of the sheet Faser ⁇ strands, which are preferably formed as carbon fiber scrim.
• Individual fiber strands of the scrim are replaced by hollow fibers, for example osmosis fiber strands. Fibers that are used in dialysis can also be used. If necessary, different types of hollow fibers are combined. It is essential that these fiber strands introduced into the scrim have damping properties, on the basis of which the sound of the sheet can be influenced.
• Each hollow fiber strand can have, for example, 30 or approximately 120 hollow fibers, depending on the thickness and properties of the individual fibers, but the number and width of the hollow fiber strands is variable, and the number of individual fibers provided within these strands is also variable.
• the hollow fiber strands are designed to be as wide as the fiber strands of the carbon fiber scrim.
• the inner diameter of the hollow fibers in a preferred embodiment with optimal sound properties is 20 ⁇ m, the outer diameter is 40 ⁇ m. These dimensions can be adapted to the desired sound and damping properties.
• the damping of the movement of the sound-generating blade and thus its sound can be influenced by the number of hollow fiber strands.
• Carbon fiber and carbon fiber strands are preferably selected in a ratio of 1: 1.
• the carbon / hollow fiber fabric can be stabilized with 22 TEX by means of very fine, long-distance glass fibers.
• the clay-producing sheet is produced in that the individual carrier, support and damping layers are embedded one above the other in the plastic matrix.
• the base body can be heated to harden the plastic mass. Curing can also be done under pressure. The manufacture of fiber composite materials and thus the Initial shape or the base body of the toner-stimulating sheet is known.
• the top layer 37 mentioned in FIG. 4 can also be applied as the top layer, which in turn can represent a carbon fiber fabric, the fiber bundles of which in turn run at an angle of approximately 90 ° to one another.
• the angle of these fiber strands can also be varied, and it is also possible to provide a plurality of covering layers lying one above the other.
• the cover layer 37 preferably consists of the same number of layers as the carrier and support layers. It is used exclusively to establish symmetry so that the blank does not warp after the matrix has hardened.
• the blade tip is worked out by a removal process, for example by grinding, in that the material of the blank is removed in the region of the so-called cut-out, so that the thickness of the blade 7 starting from the shaft 9 to the front Edge 23 of the blade tip 11 decreases more or less continuously.
• the course of the thickness which results, for example, from the longitudinal section according to FIG. 2, can be selected as in the case of conventional sound-generating sheets and adapted to the desired sound properties.
• the surface curvature can be worked out on the top 25 in the area of the shaft 9. Before this, however, in order to give the blank of the blade 7 an optimal contact surface for further processing, the underside 15 is ground flat.
• a damping layer 35 can be applied in the region of the top of the blade tip.
• the material of this layer can be freely selected depending on the desired sound qualities.
• a self-adhesive plastic film can be applied.
• the shape of the damping layer 35 can again be selected depending on the size and the sound qualities of the toner-generating sheet. By varying the size and arrangement of the damping position, the sound-producing sheet can be given characteristic sound qualities, as the individual player desires.
• the hollow fibers which may also consist of aramide
• non-hollow aramid fibers can also be introduced into the damping layers. However, this results in a somewhat rougher surface of the sheet.
• toner-producing sheets with hollow fibers in the damping layers can be partially compensated for by a larger damping layer.
• the top or the surface of the sheet can be provided with a lacquer layer, so that a smooth outer surface of the sheet is obtained.
• Schell-Lack has proven particularly successful.
• a toner-generating sheet for an alto saxophone an embodiment in which approximately 7 to 10 damping layers, a support layer and a carrier layer have been provided has proven successful.
• the thickness of this blade in the area of the shaft 9 is approximately 1.7 mm.
• the number of layers must be increased in the case of tone-producing sheets for tenor, baritone and bass saxophones, since in this case the sheet must be thicker. With soprano and soprano saxophones, the thickness of the sheet must be reduced accordingly.
• the underside 15 of the blade 7 is ground flat, with the carrier layer 17 being partially removed.
• the top of the support layer 19 is also removed in the region of the edge 23 by the removal or grinding process, so that the parting plane 21 between the support and support layer is approximately in the middle between the top 25 and bottom 15 of the Blade tip 11 comes to rest.
• the edge 23 of the blade tip 11 is given a special stability, so that cracks can be avoided with high certainty here.
• microballoons can be introduced into the resin of the plastic matrix in one or more layers. It is also possible to provide only some areas of the layers with such microballoons.
• the materials for the microballoons for example inorganic silicates or glass, cork, fiber materials or the like - are used depending on the desired properties of the sheet. chooses. A cork size of 0.01 to 0.018 mm has proven particularly useful.
• Other resin fillers such as talcum powder, wood flour, glass fiber chips, cotton flakes, aluminum powder and the like can also be selected to set the desired damping properties.
• the sound and damping properties of a sheet can also be influenced by the fact that the resin of the plastic matrix is provided with a flexibilizer, with the introduction of the flexibilizer in one or more layers or even in some areas of one or more layers .
• the properties of the sheet can moreover be influenced by the fact that resins, lacquers and / or adhesives are subsequently applied to the top and / or bottom of the sheet surface.
• a continuous layer can be applied or only individual areas of the top or bottom of the sheet can be wetted.
• Resin solutions containing ethyl methacrylate have proven particularly useful in the production of the plastic matrix, to which, for example, di-benzoyl peroxide is added as a hardener and N, N-diethanol-P-toluidine as an activator. It is also possible to add pigments and / or or to add fillers to reduce the density, for example microballoons made of inorganic silicon to add katen or fibrous or powdery substances.
• the lowermost layers of the sheet, the support layer and the support layer are made undamped. But here too, to influence the sound and damping properties, flexibilizers can be introduced and / or other additives, microballoons or fibrous fillers can be added. These can vary from layer to layer and may also only be introduced in some areas. If the damping layers have sufficient inherent stability, the support and / or support layer can also be dispensed with.
• parting plane between the support and carrier layers should be arranged as far as possible in the middle of the outermost edge of the sheet 7.
• a carbon fiber fleece which has no defined fiber orientation.
• the grinding process in the area of the blade tip can be carried out independently of any parting plane, so that the manufacture of the blade is simplified.
• the higher fiber content of the fleece also results in increased stability and tear resistance of the sheet.
• the plastic matrix of the carbon fiber fleece can be provided with a resin to adjust the damping be, which is characterized by increased damping properties.
• the lower layers of the sheet can alternatively be other layers than hybrid fabric, which is characterized by the fact that carbon fibers are used in one fiber direction, while in another fiber direction, any one with the first direction Can include angles, aramid and / or glass fibers can be used. Particularly good sound properties have been found when using carbon fibers for the longitudinal fibers of the sheet.
• the use of carbon fibers impregnated with resin has proven itself, which are pressed under pressure — possibly also under the influence of heat — into the shape of a blank or a sheet. In the latter case, grinding work can be omitted or at least greatly reduced.
• the material of the sheet is characterized by a fiber content of 40% to 60%, preferably 50%.
• the use of hollow fibers, the wall of which is porous and the material of which absorbs moisture, has proven particularly useful.
• carbon, aramid and / or glass fibers can be used in all layers of the sheet.
• the toner-stimulating leaf described here is characterized by a very long shelf life. Due to the particularly flat underside, which cannot swell when playing, can be very Achieve consistent sound quality even after long use of the sheet, moreover, it is not necessary to import the sheet at the start of use. In the case of wood leaves, a certain swelling process of the wood fibers was required before the leaf had achieved the desired sound properties. This is not possible with the sound-generating sheet of the type described here and is also not necessary. The desired sound properties are achieved the first time the sheet is played.

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• 1992
  • 1992-05-04 DE DE4214336A patent/DE4214336C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1993
  • 1993-04-24 US US08/331,612 patent/US5542331A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-04-24 EP EP93911503A patent/EP0639291B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1993-04-24 JP JP5518896A patent/JPH08504039A/ja active Pending
  • 1993-04-24 WO PCT/EP1993/000996 patent/WO1993022761A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1993-04-24 AT AT93911503T patent/ATE140551T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

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