Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
  • A61P11/08—Bronchodilators

Definitions

• the present invention relates to novel 2,2-dial yl- and 2, 2-dialkyl-3, 4-dihydro-3-hydroxy- -2H-l-benzopyrans and salts, esters and N-oxides thereof and to processes for their production, as well as to their use as pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.
• Alkyl groups and moieties of compounds as defined under 1. above may be branched or straight chain. Preferred significances for substituents at the 2-position of the benzopyran nucleus as well as at the 2 and/or 3 position of the pyridinyl group are as set forth below in relation to formula I for R 6 and R 7 , and R and R .
• compounds of the present invention e.g. as defined under 1 above, have potassium (K + ) channel opening activity [see e.g. Cook et al., "Potassium Channels: Structure, Classification, Function and Therapeutic Potential", ed. N.S.Cook, Ellis Horwood, Chichester (1990), p.p. 181-255].
• Benzopyran derivatives which are carboxamido-substituted at the 4-position, having K + -channel opening activity are extensively described in the art and comprise a substantial and recognisable compound class.
• the 4-carboxamido moiety in the compounds of the invention may comprise any of those known and described in the art in relation to K + -channel opening benzopyrans, including N-substituted, for example cyclic, carboxamido moieties.
• Preferred carboxamido moieties in relation to the compounds of the invention are those of the formula -N(R 9 )-CORio as defined below.
• benzopyran nucleus of compounds defined under 1 may bear substituents in addition to those specifically defined.
• they may, for example, be 7-C ⁇ '_ 5 alkyl substituted, especially 7-methyl substituted, e.g. as hereinafter indicated in relation to formula I.
• Ri and R 2 are independently, hydrogen, C ⁇ _salkyl,
• Ci_ 5 alkoxyalkyl
• R 3 is a group of formula -N(R 9 )-C ⁇ R ⁇ o wherein R 9 is hydrogen and R ⁇ 0 is pyridyl or R 9 and Rio together are 1,3-butadienylene or represent a group of formula -(CH 2 ) n - or -(CH 2 ) m — - in which n is an integer of from 3 to 5 ⁇ inclusive and m is 1 or 2,
• R 4 is hydrogen and R 5 is hydroxy in the trans position with respect to R 3 , or
• R 4 and R 5 together represent an additional bond as indicated by the dotted line
• R_ and R are, independently, C ⁇ _salkyl
• R 8 is hydrogen or C ⁇ _salkyl, or N-oxide thereof; or physiologically-hydrolysable and -acceptable ester of such a compound or N-oxide, or acid addition or quarternary ammonium salt of such a compound, N-oxide or ester.
• Alkyl groups as Ri , R 2 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 , as well as alkyl moieties of hydroxyalkyl and alkoxyalkyl groups as R and R 2 may be branched or straight chain.
• Alkoxyalkyl groups are preferably (Ci_ 4 alkoxy) -methyl, in particular methoxymethyl.
• Preferred hydroxyalkyl groups are hydroxymethyl.
• R 6 and R 7 are both preferably methyl.
• R 8 is preferably hydrogen or methyl, most preferably hydrogen.
• R x has any of the meanings given above in relation to formula I and R 2 is hydrogen or C ⁇ _ 5 alkyl (especially methyl), preferably hydrogen.
• R 9 is hydrogen and Rio is pyridyl (especially 3-pyridyl) or R 9 and Rio together are 1, 3-butadienylene, trimethylene or tetramethylene. Most preferably R 9 and Rio together are tetramethylene.
• R 4 is hydrogen and R 5 is hydroxy.
• Benzopyrans of the invention for example compounds of formula I, form N-oxides, e.g. at the nitrogen atom of the 6-pyridinyl group. Such N-oxides have comparable activity (as hereinafter described) and tolerability to the parent compounds and also form part of the present invention.
• physiologically-hydrolysable and -acceptable ester as used herein is meant an ester in which a hydroxy group (e.g., in relation to formula I, hydroxy groups R 5 and/or the hydroxy moiety of any hydroxyalkyl group present as Ri and/or R 2 ) is esterified and which is hydrolysable under physiological conditions to yield an acid which is itself physiologically tolerable at doses to be administered.
• esters are pro-drug forms of conventional type and have comparable activity and tolerability to the parent compounds. Examples of such esters include, e.g. acetates.
• Acid addition salts e.g. of compounds of formula I, their N-oxides and defined esters thereof, include salts with both inorganic and organic acids. Such salts also have comparable activity to the free compounds, N-oxides and esters.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts for pharmaceutical use in accordance with the present invention as hereinafter described include e.g. hydrochloric, sulphuric and fumaric acid salts.
• Quarternary ammonium salts e.g. of compounds of formula I, their N-oxides and defined esters thereof, include e.g. salts with organo-halides, e.g. alkyl halides.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable quarternary ammonium salts for pharmaceutical use in accordance with the present invention include e.g. such salts with methyl iodide.
• ester forms as aforesaid are generally less preferred.
• the present invention also provides:
• Ri , R 2 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 have the meanings for formula I above, with an alkali metal salt of a carboxamide, for example a compound of formula III
• R 9 and Rio have the meanings given for formula I above and M + is a lithium, sodium or potassium ion; or ) acylating and, when required, alkylating the amino group of a 2,2-di (C ⁇ _ 5 alkyl)- or trans-2, 2-di (Ci_ 5 alkyl) - -3, 4-dihydro-3-hydroxy- -4-amino-6- (pyridin-4-yl) - 2H-l-benzopyran wherein the pyridin-4-yl group is substituted at the 2- and/or 3-position by one or two members selected from the group comprising C ⁇ _ 5 alkyl, Ci_ 5 hydroxyalkyl and Ci_ 5 (alkoxyalkyl) , for example, reacting a compound of formula IV
• R'i 0 is pyridyl and X 1 and X 2 are leaving groups
• Process step i 1 ) above may be carried out in accordance with methods known in the art, for example by reaction at ambient temperatures to reflux in the presence of an inert solvent or diluent such as tetrahydrofuran or dimethylsulfoxide.
• an inert solvent or diluent such as tetrahydrofuran or dimethylsulfoxide.
• the required alkali metal salt e.g. compound of formula III
• the required alkali metal salt e.g. compound of formula III
• the required alkali metal salt e.g. compound of formula III
• the required alkali metal salt e.g. compound of formula III
• the required alkali metal salt e.g. compound of formula III
• the required alkali metal salt e.g. compound of formula III
• benzopyrans and dihydro-benzopyrans of the invention may be obtained, e.g. as illustrated in Examples 11 and 12 hereinafter.
• Use of lithium salts leads primarily or exclusively to
• Process step i 2 may also be carried out in accordance with methods known in the art.
• Suitable leaving groups X 1 are halogen and activated ester groups and suitable leaving groups X 2 are halogen.
• Reaction is suitably carried out at temperatures of from 0° to 100°C in an inert solvent or diluent such as acetonitrile or dichloromethane, preferably in the presence of an acid binding agent, e.g. trialkylamine or alkali metal carbonate.
• an acid binding agent e.g. trialkylamine or alkali metal carbonate.
• Process step ii) may be carried out in accordance with conventional acylation/N-oxidation procedures, e.g. for the obtention of N-oxides by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, m-chloroperbenzoic acid or Collin's reagent (Cr0 3 .Py 2 ) as hereinafter illustrated in Example 23.
• free bases may be converted into acid addition or quarternary ammonium salts by reaction with acids or e.g. alkyl, for example methyl, halides, and vice versa.
• racemates of the formula II and formula IV compounds 4-carboxamido-3, 4-dihydro-3-hydroxy- -benzopyrans obtained will be in the form of the trans-racemate [i.e. comprising the (3S,4R) plus (3R, S) isomers) .
• Obtained racemates may be separated to provide the individual (3R, 4S) or (preferred) (3S,4R) enantiomer, e.g. chromatographically using a chiral stationary phase.
• 3S,4R) enantiomers are desired, however, this is preferably achieved using the corresponding isomer as starting material, i.e. in relation to formula II, the 3S,4S-antipode and, in relation to formula IV, the 3S,4R-antipode.
• Process steps (iii) through (vi) may be carried out by conventional means, e.g. in accordance with the general procedures hereinafter illustrated in Examples 24.A.4, A.5, A.5'a, and A.5'b.
• Starting materials of formula IV may be prepared from the corresponding compounds of formula II by reaction with ammonia, e.g. in accordance with the general procedures hereinafter illustrated in Example 24.A.6' . Proceeding via steps (iii) and (iv) , the formula II compound is obtained as the cis-racemate, i.e. comprising the (3R, 4R) and (3S,4S) antipodes. Step v involves introduction of an appropriate chiral acyl group [in sequence A, by way of example, (R)- ⁇ - -methoxyphenylacetyl] .
• the chiral racemate VIII may readily be separated by column chromatography or fractional recrystallisation into its individual (3R,4S) and (3S,4R) antipodes.
• compound II starting materials may be obtained in pure or substantially pure (3S,4S) enantiomeric form.
• Steps (vii) to (ix) may be carried out by conventional means, e.g. in accordance with the general procedures hereinafter illustrated in Examples 24.A.2 and A.3, steps (viii) and (ix) being carried out in Example 24.A.3 without purification of the intermediate.
• step (vii) is suitably carried out in an aprotic solvent such as acetone, in the presence of a base such as K 2 C0 3 and a catalyst such as KI.
• Process steps (x) and (xi), and (xii) through (xiv), may be carried out by conventional means, e.g. in accordance with the general procedures hereinafter illustrated in Examples 24.A.la and b and 24.A.la' and b' respectively. In general, procedure via steps (x) and (xi) will be preferred for larger scale synthesis.
• the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature after which the mixture is treated with aqueous Na 2 C0 3 (100ml/2M) and extracted with 3:1 CH 2 C1 2 /CH 3 0H (3x100ml) .
• the combined extracts are washed with brine, dried (Na 2 S0 ) , filtered and the solvent evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield an oil.
• the oil is purified by chromatography (silica gel, 2% C 2 H 5 0H in CH 2 C1 2 ) and recrystallised from C 2 HsOH-diethyl ether to give the title compound in enantiomerically pure or substantially pure form, m.p. 247-248°C, [o] D 20 - +19.8 (c-0.965, C 2 H 5 0H) .
• Ethyl chloroformate (10.85 g) is added to a stirred mixture of 2-picoline (9.30 g) and copper (I) iodide (0.77 g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (150 ml), at -20°C under argon. The whole is stirred for 3 hours at -20°C and then treated dropwise with a solution of 4-methoxyphenyl magnesium bromide, prepared from 4-bromoanisole (18.7 g) and Mg turnings (2.64 g) in dry tetra ⁇ hydrofuran (100 ml) at such a rate that the temperature remains between -15° and -20°C.
• step A.l.a (16.9 g) and sulphur (2.0 g) in decahydronaphthalene (100 ml) is stirred at 200°C for 3 hours.
• the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure and the residue dissolved in ethyl acetate (500 ml) and extracted with HCl (3 x 200 ml of 2M) .
• the combined extracts were washed with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 ml), basified with ice-cooling to pH 11 with NaOH and extracted with CH 2 C1 2 (3 x 200 ml) .
• the combined extracts are dried (Na 2 S0 4 ), filtered and the solvent evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product.
• the title compound may alternatively be produced via the following route:
• 2-Methylpyridine (111.7g) is added to a freshly prepared solution of hydroxylamine-O-sulphonic acid (45.2 g, 90%) in H 2 0 (260 ml) at 0°C.
• the mixture is heated to 95°C, stirred for a further 45 min, cooled to 10°C and cautiously treated with K 2 C0 3 (55 g) .
• the mixture is washed with diethyl ether (2 x 100 ml) and the water evaporated off at 40°C under reduced pressure.
• the residue is treated with C 2 H 5 0H (600 ml) and the K 2 S0 precipitate removed by filtration.
• the filtrate is treated with HCl (120 ml of 18M) and evaporated to dryness at 50°C under reduced pressure to give a residue which is treated with dehydroacetic acid (68.6g) and HCl (150 ml of 18M) and heated under reflux for 90 min.
• the solution is evaporated to dryness at 50° under reduced pressure and the residue stirred for 15 min with C 2 H 5 0H (200 ml), filtered and the precipitate washed with C 2 H 5 0H (200 ml) .
• the combined filtrate and washings are treated with tetrafluoroboric acid in ethyl ether (50 ml of 50%) and diluted with diethyl ether (250 ml) . On standing the title compound crystallises out and is filtered off and dried in vacuo at 20°C, m.p. 206-208°C.
• Example A.3. To a stirred solution of the product of Example A.3. (5.02g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50ml) at -25°C under argon is added a solution of n-butyl lithium (12.5ml, 1.6M) in hexane. The resulting mixture is stirred at 10°C for 40 min, cooled to -5°C and treated with ethyl iodide (2.4ml) . The mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for an additional 2h and then treated with saturated aqueous NH 4 C1 (100ml) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100ml) .
• step G.3.a (4.8g) and acetic anhydride (50ml) is heated at 80°C under argon for lh. The solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product which is purified by chromatography (silica gel, 10% ethyl acetate in toluene) to give the title compound as an oil.
• H.3. Preparation of 2, 2-Dimethyl-6- (2-methoxymethylpyridin- -4-yl) -2H-l-benzopyran
• a stirred mixture of 4-bromo-3-methylphenol (184.lg) and aqueous NaOH (850 ml, 2M) at 20°C is treated with acetic anhydride (136 ml) and stirred at room temperature for lh.
• the suspension is extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 300 ml) and the combined extracts are washed with aqueous NaOH (2 x 100 ml 2M) , dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and filtered.
• the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the title compound as an oil.
• step a A mixture of the product of step a (195.6g) and aluminium chloride (152.6g) is stirred under argon at 165°C for 45 min.
• the cooled mixture is treated with ice-cold HCl (2000 ml, 2 M) and extracted with CH 2 C1 2 (4 x 600ml) .
• the combined extracts are washed with brine, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ), filtered and the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product.
• This is purified by chromatography (silica gel, 10% toluene in hexane) and recrystallised from diethyl ether-hexane to give the title compound, m.p. 81-82°C.
• a mixture of the product of step b (48g) , acetone (31ml) and pyrrolidine (21ml) in dry benzene (500ml) is stirred at room temperature for 3h and then at reflux for 6h with water formed being removed via a Dean-Stark apparatus.
• the cooled mixture is treated with HCl (200ml, 2M) , stirred for 10 min, basified with aqueous NaOH (1M) and extracted with CH 2 C1 2 (3x300ml) .
• the combined extracts are dried (K 2 C0 3 ), filtered and the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product.
• a stirred solution of the product of step d (27.lg) in dry toluene (300ml) is treated with p-toluenesulphonic acid (1.15g) and heated under reflux for 2h with water formed being removed via a Dean-Stark apparatus.
• the cooled solution is washed with aqueous sodium carbonate (100ml, 2M) , dried (Na 2 S0 4 ), filtered and the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product. This is purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexane) to give the title compound as an oil.
• step e A solution of the product of step e (7.60g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (30ml) is added over 15 min. to a stirred mixture of magnesium turnings (0.85g) and iodine (0.06g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (25ml) at 45°C under an argon atmosphere. The mixture is heated under reflux for 3h, cooled to 5°C, treated with bis- (triphenylphosphine)nickel (II) chloride (0.32g) and a solution of 4-bromopicoline (4.8g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50ml) and stirred at room temperature for 18h.
• magnesium turnings (0.85g) and iodine (0.06g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (25ml) at 45°C under an argon atmosphere.
• the mixture is heated under reflux for 3h, cooled to 5°C, treated with bis- (triphenylphosphine)nic
• the mixture is treated with HCl (140ml, 1M) and extracted with diethyl ether (2x60ml) .
• the combined ether extracts are washed with HCl.
• the combined acid solutions are basified to pH 10 with K 2 C0 3 , extracted with diethyl ether (3x100ml) , dried (Na 2 S0 ), filtered and the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product.
• N-Bromosuccinimide (2-20 g) is added in portions to a stirred solution of the product of Example A.3. (2-50g) in dimethylsulphoxide (6 ml) and H 2 0 (0-36 ml) at 0°C. After exothermic reaction has subsided, stirring is continued for an additional lh and the reaction is quenched with saturated aq ⁇ ueous NH 4 C1 (200 ml) and extracted with CH 2 C1 2 (3x100 ml). The combined extracts are dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) , filtered and the solvent is evaporated off under reduced pressure to yield the crude product.
• Benzopyrans and dihydrobenzopyrans as defined under 1. above, for example compounds of formula I as hereinbefore defined, and their N-oxides, and physiologically-hydrolysable and -acceptable esters thereof, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition and quarternary ammonium salts of said benzopyrans/dihydrobenzopyrans/N-oxides/esters, (hereinafter collectively AGENTS OF THE INVENTION) are useful as pharmaceuticals.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION possess smooth muscle relaxant activity and exhibit potassium channel opening activity in relation to the plasmalemma membrane as demonstrated by their influence at concentrations in the region of 1 to 500nM on tension in, and of Rb + efflux from, various smooth muscle preparations in accordance with or analogously to the methods described in Quast, Brit. J. Pharmac, 9 ⁇ , 569-578 (1987) .
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION are thereby characterised as K + channel opening agents.
• K + channel opening agents are accordingly useful for the treatment of conditions or disorders for which therapy employing a K + channel opening agent is indicated.
• Therapeutic utility as K + channel opening agents may further be demonstrated in standard pharmacological tests, e.g. of cardio-vascular activity, in vitro or in vivo.
• influence on blood-pressure may be demonstrated in the anaesthetised, cannulated normotensive rat following intra duodenal administration 1 hr post cannulation.
• Anti-ischemic activity may be demonstrated in accordance with the methods described in Hof et al., Circ. Res., 6 , 679 (1988) .
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION exhibit hypotensive activity in the former test method at threshold doses of from about 0.03 to about 1.0 mg/kg i.d. and anti-ischemic activity in the latter test method at doses of from about 0.001 to about 0.03 mg/kg i.v..
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION are accordingly useful, e.g. as smooth muscle relaxants, in particular for use as vasodilating agents, for example for the treatment of hypertension or chronic cardiac insufficiency. They are further useful as anti-ischaemic and anti-vasospastic agents, e.g. for use in the treatment of disturbed blood supply, for example to the heart, skeletal muscle or brain. They are thus useful e.g. for the treatment of angina pectoris, myocardial ischaemia or myocardial infarction; as antifibrillatory agents; for the treatment of disorders of peripheral circulation, e.g.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION are yet further indicated for use as gastro-intestinal, uterine and urinary tract antispastic agents, e.g. for the treatment of duodenal or peptic ulcer, irritable colon, diverticulitis, danger of miscarriage following premature labour and urinary incontinence.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION are yet further indicated for use as hair-growth stimulating agents, e.g. for the treatment of hair loss due to ageing, e.g. male alopecia or pattern baldness, or disease-related hair loss for example consequent to infection or disturbance of the immune system.
• Suitable dosages for such use will of course vary, e.g. depending on the particular condition to be treated, the particular AGENT OF THE INVENTION employed the mode of administration and the effect desired.
• a suitable oral daily dosage e.g. for anti-hypertensive uses, will be from about 0.03 to about 2.0 mg/kg and for, e.g. anti-ischemic uses, from about 0.015 to about 0.3 mg/kg.
• an indicated oral daily dosage will thus be from about 2 to about 150 mg for anti-hypertensive uses, or from about 1 to about 20 mg for anti-ischemic uses, administered once or in divided doses 2x daily.
• Oral dosage forms for use in the above indications will thus suitably comprise from about 0.5 or 1.0 to about 20 or 150 mg AGENT OF THE INVENTION together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION will appropriately be applied topically, e.g. in an appropriate cream, gel or emulsion base or the like as known in the art.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION possess bronchodilator activity and reduce or reverse airways hyperreactivity. These activities may also be demonstrated in pharmaceutical test models in vivo and in vitro, for example as follows: TEST 1. BRONCHODILATOR ACTIVITY
• Guinea-pigs (Dunkin-Hartley, male, 400-600g) are anaesthetised with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg i.p.) and pentobarbital (30 mg/kg i.p.) and paralysed with gallamine (8 mg/kg i.m.) and ventilated with a mixture of air and oxygen (45:55, v/v) .
• Animals are ventilated via a tracheal cannula (10 ml/kg, 1Hz) .
• Blood pressure and heart rate are recorded from the carotid artery. Ventilation is monitored by a flow transducer.
• coincident pressure changes in the thorax are monitored directly via an intrathoracic trochar, permitting display of differential pressure relative to the trachea. From this information resistance and compliance are calculated at each inspiration.
• Intravenous infusion of bombesin induces sustained bronchospasm.
• Capacity of test substance to reverse response when administered by the intratracheal route serves as a measure of efficacy in reversing established broncho ⁇ spasm.
• the bronchodilator response is taken as the percentage reduction of the maximal response to bombesin, measured at regular intervals.
• Rhesus monkeys male and female, body wt 6.8-11.8kg known to be normal responders to methacholine (MeCH) , are anaesthetised (initial:• ketamine 20mg/kg i.m., maintenance: thiopental 8mg/kg/h i.v.) .
• a cuffed pediatric endotracheal tube (5.0 cm) is then introduced into the trachea (xylocaine: topical administration at the epiglottus) and basal lung resistance measured .
• xylocaine 1% w/v solution
• Xylocaine has no effect on base-line resistance.
• Test substance is administered in a similar manner to xylocaine pretreatment, in a lactose vehicle suspension (lmg/ml, 1ml delivered volume) in a cumulative manner at 30 min. intervals.
• a single MeCH challenge 0.6 to 2.5 mg/ml solution, estimated to produce approximately a 50-100% change from baseline
• % inhibition calculated from the response after vehicle administration.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION produce potent, dose-dependent bronchodilator effect in the above test method at dosages of from about 10 ng/kg to about 10 ⁇ g/kg.
• Guinea-pigs are prepared for recording of lung function as described under Test 1.1 above. Intravenous injection of histamine (1.8-3.2 ⁇ g/kg) establishes airways sensitivity to spasmogen. Following infusion of PAF (platelet activating factor) over 1 hour (total dose 600 ng/kg) , repeated injection of histamine reveals development of airways hyperreactivity, which can conveniently be expressed as the paired difference between the response amplitude before and after PAF exposure.
• PAF platelet activating factor
• Guinea pigs are prepared for recording of lung-function as described under Test 1.1 above.
• An allergic reaction is initiated by intravenous injection of preformed immune-complexes (prepared by adding 30 ⁇ g of bovine gamma globulin in 0.05 ml of saline to 0.05 ml of guinea pig anti-bovine gamma globulin anti-serum) at regular (10 min) intervals for 30 min.
• Intravenous injections of histamine (1.0-3.2 ⁇ g/kg at 10 min intervals) are used to define the sensitivity of the airways prior to and following the last exposure to immune-complex.
• Airways hyperreactivity is expressed as the paired difference for the maximal value of lung resistance in response to histamine before and after repeated injection of immune-complex.
• Test compounds are administered intratracheally.
• Induced airways hyperreactivity is significantly reduced in the above test method by prior treatment with AGENTS OF THE INVENTION, at dosages of from about lOng/kg to about 10.0 ⁇ g/kg.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION are accordingly useful in particular as bronchodilator agents and as agents for the therapy of airways hyperreactivity e.g. as agents for the symptomatic as well as prophylactic treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways disease, in particular asthma.
• bronchodilator agents AGENTS OF THE INVENTION may be employed, in particular as rescue therapy, to treat bronchoconstrictor attack, e.g. in asthma.
• rescue therapy to treat bronchoconstrictor attack, e.g. in asthma.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION may be used for the control, restriction or reversal of airways hyperreactivity or to provide advance protection against recurrence of bronchoconstrictor attack consequential to obstructive or inflammatory airways disease, in particular asthma.
• treatment and “treating” as used throughout the present specification and claims in relation to use of AGENTS OF THE INVENTION for the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways disease, in particular asthma, are accordingly to be understood as embracing both prophylactic as well as symptomatic (i.e. bronchodilator) modes of therapy, unless otherwise specified.
• the present invention also provides:
• a method for the prophylactic treatment of inflammatory or obstructive airways disease e.g. for the treatment of airways hyperreactivity
• An AGENT OF THE INVENTION for use as a pharmaceutical, e.g. for use in the treatment of any disease or condition as herein specified, in particular for use in the treatment of obstructive or inflammatory airways disease, e.g. as indicated under 4.a.l or 4.a.2 above; or
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising an AGENT OF THE INVENTION, or use of an AGENT OF THE INVENTION for use in the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, for use in the treatment of any disease or condition herein specified, in particular for use as set forth under 5 above.
• Inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases to which the present invention is applicable include asthma of whatever type or genesis including both intrinsic and, especially, extrinsic asthma. They are useful for the treatment of aller ⁇ gic asthma, whether atopic, (i.e. IgE-mediated) or non-atopic, as well as, for example, bronchitic asthma, exercise induced asthma, occupational asthma, asthma induced following bacterial infection and other non-allergic asthmas. Treatment of asthma is also to be understood as embracing treatment of subjects, e.g.
• Prophylactic efficacy in the treatment of asthma will be evidenced by reduced frequency or severity of symptomatic attack, e.g. of acute asthmatic or bronchoconstrictor attack.
• symptomatic therapy i.e. therapy for or intended to restrict or abort symptomatic attack when it occurs, for example anti-inflammatory (e.g. corticosteroid) or bronchodilatory (e.g. ⁇ 2 adrenergic) therapy.
• anti-inflammatory e.g. corticosteroid
• bronchodilatory e.g. ⁇ 2 adrenergic
• Prophylactic benefit in asthma may in particular be apparent in subjects prone to "morning dipping".
• "Morning dipping” is a recognised asthmatic syndrome, common to a substantial percentage of asthmatics and characterised by asthma attack, e.g. between the hours of about 4 to 6 am, i.e. at a time normally substantially distant from any previously administered symptomatic asthma therapy,
• Inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases to which the present invention is applicable also include pneumoconiosis (an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of the lungs, frequently accompanied by airways obstruction, whether chronic or acute, and occasioned by repeated inhalation of dusts) of whatever type or genesis, including, for example, aluminosis, anthracosis, asbestosis, chalicosis, ptilosis, siderosis, silicosis, tabacosis and, in particular, byssinosis.
• pneumoconiosis an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of the lungs, frequently accompanied by airways obstruction, whether chronic or acute, and occasioned by repeated inhalation of dusts
• pneumoconiosis an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of the lungs, frequently accompanied by airways obstruction, whether chronic or acute, and occasioned by repeated inhalation of dusts
• pneumoconiosis an inflammatory, commonly occupational, disease of the
• inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases and conditions to which the present invention is applicable include adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) , chronic obstructive pulmonary or airways disease (COPD or COAD), and bronchitis, as well as exacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to other drug therapy, in particular other inhaled drug therapy, e.g. ⁇ -agonist bronchodilator therapy, including in particular usage of AGENTS OF THE INVENTION as bronchodilators for the treatment of chronic or acute airways obstruction as well as dyspnea, associated with any of the said diseases or conditions.
• ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome
• COAD chronic obstructive pulmonary or airways disease
• bronchitis as well as exacerbation of airways hyperreactivity consequent to other drug therapy, in particular other inhaled drug therapy, e.g. ⁇ -agonist bronchodilator therapy, including in particular usage of AGENTS OF THE INVENTION as bronchodilators for the treatment of
• inflammatory or obstructive airways disease may be administered by any conventional route, in particular AGENTS OF THE INVENTION enterally, e.g. orally, for example in the form of tablets or capsules, or parenterally, e.g. in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions .
• enterally e.g. orally
• parenterally e.g. in the form of injectable solutions or suspensions .
• they will be administered by the pulmonary route, e.g. by inhalation from an appropriate nebulizer, inhaler or like device as known in the art.
• Dosages employed in the treatment of inflammatory or obstructive airways disease will of course vary depending, e.g. on the particular condition to be treated, the particular AGENT OF THE INVENTION employed, the mode of administration and the effect desired.
• a suitable daily dosage delivered to the lungs will be of the order of from about O.l ⁇ g to about lOO ⁇ g, in particular from about 1.O ⁇ g to about 50.0 ⁇ g, suitably administered from an inhaler device with administration effected once or from 2 to 4x daily, in a series of from 1 to 4 puffs at each administration.
• a suitable daily dosage will generally be of the order of from about 0.1 to about 30 ⁇ g/kg.
• a suitable oral daily dosage for larger mammals, e.g. humans will thus be of the order of from about 7 ⁇ g to about 2.1mg, administered in a single dose, in divided doses administered from 2 to 4x daily, or in sustained release form.
• Oral unit dosage forms for such use will thus suitably comprise from about 1.75 ⁇ g to about 2.1mg AGENT OF THE INVENTION together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
• AGENTS OF THE INVENTION are generally active as bronchodilators or as agents for the treatment of airways hyperreactivity at dosages, in particular inhaled dosages, at which cardiovascular effects which would be undesirable in relation to such therapy, e.g. hypotensive/tachycardial effect are non-significant or within acceptable limits of tolerability in relation to the therapy practiced.
• the present invention also provides:
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising an AGENT OF THE INVENTION together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier therefor.
• compositions may be manufactured in conventional manner, e.g. for pulmonary administration by compounding AGENT OF THE INVENTION in finely divided disperse particulate form, e.g. together with finely divided lactose as a carrier/diluent to form an inhalable powder.
• an established ID 50 in one test run carried out in accordance with Test 1.1 hereinbefore is 0.02 mg/kg, i.t..
• [ ⁇ 1 -[ [ (1, 1-Dimethyl ethyl)amino] -methyl]-4-hydroxy-l, 3-benze- nemethanol] is 0.001 mg/kg, i.t..
• Appropriate dosages of the Example 1 compound for administration by inhalation, e.g. for bronchodilator effect in asthma therapy, will thus be anticipated to be ca. 20x those conventionally required using Salbutamol.

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• 1992
  • 1992-11-25 AU AU30826/92A patent/AU665040B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1992-11-25 SK SK889-94A patent/SK88994A3/sk unknown
  • 1992-11-25 EP EP92924604A patent/EP0623129A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1992-11-25 CA CA002122494A patent/CA2122494A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 1994
  • 1994-07-22 FI FI943489A patent/FI943489A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1994-07-22 NO NO942744A patent/NO942744L/no unknown

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