EP0612296B1 - Chambre, cabine ou compartiment, notamment pour trains-hotels - Google Patents

Chambre, cabine ou compartiment, notamment pour trains-hotels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0612296B1
EP0612296B1 EP93919007A EP93919007A EP0612296B1 EP 0612296 B1 EP0612296 B1 EP 0612296B1 EP 93919007 A EP93919007 A EP 93919007A EP 93919007 A EP93919007 A EP 93919007A EP 0612296 B1 EP0612296 B1 EP 0612296B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
room
cell
wall
mobile wall
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93919007A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0612296A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas König
Sabine Hahn
Roland Dressel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfa Partner fur Fahrzeug-Ausstattung GmbH
Original Assignee
Pfa Partner fur Fahrzeug-Ausstattung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pfa Partner fur Fahrzeug-Ausstattung GmbH filed Critical Pfa Partner fur Fahrzeug-Ausstattung GmbH
Publication of EP0612296A1 publication Critical patent/EP0612296A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0612296B1 publication Critical patent/EP0612296B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B29/00—Accommodation for crew or passengers not otherwise provided for
    • B63B29/02—Cabins or other living spaces; Construction or arrangement thereof
    • B63B29/025—Modular or prefabricated cabins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D1/00—Carriages for ordinary railway passenger traffic
    • B61D1/02—General arrangements in sleeping or couchette carriages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D35/00—Sanitation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H3/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for public or similar purposes; Institutions, e.g. infirmaries or prisons
    • E04H3/02—Hotels; Motels; Coffee-houses; Restaurants; Shops; Department stores

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a room cell, in particular a living cell, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such room cells are, for example, the sleeping car compartments of passenger trains. Since as many compartments as possible have to be accommodated in a sleeping car for economic reasons, the space available therein is relatively limited. The same applies to residential complexes such as hotels and youth hostels as well as for campers and ships, where the available space should be used as economically as possible.
  • the available space is divided into different room areas by partition walls. In the case of a sleeping compartment, these are a lounge area and a sanitary area, which in turn can be divided into a shower cubicle and a toilet cubicle.
  • the disadvantage of conventional compartments is that a relatively large amount of space for the sanitary area must be kept available, which is only used for a short time compared to the total length of stay of a passenger in the compartment.
  • the space required for the sanitary area which for understandable reasons cannot be too small, limits the space available in the lounge area.
  • the prevailing space can lead to feelings of discomfort, with the result that passenger trains with sleeping cars are accepted as little or no alternative as a travel alternative.
  • a disposition area is provided, which can be optionally added to one or the other room area by a mobile wall that can be moved.
  • the disposition room is made up of parts of the lounge and sanitary area.
  • the gain in space now consists in that when the lounge area is used, a part of the sanitary area is separated by a movable wall and slammed into the lounge area.
  • the room part of the disposition area assigned to the lounge area is additionally available.
  • the proportions of space added to the respective room area are preferably free of any furnishings.
  • the freedom of movement and comfort is significantly improved compared to conventional sleeping car compartments.
  • the mobile wall is advantageously dimensioned such that it spatially completely separates at least one spatial area from the disposition area.
  • the sanitary area of a sleeping car compartment consisting of a shower cell and a toilet cell, is completely separated by the mobile wall if the lounge area is used. This means that no furnishings from the sanitary area are visible, which would disturb the impression of a uniform room.
  • the uniform spatial impression can also be enhanced, for example, by adapting the side of the mobile wall facing the lounge to the appearance of the other walls of the lounge area.
  • the measure also ensures that the space area designed as a shower cell can be completely separated.
  • the lockability of the mobile wall according to claim 8 ensures that the mobile wall remains in its respective functional position even when the train is moving.
  • the advantage of an endless, self-contained guideway is above all that, starting from an arbitrary functional position, the mobile wall can be moved in two different directions into a new functional position without hitting an end position.
  • the design of the mobile wall according to claim 12 in the form of two individual wall parts which can be moved independently of one another, in addition to the increased number of different functional positions of the sliding wall, also has the advantage that a wall part of the shower cell can be assigned as a sliding door with a limited sliding path. As a result, the measures for sealing the shower cubicle from the disposition room or the lounge can remain limited to this wall element.
  • the design of the mobile wall as a frame construction has several advantages.
  • the wall material itself does not need to have a supporting function, so that relatively thin and weak materials and decorative materials can be used, saving weight and costs.
  • differently designed wall materials can be used for the same frame construction. Later replacement when renovating the room cell is also easier and cheaper.
  • a room cell 1 designed as a sleeping compartment is shown in cross section.
  • the room cell is delimited by four outer walls 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • the outer walls 3 and 4 separate the room cell from neighboring room cells.
  • the outer wall 5 separates the room cell 1 from the aisle 6 of the passenger or sleeping car.
  • the outer wall 2 forms the outer skin of the passenger car.
  • a sliding door 17 is arranged in the outer wall 5.
  • the room cell 1 is divided by three fixed partition walls 7, 8, 9 into a lounge area 10, a shower cell 11 and a toilet cell 12.
  • the partition walls 7, 8 and 9 extend from the outer walls 2, 4, 5 to a cylindrical disposition area 13 arranged in the room cell, that is to say circular in cross section.
  • the disposition area 13 is offset from the center of the room in the direction of the outer walls 4 and 2 .
  • a movable mobile wall 14 is arranged, which has the shape of a cylinder jacket half segment.
  • the mobile wall is guided in a circular sliding guide 18 arranged in the ceiling and the floor of the room cell and can be displaced there in both circumferential directions (double arrow 16) of the sliding guide and can be locked in any functional position.
  • the mobile wall has a semicircular handrail 19 on both sides, which extends practically over the entire circumferential length of the mobile wall.
  • the end walls 15 of the partition walls 7, 8, 9 adjoin the disposition area, but without intervening in the path of movement of the mobile wall 14.
  • the end faces 15 of the partition walls 7, 8 delimiting the shower cell are provided with sealing lips (not shown) which extend practically over the entire height of the mobile wall and strip off the splashing water adhering to the side of the mobile wall facing the shower cell.
  • the mobile wall 14 is dimensioned such that in the functional position shown in FIG. 1 the spatial areas shower cell 11 and toilet cell 12 are spatially completely separated from the disposition area 13.
  • the mobile wall 14 extends practically over the entire height of the room. It can also be designed in the form of a folding wall. It is also conceivable that it is made of a translucent material. In this case, daylight penetrating through a window 29 present in the lounge area 10 can also be used for the room areas shower cell 11 and toilet cell 12. The proportion of daylight in the sanitary area can additionally be increased by a translucent design of the partition walls 7 and 9. For understandable reasons, however, this measure should only be available for individual compartments.
  • a floor pan 20 is arranged in the shower cell and is lowered relative to the floor of the room cell.
  • the toilet cell 12 there is a water closet 21 and a wash basin 22.
  • the wash basin 22 is arranged in the corner of the room formed by the partition 8 and the outer wall 4. Its front edge extends up to the mobile wall 14 and is adapted to its cross-sectional shape by a concave trough.
  • a transverse wall 24 which extends from the outer wall 4 to the partition wall 9 and is arranged between the water closet and the outer wall 5, as a result of which a cabinet space 25 is formed in the area of the toilet cell 12 adjacent to the outer wall 5.
  • the cabinet 25 is accessible from the lounge area 10 via a sliding door 26.
  • the sliding door 26 is displaceable in the direction of arrow 27 for opening.
  • a folding bed 28 is arranged, which is shown in Fig. 1 in its folded position.
  • a storage surface 30 is arranged in the corner of the room formed by the partition 7 and the outer wall 2 and can be used as a reading surface, for example, by utilizing the light incident through the window 29.
  • the functional position shown in FIG. 1 represents the reception or stay situation.
  • the space portion 31 delimited by the mobile wall 14 and separated from the sanitary area enlarges the effective area or the effective area of the stay area 10 and can be used practically without restriction.
  • FIG. 2 shows a situation in which the folding bed 28 is folded out horizontally into its position of use and the mobile wall 14 is shifted by an angle of approximately 180 ° with respect to its functional position according to FIG.
  • their end faces 32 adjoin the end faces 15 of the partition walls 7 and 9, as a result of which the stay area 10 is spatially completely delimited from the disposition space 13.
  • the sanitary area consisting of shower cell 11 and toilet cell 12 is enlarged by the space portion 31 delimited by the mobile wall 14.
  • Fig. 3 shows a functional position of the mobile wall 14, which corresponds to two use situations.
  • the shower cubicle 11 is completely spatially separated from the disposition area 13 and can therefore be used.
  • the mobile wall serves here practically as a door for the shower cell 11.
  • the passenger is able to use the toilet cell and sink, for example when going to bed or standing up, with free access to the bed and the closet space. The latter, for example, to take off or pick up clothes.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the mobile wall 14 consists of two individual part walls 33 and 34. Both part walls have the shape of cylinder jacket segments, the central longitudinal axis of which extends in the vertical direction.
  • the partial walls 33 and 34 are guided in separate circular sliding guides 35, 36 on the floor and on the ceiling (not shown) of the room cell 1, which are arranged in the manner of concentric circles.
  • the partial wall 33 is assigned to the inner sliding guide 35 and the partial wall 34 to the outer sliding guide 36.
  • the part walls 33 and 34 can therefore be moved independently of one another and brought into overlap.
  • the partial wall 33 is dimensioned such that it forms a cylindrical jacket segment with an angle ⁇ of approximately 70 °, which extends from the end face 15 of the partition wall 8 to the end face 15 of the partition wall 7 and spatially completely separates the shower cubicle 11 from the disposition area.
  • the movement path of the partial wall 33 is limited by a stop 37 located on its side facing the shower cell 11. This stop interacts with the sides of the partition walls 7 and 8 facing the shower cell 11 and also serves as a handle for moving the partial wall 33 from its side facing away from the disposition area 13.
  • a collecting channel is arranged on the side of the partial wall 33 facing the shower cell 11 near the floor, which has a slope inclined towards the floor pan 20.
  • the cylinder jacket segment of the partial wall 34 extends over an angle ⁇ of approximately 114 °.
  • the access opening to the toilet cell 12 spanned by the partitions 9 and 8 can thus be covered.
  • the sanitary area composed of shower cell 11 and toilet cell 12 is completely spatially separated from the two partial walls 33 and 34 from the disposition room 13 and from the common room 10.
  • the two partial walls overlap in the area of the dividing wall 8.
  • the partial wall 34 has, on the side facing the disposition space 13, at its end 38 running clockwise, a stop 39 which also serves as a handle and which is connected to the end faces 40, 40 '. the partial wall 33 cooperates.
  • the path of movement of the partial wall 34 is at an angular range ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ on about 323 °, limited (360 ° - ⁇ ).
  • the partial wall 33 can be moved in the direction of the arrow 41 until it meets the Stop 37 strikes the partition 8. In this way, access is provided to the storage surface 30 and to the head part 43 of the folding bed 28 and any objects or items of clothing which may have been deposited there.
  • the partial wall 34 can also be moved in the direction of the arrow 41, as a result of which access to the cabinet space 25 and to the foot end 44 of the folding bed 28 is made possible.
  • the partial wall 34 can also be displaced in the direction of the arrow 42, which results in a functional position (see FIG. 6) which also enables access to the cabinet space 25 and to the foot end 44 of the folding bed 28. In this case, however, the toilet cell 12 is separated from the disposition area.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 show an embodiment of the room cell 1 according to the invention, with a two-part mobile wall 14 according to FIGS. 4 to 6, in which, however, the disposition area 13 is arranged closer to the outer wall 4 of the room cell 1 and in the one on the outer wall 4 attached washbasin 22 protrudes into the disposition area 13.
  • the movement paths of the two part walls 33 and 34 are limited by the edge 45 of the wash basin 22.
  • the end face 40 of the partial wall 33 and the end face 46 of the partial wall 34 interact with the edge 45 of the wash basin 22 as a counter surface in the sense of a stop.
  • the ends 47 of the fixed partition walls 9 and 7 are bent in the direction of the outer wall 4 of the room cell 1 and extend as far as the path of movement of the partial wall 34.
  • the disposition area 13 is assigned to the stay area 10.
  • the sink 22 can be used.
  • the toilet cell 12 and the shower cell 11 are spatially completely separated from the disposition area.
  • the partial wall 33 can be moved in the direction of the arrow 42 and the partial wall 34 in the direction of the arrow 41 in order to obtain new functional positions.
  • the functional position of the partial walls shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by moving the partial wall 33 in the direction of arrow 42. It enables free access to the shower cubicle 11 and to the rest area 10.
  • FIG. 10 shows a situation in which the sanitary area is separated from the lounge area and the toilet cell 12 and shower cell 11 are open to the disposition area 13 in FIG. To use the shower cell 11, the partial wall 33 can be moved in the direction of arrow 41 in order to close the shower cell 11.
  • the partial wall 33 has a handle 49 at its clockwise leading end and on its side facing away from the disposition area 13, which cooperates with the end 47 of the partition 7 and limits the path of movement of the partial wall 33.
  • the floor of the disposition area 13 is generally moistened with dripping water after the shower cell has been used. It is therefore expediently equipped with a non-textile covering which is suitable for wet cells and underfloor heating, as a result of which rapid drying can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Cellule d'habitation (1), en particulier cellule de logement comportant au moins deux zones d'habitation séparées l'une de l'autre par une paroi de séparation (7, 8, 9) stationnaire, par exemple une zone de séjour, une cellule douche (11) et une cellule WC (12), caractérisée par une zone de disponibilité (13) en supplément des zones d'habitation, agencée à l'intérieur de la cellule d'habitation, autour de laquelle les zones d'habitation sont groupées et qui peut être ajoutée au choix à au moins une zone d'habitation pour agrandir sa superticie grâce à une paroi mobile (14) déplaçable.
  2. Cellule d'habitation selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par un dimensionnement tel de la paroi mobile (14) par rapport à la position de la ou des parois de séparation stationnaire(s) (7, 8, 9) que dans les différentes positions fonctionnelles, au moins une zone d'habitation est totalement séparée de la zone de disponibilité (13).
  3. Cellule selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) s'étend au moins sur toute la hauteur de la pièce.
  4. Cellule d'habitation selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) est guidée en coulissement sur le plafond et/ou sur le sol de la pièce, à la manière d'une porte coulissante.
  5. Cellule d'habitation selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par un guidage en coulissement (18, 35, 36) fermé sur lui-même en boucle sans fin, en particulier circulaire, qui délimite la zone de disponibilité vis-à-vis de la zone d'habitation (10, 11, 12).
  6. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) est susceptible d'être arrêtée dans les différentes positions fonctionnelles.
  7. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) est variable dans sa largeur effective, en particulier réalisée sous forme d'une paroi pliante.
  8. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) est rigide.
  9. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) est évidée sous forme concave sur le côté orienté vers la zone de disponibilité (13), l'axe longitudinal de l'évidement étant une verticale.
  10. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce que le guidage à coulissement (19, 35, 36) a une forme circulaire et en ce que la paroi mobile (14) a une forme de segment d'enveloppe cylindrique.
  11. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par une paroi mobile en plusieurs parties, constituée en particulier par deux éléments de paroi (33, 34) agencés l'un à côté de l'autre et coulissant indépendamment l'un de l'autre.
  12. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon la revendication 11, caractérisée par un dimensionnement des éléments de paroi (33, 34) tel que chacun sépare au moins une zone d'habitation (10, 11, 12) complètement de la zone de disponibilité (13).
  13. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 11 et 12, caractérisée en ce que les éléments de paroi (33, 34) sont coulissants dans des guidages à coulissement (35, 36) voisins.
  14. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par un entraînement motorisé de la paroi mobile (14).
  15. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par un dispositif de commande électrique ou mécanique pour piloter différentes positions fonctionnelles de la paroi mobile (14).
  16. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14) est translucide,
  17. Cellule d'habitation (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la paroi mobile (14, 33, 34) possède une structure à cadre.
EP93919007A 1992-09-19 1993-09-16 Chambre, cabine ou compartiment, notamment pour trains-hotels Expired - Lifetime EP0612296B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9212655U 1992-09-19
DE9212655 1992-09-19
DE9304634U 1993-03-26
DE9304634 1993-03-26
PCT/DE1993/000871 WO1994006663A1 (fr) 1992-09-19 1993-09-16 Chambre, cabine ou compartiment, notamment pour trains-hotels

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0612296A1 EP0612296A1 (fr) 1994-08-31
EP0612296B1 true EP0612296B1 (fr) 1996-12-27

Family

ID=25959951

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93919007A Expired - Lifetime EP0612296B1 (fr) 1992-09-19 1993-09-16 Chambre, cabine ou compartiment, notamment pour trains-hotels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0612296B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE146732T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59304898D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2097533T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994006663A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20161252A1 (it) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-02 Diego Stivan Struttura multifunzionale per veicoli ricreazionali
RU2719498C1 (ru) * 2016-08-28 2020-04-20 СиАрАрСи ЦИНДАО СЫФАН КО., ЛТД. Двухэтажное железнодорожное транспортное средство

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29605479U1 (de) * 1996-03-26 1996-07-18 Wietrzichowski, Arnold, Prof. Dipl.-Ing., 71229 Leonberg Sanitäre Nasszelle
US6007025A (en) * 1996-12-23 1999-12-28 The Boeing Company Stowable module airplane lavatory
DE19813866A1 (de) * 1998-03-27 1999-09-30 Wolfgang Schilling Luftfahrzeug oder Fernzug zum Transport von Passagieren
FI20022243A0 (fi) * 2002-12-20 2002-12-20 Piikkioe Works Oy Menetelmä ja järjestely laivaan asennettavan huoneyksikön muuntelemiseksi
DE102012209551B4 (de) * 2012-06-06 2014-09-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wagenkasten für ein Schienenfahrzeug
DE102013219646B3 (de) * 2013-09-27 2015-01-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sanitärzelle für ein Schienenfahrzeug
DE102014219157A1 (de) * 2014-09-23 2016-03-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Beheizbarer Wickeltisch für ein Schienenfahrzeug
DE102015210475A1 (de) * 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Nasszelle für ein Schienenfahrzeug
IT201900013635A1 (it) 2019-08-01 2021-02-01 Fincantieri Spa Locale bagno per due cabine di una nave, e una struttura per due cabine di una nave comprendente tale locale bagno

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE445157C (de) * 1925-11-17 1927-06-04 Zypen & Charlier G M B H V D Durch Unterteilung eines Vollabteils in zwei Halbabteile gebildete Toilettenanlage fuer Schlafwagenabteile
DE1033695B (de) * 1955-12-05 1958-07-10 Rudolf Temporini Raumaufteilung eines Eisenbahnschlafwagens
FR2403253A1 (fr) * 1977-09-14 1979-04-13 Legrand Pierre Nouvelle disposition d'amenagement de tous vehicules notamment ceux sur rail
EP0221260B1 (fr) * 1985-08-14 1989-12-13 Investigacion Y Asesoramiento Tecnico, S.A.(Invastesa) Wagon-lit
FR2661934B1 (fr) * 1990-05-11 1993-06-04 Cocoon Sa Unite modulaire d'hebergement.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20161252A1 (it) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-02 Diego Stivan Struttura multifunzionale per veicoli ricreazionali
RU2719498C1 (ru) * 2016-08-28 2020-04-20 СиАрАрСи ЦИНДАО СЫФАН КО., ЛТД. Двухэтажное железнодорожное транспортное средство
US11180167B2 (en) 2016-08-28 2021-11-23 Crrc Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. Double-decker rail vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59304898D1 (de) 1997-02-06
ES2097533T3 (es) 1997-04-01
ATE146732T1 (de) 1997-01-15
EP0612296A1 (fr) 1994-08-31
WO1994006663A1 (fr) 1994-03-31

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