EP0608776A1 - Cartouche en plastique pour un dispositif de tir, notamment un dispositif scellement de chevilles - Google Patents

Cartouche en plastique pour un dispositif de tir, notamment un dispositif scellement de chevilles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0608776A1
EP0608776A1 EP94100844A EP94100844A EP0608776A1 EP 0608776 A1 EP0608776 A1 EP 0608776A1 EP 94100844 A EP94100844 A EP 94100844A EP 94100844 A EP94100844 A EP 94100844A EP 0608776 A1 EP0608776 A1 EP 0608776A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cartridge
flange
cover
sleeve body
firing pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94100844A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0608776B1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Jena
Kurt Dr. Ballreich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dynamit Nobel GmbH Explosivstoff und Systemtechnik
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Dynamit Nobel AG
Hilti AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dynamit Nobel AG, Hilti AG filed Critical Dynamit Nobel AG
Publication of EP0608776A1 publication Critical patent/EP0608776A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0608776B1 publication Critical patent/EP0608776B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B8/00—Practice or training ammunition
    • F42B8/02—Cartridges
    • F42B8/04—Blank cartridges, i.e. primed cartridges without projectile but containing an explosive or combustible powder charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25C—HAND-HELD NAILING OR STAPLING TOOLS; MANUALLY OPERATED PORTABLE STAPLING TOOLS
    • B25C1/00—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices
    • B25C1/08—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure
    • B25C1/10—Hand-held nailing tools; Nail feeding devices operated by combustion pressure generated by detonation of a cartridge
    • B25C1/16—Cartridges specially adapted for impact tools; Cartridge and bolts units
    • B25C1/163—Cartridges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cartridge made of plastic for a shooting device, in particular a bolt-setting tool, with a cartridge body having a flange, which has a plastic sleeve body open on one side for receiving a propellant charge set and an ignition set for igniting the propellant charge set and a plastic cover for closing the open end of the sleeve body, the flange being located on the cover-side end of the sleeve body.
  • Such (propellant) cartridges made of plastic are used in shooting devices, in particular bolt-setting devices of the most varied types.
  • the cartridges are mostly integrated in magazine strips (cartridge tape magazine).
  • Plastic cartridges can can also be used in central firearms.
  • the advantages of plastic cartridges are in particular the relatively low material and manufacturing costs; the cartridges can be manufactured using spray technology.
  • the plastic cartridge mentioned at the outset or the plastic tape cartridge cartridge mentioned at the outset is known from DE 37 79 24 A1.
  • Plastic materials have a much lower strength than metal, for example. This gives rise to the problem of material extrusion in plastic materials due to the gas pressures generated when the propellant or powder charge is burned. Material extrusion can occur wherever the closure of the shooting device receiving the cartridge, that is to say the space surrounding the cartridge store and the closure base, is not closed. Firing devices operated with a cartridge magazine strip have, for example, a non-closed closure, since the magazine strip in the area of the cartridge that it has just received from the cartridge storage area is led out of the cartridge storage area on two sides of the closure, namely through narrow spaces between the cartridge storage area and the closure bottom. Furthermore, cartridges, in particular plastic cartridges with flanges or the like guided out of the cartridge store.
  • Extensions must be provided so that the cartridge can be removed from the cartridge store after the charge has been ignited (manually or by machine).
  • the problem of material extrusion arises in particular in those shooting devices in which the shot tube is placed with its front end on the surface into which the bolt is to be driven, and the cartridge bearing is pressed against the bottom of the breech (unlocked breech).
  • the cartridge body is made thicker at its end on the cover side, that is to say at its end abutting the closure bottom.
  • the use of simpler and less rigid plastics for cartridges therefore requires cartridge bodies with thicker walls, at least in areas; this is problematic not only because of the space available to accommodate the powder load.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a plastic cartridge for in particular shooting devices, such as Bolt-setting devices to create, in which the plastic does not have to have any significant strength to maintain the gas pressure.
  • the invention proposes a plastic cartridge of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the flange of the cartridge body extends over at least part of this section in the section in which it extends in the direction of propagation of the pressure wave generated when the propellant charge is ignited. in the direction of propagation - tapered.
  • the flange formed on the cartridge body tapers in thickness with increasing distance from the cartridge body, and not necessarily over its entire extent in the direction of the gas pressure and thus in the direction of the maximum load on the flange, but at least in sections. Accordingly, the space between the cartridge bearing and the closure base, in which the flange is located, is also wedge-shaped, at least in sections, tapering outward on the device side.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that plastic materials can also be clamped in a conically tapering channel or intermediate space when pressure is exerted on the larger end in cross section (wedge-gap principle for plastic plastic materials, used in propellant cartridges Plastic). Due to the clamping effect due to friction in the tapering channel, no material emerges at the smaller end in cross section.
  • the flange tapering in the direction of propagation of the gas pressure wave between the metallic cartridge bearing and the metallic closure base which is between them form the tapered flange corresponding tapered space or channel that absorb gas pressures occurring during the shot without material extrusion taking place.
  • the flange of the cartridge body is formed at least in sections from a flange of the holding body and a flange of the cover; the sleeve body and the cover flange, which abut one another when the sleeve body is closed by the cover, at least partially form the tapering section of the cartridge body flange. At least one of the two flanges assembled to form the cartridge body flange tapers towards the outside.
  • the wedge gap effect can also be used for the gas-tight contact of the two flanges of the holding body and the cover.
  • the flange of the cartridge body preferably extends at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge beyond its end on the cover side.
  • the flange thus forms a kind of extension of the cartridge body wall; the lid is inserted comparatively deep into the sleeve body; At the end of the cartridge body on the cover side, a relatively deep, conically tapering depression is formed, which is delimited by the (ring) flange of the cartridge body.
  • a cartridge body requires a corresponding device-side configuration, namely by the closure base is provided with a projection corresponding to the depression of the cartridge body at the end on the cover side.
  • the advantage of the design of the cartridge body described above is the creation of a relatively long wedge which is formed by the flange.
  • the flange In its tapering section, the flange preferably extends at an angle of 5 ° to 20 °, preferably at an angle of 10 °, to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge body. As already explained above, the flange is intended to close the space leading to the outside between the cartridge bearing and the closure base when the cartridge body is inserted. The more parallel this intermediate space or the flange runs in the direction of movement of the cartridge bearing or closure base, that is, the more parallel it runs in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cartridge, the smaller the free gap remaining between the cartridge bearing and the flange or when the cartridge body is not completely closed. Flange and bottom.
  • the space between the cartridge bearing and the closure base should run in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cartridge, since the space is constant regardless of the closure opening.
  • the cartridge store is conical.
  • the above angle information for the flange (and thus also for the alignment of the space) from 5 ° to 15 or 20 °, preferably 10 °, represents a compromise between the two requirements.
  • the interfaces of the cover and sleeve body flange should be cylindrical or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge body in the region of the tapering wedge-shaped flange section of the cartridge body. If the cartridge is opened when the cartridge is ignited, but also when the bolt-firing tool is handled properly, the distance between the cartridge bearing and the bottom of the cartridge is increased (briefly); In this phase, the cover is lifted off, which does not lead to a leak in the flange of the cartridge body if the mating surfaces on the flanges of the cover and the sleeve body are parallel to the direction of displacement.
  • the flange of the cartridge body is continuous or whether the flange is made up of webs or the like which are spaced apart from one another. consists.
  • the design of the flange is a question of device design.
  • the flange must be arranged wherever there are openings between the cartridge bearing or the bottom of the closure despite the closure being closed.
  • the dimensioning of the flange is advantageously determined experimentally (flange length and flange thickness also depend not least on the plastic material used).
  • the angle at which the flange of the cartridge body tapers in its tapered section also depends on the plastic material used. Last but not least, the gas pressures also play a role.
  • the Provided flange of the cartridge body that this flange extends substantially radially from the end of the cartridge body on the cover side.
  • it is provided with a flat end on the cover side which, in contrast to the embodiment described above, has no recess.
  • the preferably wedge-shaped tapered flange section of the cartridge body begins directly at the end on the cover side and extends essentially radially outward.
  • a deflection can be provided within the space between the cartridge bearing and the closure base.
  • the flange of the cartridge body thus preferably has an angled section, it being tapered at least over part of this angled section.
  • the flange of the cartridge body is therefore turned over from the end of the cartridge body on the cover side.
  • the angled section runs at an acute angle of preferably 10 ° to 30 ° to the longitudinal axis of the cartridge body. Due to the deflection, a "flow resistance" is applied to the plastic material that wants to extrude due to the high gas pressures.
  • the deflection could possibly prevent material extrusion alone; However, it is better, as is also provided in this embodiment of the invention, to produce a wedge-splitting effect after the deflection by the tapering flange section, which prevents any material extrusion.
  • the cover and the sleeve body can preferably be locked together, the locking taking place in particular between the flanges of the cover and the sleeve body.
  • a certain problem with plastic cartridges is also the initiation of the primer by the firing pin of the firing device. On the one hand, this is due to the plasticity of the plastic material, which dampens the firing pin energy, which is why the momentum with which the firing pin hits the cartridge body must be increased.
  • the initiation of the primer in plastic cartridges is difficult because the primer is inserted between two layers of plastic material. The deformation energy generated by the firing pin only gives a sufficient temperature increase in the ignition charge in such circumstances when the pressure (force / area) or deformation under this pressure in the ignition charge is far higher than plastic allows. Sufficient pressures of the primer can only be achieved if the primer is housed between two metal parts, as is the case with metal cartridges.
  • a plastic cartridge body that has a sleeve body that is open on one side for receiving a propellant charge, an ignition charge for igniting the propellant charge when pressure is applied to the ignition charge, and a cover for closing the open end of the sleeve body, in which the sleeve body and cover limited space a plastic ignition pin coupled to the cover is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable in the axial direction and the ignition pin can be moved when pressure is exerted on the cover in the region of its coupling with the ignition pin and acts (mechanically) on the ignition set to ignite it.
  • the ignition pin is movably coupled to the cover in its axial direction, the coupling being provided either in the actual cover area, through which the sleeve body is closed, and / or in the flange area of the cover.
  • the design of the coupling enables the cartridge body to remain gas-tight even after the firing pin is acted upon by the firing pin of the shooting device.
  • the gas tightness can also be guaranteed by measures to be taken on the device side, which will be discussed further below.
  • the cartridge body is provided with an ignition pin, which is moved forward by the firing pin acting on the cartridge (cover) and, with its striking end, acts on the firing charge in order to initiate it.
  • the firing pin energy is thus converted into kinetic energy for the firing pin, which in turn passes this energy on to the firing pin by deforming it in order to ignite the firing pin.
  • the firing pin thus acts as a transmission element for transmitting the firing pin energy to the firing charge.
  • a transfer of the firing pin energy through the cartridge wall, i.e. through the rigid lid is not provided according to the invention; rather, the cartridge body is provided with an element which converts the firing pin energy into kinetic energy, namely the firing pin.
  • the damping of the firing pin energy by the plastic material is significantly reduced compared to known plastic cartridges. The plastic cartridge can therefore be triggered with the aid of the firing pin mechanism designed for metal cartridges, without having to make any changes to the devices.
  • the firing pin of the shooting device there may be slight gas leaks in the area of the firing pin of the shooting device in the event of extremely unfavorable loads; This case occurs, for example, when the cartridge body or the cover is damaged by the firing pin as a result of the impact and gas escapes, which then escapes further through the space between the firing pin and firing pin guide in the breech block bottom. It is advantageous here if any gas leakage via the firing pin can be prevented. In this respect, it is advantageous if the firing pin has an enlarged firing end which strikes the cartridge body. The stepped firing pin is guided in a guide in the bottom of the lock with a corresponding design, ie with an annular shoulder.
  • the firing pin If the firing pin is pushed back by gas emerging at the point of impact of the cartridge body, its ring shoulder rests on the ring shoulder of the firing pin guide. This on the one hand limits the movement of the bolt and, on the other hand, seals the firing pin guide by appropriate design of the shoulders coming into contact.
  • the firing pin itself, in the manner of a valve, prevents any gas escaping through its guide in the bottom of the bolt.
  • the striking end of the firing pin acting on the primer is pointed, preferably conical, and the primer is arranged in a preferably conical recess or depression of the sleeve body corresponding to the shape of the striking end.
  • the primer In the area in which the ignition charge is accommodated in the sleeve body, it has a funnel shape.
  • the surface of the recess preferably runs parallel to the outer surface of the striking end of the firing pin.
  • a sufficient ignition of the propellant charge can be achieved with a smaller amount of primer with a reduced proportion of friction agent, which has the consequence that the device contamination, in particular the device erosion, is significantly reduced compared to the previous cartridges.
  • the pointed striking end of the firing pin penetrates into a kind of ignition set brought into the negative or counter shape at the end of the striking, and the funnel-shaped starting set shaped in this way is arranged in a recess or depression corresponding to the shape of the striking end, can be arranged of the ignition material between two comparatively relatively soft plastic parts achieve a reliable ignition, since the ignition material is rubbed when the two plastic parts move relative to one another and heats up in the process.
  • the frictional energy is achieved by tangential displacement ("shear") of very small amounts of primer charge (the layer thickness between the recess wall and the striking end is small), which is created by a self-forming pressure system (the pressure under which the primer layer is due to the conical Areas of the striking end and the depression steadily larger).
  • the frictional heat is predominant achieved by increasing the friction path with reduced pressure values.
  • the primer is given a hollow cone shape when introduced into the conical recess of the plastic cartridge. With its pointed striking end, the firing pin first dips into the conical cavity of the firing charge thus shaped. In this case, energy for displacing the material of the ignition charge on all sides is not required. Almost all of the energy from the firing pin can be converted into friction energy when the firing pin is advanced.
  • the primer is arranged at a relatively large distance from the opening of the sleeve body or from the lid of the cartridge. This has particular advantages when using bulk tools; because the clean compression of the primer pellet, which is preferably introduced as a wet charge, is now given to the extent that the cartridge (cover and / or sleeve body) no longer or hardly contaminates due to the large insertion depth of the wet charge during mass processing due to the ignition charge material that oozes out during compression.
  • the compression of the inserted primer pill is achieved solely by axially advancing the pill insertion plunger.
  • the indentation punch likewise preferably has a conical tip, so that the firing charge is given the hollow cone shape described above when the firing charge pill is compressed.
  • the introduction of the primer in the form of a wet charge has primarily safety-related advantages (dust-free).
  • the "harder” parts of the primer eg glass particles - as a friction agent
  • the sleeve body has a first receiving space corresponding to the igniter pin in cross section for receiving the ignition charge and the igniter pin, and that the igniter pin is guided in the first receiving space so as to be longitudinally displaceable.
  • the first receiving space preferably has the shape of a blind hole.
  • the conical recess for (at least partially) receiving the ignition charge is advantageously arranged at the end opposite the opening of the first receiving space.
  • the firing pin can lie with its outer peripheral surface in a sealing manner on the inner surface of the first receiving space. Both the first receiving space and the firing pin are preferably cylindrical.
  • the primer can be introduced into the cartridge in a particularly simple manner without the cartridge being contaminated by the primer substance.
  • the all-round guidance of the firing pin in the first receiving space ensures reliable guidance of the firing pin without it being able to tilt.
  • the firing pin for the longitudinally displaceable Guide in the first receiving space in its area facing the cover has an enlarged cross section that is slightly smaller than or equal to the cross section of the first receiving space.
  • the rear part of the firing pin is therefore enlarged in cross section and lies in this area on the inner surface of the first receiving space.
  • the firing pin is slimmer in the area of its striking end, which is why the pointed striking end is surrounded on all sides by firing primer material when it enters the primer.
  • the firing pin is preferably provided with an integrally formed, circumferential radial sealing lip for abutting against the inner wall of the first receiving space.
  • the sealing lip is preferably designed such that it is pressed against the inner surface of the first receiving space by the increased combustion gas pressure when the ignition charge is ignited. This prevents the combustion gases from escaping from the first receiving space in an unintended direction and prevents the ignition pin from being moved back by the contact pressure of the sealing lip against the inner surface of the receiving space.
  • the cover has increased flexibility in the area of the coupling with the firing pin. This increased flexibility allows the firing pin to advance when the firing pin acts on the cartridge.
  • the ignition pin is preferably connected in one piece to the cover, the connection being designed in such a way that the ignition pin can be displaced in the axial direction while maintaining the connection with the cover.
  • Such a connection can, for example can be realized by appropriate elasticity of the cover in the area of the connection with the ignition pin.
  • the cover in the edge region around the end of the ignition pin connected to it is made thinner than the cover in the rest of the region.
  • the material properties of the plastic of the cartridge are such that the elasticity allows the firing pin to move while maintaining the mechanical connection with the cartridge.
  • the ignition pin is connected in an articulated manner to the cover at its end connected to the cover and facing away from the striking end.
  • This articulated connection can be realized, for example, by means of a film hinge or a ring membrane. All of the above-mentioned connections have the advantage that the firing pin can be produced in one piece with the cover as a plastic injection molded part.
  • the articulated connection of the ignition pin and the cover is designed such that the plastic material does not experience any expansion when the ignition pin is moved forward.
  • the cover in the ring area around the firing pin extends in the manner of a truncated cone to the firing pin.
  • the firing pin is in its retracted position, which it assumes in order to be advanced when the firing pin acts.
  • the first receiving space has, in addition to its elongated first partial space corresponding to the firing pin in cross section, a second partial space which opens into the conical region of the first partial space.
  • the firing charge pressed into the first receiving space which is preferably introduced as a wet charge, is introduced into the second partial space as well as into the conical region of the first partial space of the first receiving space by the indentation stamp.
  • the material of the primer extends as a continuous layer connecting the two subspaces. The much smaller proportion of primer material is located in the conical depression of the first subspace.
  • the ignition charge and propellant charge are accommodated in the sleeve body completely separately from one another are.
  • both sets are accommodated in separate receiving spaces, the partition wall separating the two spaces being designed as a burst wall which breaks open when the ignition charge is ignited, so that the combustion gases reach the propellant charge and ignite it.
  • the rupture wall either has a wall thickness which ensures breakup from a certain (combustion) gas pressure in the first receiving space or corresponding predetermined breaking points.
  • the sleeve body is advantageously provided with predetermined breaking points (star embossing) in the region of the (second) receiving space for the propellant charge in order to facilitate or enable the cartridge to burst open when the propellant charge is ignited.
  • the cartridge according to the invention can be used both for shot devices with edge ignition and for shot devices with central ignition.
  • the ignition pin is located at different positions on the cover, namely in the first case in the edge area, ie off-center, and in the second case in the center area of the cover.
  • the exact arrangement of the firing pin depends on the position of the firing pin of the shooting device.
  • the eccentric arrangement of the firing set in the edge region is advantageous, with all firing pins being arranged along the center line of the magazine band.
  • the firing pin of a cartridge is thus arranged in the area facing an adjacent cartridge. In this area, the cartridge bearing does not completely surround the sleeve body. When the cartridge is ignited, the firing pin increases strength, since it is arranged between the propellant charge and the "laterally open" area of the cartridge bearing.
  • the arrangement of the firing pin in the edge region of the cartridge also has the advantage that the firing charge is only protected from the environment by the sleeve body wall. This protection is sufficient as far as mechanical effects from the outside are concerned and, in addition, when the cartridge is exposed to heat due to the thin-walled body of the sleeve in this area, the igniter charge can be burned off safely, the burst wall between the igniter charge and the propellant charge preventing the propellant charge from igniting. Due to the poor thermal conductivity of plastic, the igniter withstands a short exposure to heat (temperatures of over 130 ° C are not critical anyway). In the preferred arrangement of the ignition charge on the longitudinal central axis of the magazine strip, the ignition charge is particularly well protected.
  • the cartridge tape magazine is essentially of two parts and consists of several sleeve bodies integrated in a plastic strip and several closure lid parts integrated in a closure lid strip for closing the open sides of the sleeve body.
  • the individual closure cover parts by means of flexible Film hinges
  • the plastic cover strip runs in an arc shape, ie at a distance from the sleeve body strip. In this way, the distance between adjacent closure cover parts can be adapted to the distance between associated adjacent sleeve bodies.
  • the closure lid In the area of its film hinges, the closure lid can be of the same width as the closure lid parts; but it is also possible that the side edges of the film hinges are formed with edge recesses. This creates (edge) relief holes or openings directed towards the top of the sealing strip. If a gas escapes from a cartridge between a sealing cap part and a sleeve body, the sealing cap part is not lifted off or even ignited on an adjacent cartridge by allowing the gas to escape through the relief holes or openings in the area of the film hinge before it reaches the adjacent cartridge .
  • the film hinges can also be designed in the manner of flexible tongues or webs with spaces in between; the free spaces then represent the relief holes or openings.
  • the closure cover strip is advantageously held in a clamping and snap-in manner on the sleeve body strip.
  • the sleeve body strip advantageously has, on its two longitudinal sides, the thickened edge strips projecting beyond the surface of the upper side provided with the sleeve body openings, which are essentially square or rectangular in cross section are.
  • the sealing strip is inserted with its outside edges in a clamping and latching manner against the mutually facing inner surfaces of the edge strips designed in the manner of flanges.
  • the two edge strips are directed away from one another laterally. Clearances are formed at this end between the edge strips and the remaining part of the sleeve body strip. The ends of the edge strips directed away from each other form a lock that prevents the cartridge tape magazine from being inserted if the alignment is incorrect.
  • the devices to be provided on the longitudinal edges of the tape magazine for positioning the tape magazine can be provided either on the sleeve body strip or on the cover strip.
  • the cartridge magazine can be designed both as a ring magazine and as a linear band magazine.
  • a cartridge tape magazine made of plastic is shown in side and top view.
  • the tape magazine 10 consists of two plastic strips which are connected to one another in a latching manner, namely a sleeve body strip 12 and a sealing cover strip 14
  • Sleeve body strip 12 has a plurality of sleeve bodies 16 arranged next to one another, which are connected to one another via a plastic edge 17 of the sleeve body strip 12 and each have a cap-like truncated cone shape with a flat base part 18 facing away from the closure cover strip 14.
  • the sleeve body 16 which is open towards the closure cover strip 14 is closed by closure cover parts 20 which are connected to one another in an articulated manner and are integrated in a plastic band 21 of the closure cover strip 14.
  • the sleeve body strip 12 has bead-like edge strips 22 on its two long sides. These edge strips 22 protrude upward above the sealing strip 14 and enclose it in a clamping and latching manner between them.
  • Both the sleeve body strip 12 and the closure cover strip 14 are made in one piece as plastic injection molded parts.
  • the sleeve bodies 16 together with the closure cover parts 20 form the cartridge bodies 23.
  • the essentially rectangular closure cover parts 20 are connected to one another via membranes acting as film hinges. In the area of the film hinges 24, the closure lid strip 14 has a reduced thickness.
  • the film hinges 24 are provided with edge recesses 26 on their two exposed edges. The meaning of these edge recesses 26 will be explained further below.
  • the closure cover part 20 has a closed collar edge 28 which projects downwards at right angles and runs in the manner of a sickle in plan view. In the area defined by the edge 28, the closure cover part 20 has a greater thickness than in the rest of the area.
  • the edge 28 tapers conically towards its free end; the cylindrical outer surface 28a of the edge 28 runs perpendicular to the upper side of the closure cover part 20 and thus parallel to the longitudinal axis 29 of the cartridge body 23.
  • a plastic ignition pin 30, which, like the edge 28, projects downward from the closure cover part 20 is integrally connected to the closure cover part 20.
  • the cylindrical firing pin 30 has a larger diameter in the section which adjoins the end connected to the closure cover part 20 than in the region of its free (striking) end 32.
  • This free end 32 of the firing pin 30 is conical and tapering educated.
  • the latter is provided with an axially open annular groove 34, so that a sealing lip 36 is formed on the section of enlarged diameter.
  • the ignition pin 30 is located next to the crescent-like edge 28 of the closure cover part 20, the portion of the edge 28 facing the ignition pin partially surrounding the ignition pin 30 and running parallel to the circumference of the ignition pin 30.
  • the cover strip 14 has a reduced thickness; the ring region 38 is designed in the manner of a membrane or a film hinge, which allows the ignition pin 30 to move axially while maintaining the connection with the sealing cap strip 14 or the sealing cap part 20.
  • the ring area 38 runs to End 40 of the firing pin 30 rises, the end face at the end 40 of the firing pin 30 being flush with the outer cover surface 42 when the firing pin is in the retracted or initial position shown in FIG. 3.
  • the firing pin acts, for example, on a bolt-actuating device on the end 40 of the firing pin 30 in order to axially move the firing pin 30 into its feed position, in which the striking end 32 acts mechanically on an ignition set accommodated in the sleeve body 16 .
  • the end face of the firing pin end 40 is located below the outer surface 42 of the sealing cover part, the ring region 38 falling towards the end 40 of the firing pin 30.
  • the cover part 20 has a circular recess 44, in the area of which the firing pin 30 is connected to the cover part 20 via the film hinge ring area 38.
  • the sleeve body 16 has a first receiving space 46 and a second receiving space 48. Both receiving spaces 46, 48 are separated from one another by a partition 50 and are otherwise delimited by the wall of the sleeve body 16.
  • the first receiving space 46 serves to receive the firing pin 30 and the above-mentioned primer 52.
  • the first receiving space 46 consequently has a partial space which is essentially cylindrical in the manner of a blind hole, the bottom of the bore being designed as a depression 53. In the area of its opening 54, the 54, the first receiving space 46 has an enlarged diameter, which facilitates the introduction of the firing pin 30 when the sealing cap strip 14 is placed on the sleeve body strip 12.
  • the second receiving space 48 has the opening 55.
  • the first receiving space 46 also includes a second partial space 58, which opens into the conical end 53 of the first partial space 56.
  • the two subspaces are connected to one another via the cone wall of the first subspace.
  • the second sub-chamber 58 serves to receive the ignition charge 52, which is partly also accommodated in the first sub-chamber 56, namely in the region of its conical end 53.
  • the second partial space 58 is separated from the second receiving space 48 by the partition 50.
  • the second receiving space 48 serves to receive the propellant charge 60, which is ignited by the combustion gases generated when the ignition charge 52 is ignited.
  • the second receiving space 48 extends into the area of the bottom 18 of the sleeve body 16, where the sleeve body 16 has on its inside a star embossment, indicated at 62 in FIG. 3, for producing predetermined breaking points.
  • the closure cover part 20 has an annular flange 80 which protrudes from the upper side 42 of the closure cover part 20.
  • the closure cover part 20 is inserted into the sleeve body 16 so far that its flange 80 abuts the inside of the sleeve body 16.
  • the sleeve body 16 has a flange 82, which is essentially an extension of the wall of the sleeve body 16.
  • the dimensions, in particular the thickness dimensions of both flanges 80, 82 are selected such that a wedge-shaped section 84 is formed in the area in which the two flanges touch, which tapers with increasing distance from the upper side 42 of the closure cover part 20.
  • the two flanges 80, 82 have interlocking teeth which serve as a snap-in connection between each cover part 20 and the associated sleeve body 16. 2, a recess 90 is formed per cartridge body 23.
  • the alignment of the two flanges 80, 82 of the closure cover part 20 and the sleeve body 16 relative to the longitudinal axis 29 of the cartridge body 23 is selected such that the one from both flanges 80 , 82 composite flange 84 of the cartridge body 23 (see FIGS. 4 and 5) extends at an angle of 10 ° to the longitudinal axis 29.
  • the orientation of the flange 84 thus corresponds to the conicity of the cartridge body 23.
  • the cartridge body 23 is connected to the transport strip of the tape magazine 10 via the flange 84.
  • the flange 84 of a cartridge body 23 is the portion which, when the cartridge body is in the closure, leads outwards to the outside of the closure via the space between the cartridge bearing and the closure base.
  • FIGs. 4 and 5 show cross-sectional views of an assembled cartridge 23, the mode of operation of which is explained in more detail.
  • the cartridge 23 is located in the (partially shown) closed bolt-actuating device, which consists of the cartridge bearing 94 and the closure base 96.
  • the edge 28 of the closure cover part 20 is immersed in the second receiving space 48, its outer surface 28a delimiting the second receiving space 48 in the region of its opening 55 Inner surface 50a of the sleeve body 16 and the partition 50 is tight.
  • the surfaces 28a and 50a run parallel to one another and are designed as mating surfaces.
  • the ignition pin 30 is initially in its retracted position, in which the end face of its end 40 connected to the closure cover part 20 projects beyond the surface 42 of the closure cover part 20. While the propellant charge 60 completely fills the area of the second receiving space 48 below the edge 28 of the cap, the igniter 52 has a cavity 64 on its side facing the striking end 32. This cavity is created by the way in which the firing charge is introduced in the laboratory.
  • the ignition charge 56 is first introduced as a wet charge pill into the first subspace 56 of the first receiving space 46.
  • the wet charge pill is then pressed far into the receiving space 46 with the aid of a stamp with a conical end, wherein the material of the ignition charge 52 is pressed both into the second partial space of the first receiving space 46 and into the conical depression of the first partial space 56. Due to the conical configuration of the end of the impression plunger, the material of the ignition charge 52 located in the first partial space 56 is incorporated into the material shown in FIGS. 6 and 8 brought shape, which is essentially like a hollow cone. The conical end 53 of the first partial space 56 of the first receiving space 46 is therefore covered with ignition material in a relatively small layer thickness. When the ignition charge 52 introduced as a wet charge dries, it keeps its shape.
  • the trigger in the fig. 4 and 5 at 66 indicated firing pin on the end 40 of the ignition pin 30 connected to the cover part 20, whereupon the latter moves axially in the longitudinal direction within the first receiving space.
  • the firing pin 66 is guided axially displaceably in a guide bore 98 of the closure base 96. It has an annular shoulder 100 facing away from the cartridge bearing 94, which rests gas-tight on a counter-annular shoulder 102 facing the cartridge bearing 94 when the firing pin 66 is in its retracted position, in which it strikes with its striking end 32 at the end connected to the closure cover part 20 40 of the ignition pin 30 is present.
  • the choice of the material of the sleeve body 16 favors the ignition of the ignition charge 52, since the frictional heat generated therein is hardly dissipated due to the relatively poor thermal conductivity of plastic.
  • combustion gases develop.
  • the rapidly increasing gas pressure in the first receiving space presses the sealing lip 36 of the firing pin 30 against the inner wall of the first receiving space and thus ensures a gas-tight closure of the first receiving space 46 to the outside and a high contact pressure, by means of which the firing pin 30 prevents displacement in the direction of its Treatment position is secured.
  • the rise in gas pressure finally leads to the bursting of the partition 50, which (in this respect) also takes on the function of a burst wall.
  • the hot combustion gases flowing from the first receiving space 46 into the second receiving space 48 ignite the propellant charge 60, whereupon the sleeve body 16 tears open in the base area 18 and releases the gas flow.
  • the situation described here is shown graphically in FIG. 5.
  • this intermediate space like the flange 84, which is composed of the two flanges 80 and 82, tapers in the direction of propagation of the gas pressure wave, there is a wedge-gap effect, via which the material pressure is reduced on the end of the flange 84 facing away from the closure cover part 20. where the plasticity of the plastic material withstands the pressure.
  • the striking end 32 of the firing pin 30 is in its retracted position (FIG. 4) at a distance from the conical depression 53 of the first receiving space 46, while the The conical surface of the striking end 32 bears against the conical surface of the depression of the first receiving space 46 when the ignition pin 30 (FIG. 5) is in its feed position. So that the ignition pin 30 can be moved forward in the axial direction to abut the conical depression 53 of the first receiving space 46, the plane in which the opening 54 of the first receiving space 46 lies is spaced apart from the ignition pin 30 with the ring area 38 connecting the cover part 20 . When the ignition pin 30 is in its feed position, the ring region 38 extends around the end 40 of the ignition pin 30, partly in this free space above the opening 54 of the first receiving space 46 (see FIG. 5).
  • edges 22 of the sleeve body strip 12 have outer edge recesses 72 which are arranged at the level of the film hinges 24 connecting the individual closure cover parts 20.
  • the recesses 72 do not extend over the entire thickness of the edges 22.
  • the recesses 72 define the amount by which the tape magazine 10 must be advanced in order to load the next cartridge 23.
  • Both edges 22 are separated at one end of the sleeve body strip 12 from its remaining part and extend outward from one another.
  • the width of the sleeve body strip 12 at this end is therefore greater than in the rest of the area of the sleeve body strip. This prevents incorrect insertion of the tape magazine 10 into the shooting device.
  • the tape magazine 10 shown in the figures and the cartridges 23 integrated in it have the following listed characteristics and properties.
  • the entire tape magazine 10 consists only of two injection-molded plastic parts, namely the sleeve body strip 12 and the sealing cover strip 14. Accordingly, each cartridge 23 consists only of the plastic sleeve body 16 and the plastic sealing cover part 20.
  • the ignition charge 52 can be reliably ignited despite the arrangement between two relatively soft plastic parts, namely the firing pin striking end 32 and the wall of the recess 53 in the first receiving space 46 with correspondingly low ignition forces.
  • the firing pin 30 is integrally connected to the cover parts.
  • the ignition charge 52 is introduced relatively deep into the sleeve body 16, so that contamination in the area of the sleeve body opening 54, 55 and thus no leaks in the closure cover parts do not occur.
  • the ignition charge 52 can be accommodated in the first receiving space 46 simply by axially inserting a set pill.
  • This axial introduction is very simple in terms of production technology and therefore inexpensive to implement.
  • the tool for this is, for example, an axially displaceable punch which axially presses the pill into the first receiving space 46 up to its conical recess 64.
  • stamps can work at the same time to make a large number of cartridges to be equipped with the ignition kits.
  • the sleeve body wall 16 is relatively thin, which is indicated in the figures at 74 and is produced by a recess 76 formed in the conical depression 53. Due to the special arrangement of the ignition charge material in the form of a funnel and the ignition principle described above, reliable ignition of the propellant charge can be achieved with less ignition charge material. This means that fewer residues in the shooting device and lower pollutant emissions occur. Finally, there is more space left in the cartridge for the propellant charge.
  • the gas tightness in the intermediate space which is not closed in the direction of pressure expansion by either the cartridge bearing 94 or the closure bottom 96, in which the flange 84 of the cartridge body 23 is arranged, prevents material extrusion due to the wedge-gap effect. This makes it possible to use 23 polypropylene as the plastic material for the sleeve body and the closure part of the cartridge body.
  • the tightness at the interface between the flange 80 of the closure cover part 20 and the flange 82 of the sleeve body 16 is also achieved due to the wedge-gap effect in the wedge-shaped tapered flange section 84 of the cartridge body 23, namely a gas-tight pressure due to the strong pressure acting on the cartridge bearing 94 and the closure base 96 Installation of the flanges 80 and 82 is achieved.
  • the firing pin 30 is held clamped even when the propellant charge 60 is ignited, namely by the contact forces of the edge 28 of the sealing cap, which act on the firing pin 30 via the partition 50.
  • edge recesses 26 of the film hinges 24 of the cover strip 14 act like relief holes or openings through which the gases can escape before they reach the adjacent cartridge 23.
  • the sleeve body strips and sealing strip strips produced as tapes can be sprayed in the grid in such a way that multiple handling during manufacture is possible with the simplest means.
  • Several sleeve body strips and several sealing cover strips are thus produced separately from one another.
  • the sleeve bodies arranged in the grid are then fitted with the ignition and propellant charge sets. Then the cover part grid is put on. The introduction the firing pin in the openings 54 of the sleeve body is facilitated by the enlarged receiving spaces in the opening area.
  • edges 28 of the cap parts 20 protrude downward over their sealing lips 36 when the firing pins 30 are in the retracted position, the edges 28 are already immersed in the sleeve body before the firing pin can be pushed over when the cap parts are not placed on carefully.
  • a firing pin 30, which does not run coaxially to the first receiving space 46, can consequently be inserted into the first receiving space 46 reliably and without problems during the production of the tape magazines.
  • the quantity of primer charge arranged in the funnel-shaped manner in the first receiving space 46 and the depression 53 force the primer pin 30 into the "igniter center” even if the firing pin 30 is deformed, thus ensuring correct functioning.
  • FIGS. 6 to 11 describe other exemplary embodiments for the wedge gap in the flange of the cartridge body, the wedge gap which is formed in each case being indicated by dash-dotted lines.
  • the information in Figs. 1 to 5 parts shown the same parts with the same reference numerals.
  • the flange 104 of the cartridge body 106 shown in FIG. 6 is also formed to protrude rearward beyond the cover-side end of the cartridge body 106.
  • the flange 104 extends at an angle of approximately 10 ° to the longitudinal axis 29 of the cartridge body 106.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 shows a projection which plunges into the space enclosed by the annular flange 104 and which rests with its side surfaces on the inner surfaces of the flange 104 and with its front surface on the closure cover part 108.
  • the flange 104 which is composed of a flange 110 of the closure cover part 108 and a flange 112 of the sleeve body 114, not only represents the extension of the side wall of the sleeve body 114, but is arranged offset radially outward to the sleeve body 114.
  • the material is deflected in the transition area between flange 104 and sleeve body 114, so that a stepped area 116 is created. This deflection 116 is followed by the flange 104, which tapers with increasing distance from the sleeve body and the closure cover part.
  • the deflection represents a resistance for the plastic material of the cartridge body 106 which is loaded by the gas pressure; Already this measure reduces the tendency of material extrusion, which is completely suppressed by the wedge gap effect in the conically tapered flange 104, which fills the conically tapering space between the cartridge bearing 94 and the closure base 96.
  • FIG. 7 Another example of a deflection area upstream of the tapered flange is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the deflection region 116 in this exemplary embodiment extends over almost 180 °, in the present case over approximately 160 ° to 170 °.
  • the flange 118 is tapered in a wedge shape.
  • the closure cover part 122 of the cartridge body 120 runs above the free end of the flange 118.
  • the closure base 96 has a recess into which the closure cover part 122 is immersed when the closure is closed.
  • the cartridge bearing 94 has a collar facing the closure bottom 96, which protrudes into the space between the sleeve body 124 and the flange 118.
  • the longitudinal edges 22 of the tape magazine 10 having the transport recesses 72 are formed by the ends of the flange formed on the closure cover part 122.
  • the longitudinal edges 22 with their transport recesses 72 are formed by the flange 126 adjoining the sleeve body 124.
  • the free end 128 of this flange 126 is placed around the free end 130 of the flange 132, which is connected to the cover part 133.
  • the sealing cover part 133 of the cartridge body 134 according to FIG. 9 runs above the end 126 of the flange 128.
  • the flange 118 is likewise connected to the actual cartridge body 134 via a deflection region 137.
  • the flange 136 is designed to taper to the ends 130, 128 in order to achieve the wedge-gap effect.
  • FIG. 8 Another example of a wedge-shaped flange is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the upper side of the closure cover part 138 of this cartridge body 140 is finally provided with the upper side of the magazine strip.
  • the sleeve body 142 closes the Sleeve body flange 144, in the portion of which the cover flange 146 formed as a tapering edge section of the closure cover part 138 bears.
  • the flange 144 extends at an angle of approximately 50 ° to 60 ° to the longitudinal axis 29 of the cartridge body 140, the outer surface of the flange 144 and the outer surface of the flange 146 (top side of the closure cover part 138) being at an angle to one another.
  • the wedge-shaped flange 148 of the cartridge body 140 is formed in this area. The wedge gap formed in this way is lying flat compared to the previously described ones.
  • the wedge-shaped flange 152 also extends rearward beyond the end of the cartridge body 150 on the cover side, wherein it presents itself, so to speak, as an extension of the wall of the sleeve body 154.
  • the flange 152 of the cartridge body 150 is composed of a flange 156 of the sleeve body 154 and a flange 158 of the closure part 160.
  • the closure base 96 in turn has a protruding region 162, with which it projects into the recess delimited by the cover flange 158 when the closure is closed. It rests with its side surfaces 164 on the inner surface 166 of the flange 158.
  • the front face 168 of the protruding part 162 of the closure base 96 facing the closure cover part 160 is arranged at a distance from the closure cover part 160 when touch surfaces 164 and 166 (see FIG. 10).
  • the bracing of the flanges 158 and 156 is strengthened, so that the wedge-gap effect, which anyway exists in this area because of the wedge-shaped flange 152 consisting of the flanges 156 and 158, is further increased.
  • FIG. 11 also shows that the space between the cartridge bearing 94 and the projecting part 162 of the closure base 96 does not increase appreciably if the device closure does not is completely closed. This is due to the orientation of the flange 152, which extends at an angle of a few degrees, preferably approximately 10 °, to the longitudinal axis 29 of the cartridge body 150.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
EP94100844A 1993-01-26 1994-01-21 Cartouche en plastique pour un dispositif de tir, notamment un dispositif scellement de chevilles Expired - Lifetime EP0608776B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4301967A DE4301967A1 (de) 1993-01-26 1993-01-26 Kartusche aus Kunststoff für ein Schußgerät, insbesondere ein Bolzensetzgerät
DE4301967 1993-01-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0608776A1 true EP0608776A1 (fr) 1994-08-03
EP0608776B1 EP0608776B1 (fr) 2000-04-12

Family

ID=6478882

Family Applications (1)

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EP94100844A Expired - Lifetime EP0608776B1 (fr) 1993-01-26 1994-01-21 Cartouche en plastique pour un dispositif de tir, notamment un dispositif scellement de chevilles

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US5492065A (fr)
EP (1) EP0608776B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06246650A (fr)
KR (1) KR940018170A (fr)
CN (1) CN1044878C (fr)
AU (1) AU682326B2 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ16694A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE4301967A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI940366A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2835462A1 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2003-08-08 Hilti Ag Cartouche, en particulier pour outils de scellement, et dispositif pour l'amorcage d'une charge propulsive, en particulier pour outils de scellement

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4136932C2 (de) * 1991-11-11 1999-07-22 Hilti Ag Kartuschenmagazin
JP3556951B2 (ja) * 1993-10-01 2004-08-25 ヘンロブ・リミテッド ファスナ用のキャリヤーテープ
IT1272076B (it) * 1993-12-16 1997-06-11 Olivetti Canon Ind Spa Dispositivo di misura del livello di inchiostro di un modulo di stampaa getto di inchiostro
DE4433935A1 (de) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Temic Bayern Chem Airbag Gmbh Gasgenerator
US5719348A (en) * 1996-01-16 1998-02-17 Blount, Inc. Component holder for cartridge reloading
GB2313037A (en) * 1996-05-16 1997-11-19 Alliedsignal Ltd Gas generator housing for a safety belt pretensioner
DE19958571A1 (de) * 1999-12-04 2001-06-07 Hilti Ag Kartusche für Setzgeräte
DE10259818A1 (de) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-01 Hilti Ag Brennkraftbetriebenes Arbeitsgerät, insbesondere Setzgerät für Befestigungselemente
HK1119021A2 (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-02-20 Buzz Bee Toys H K Co Ltd Ammunition chain for toy projectiles
EP3124181A1 (fr) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-01 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'entrainement, bandes de cartouches et systeme de fixation
ES2741205T3 (es) * 2015-07-31 2020-02-10 Hilti Ag Dispositivo de impulsión, bandas de cartuchos y sistema de fijación
EP3184258A1 (fr) * 2015-12-23 2017-06-28 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Bandes de cartouches et systeme de fixation
GB2561186A (en) * 2017-04-04 2018-10-10 Accles & Shelvoke Ltd Blank cartridges
GB2581155A (en) 2019-02-05 2020-08-12 Accles & Shelvoke Ltd Device for use in the humane slaughter of animals
JP1641301S (fr) * 2019-04-12 2019-09-17

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1167733A (fr) * 1955-08-29 1958-11-28 Portable Ind Perfectionnements aux cartouches et aux appareils servant à les tirer
GB1316784A (en) * 1969-06-07 1973-05-16 Fiocchi Spa Giulio Blank cartridge for percussion tools
US4370930A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-02-01 Ford Motor Company End cap for a propellant container
EP0273777A1 (fr) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-06 Edward W. Bowman Magasin contenant des charges explosives pour outil d'enfoncement avec piston
EP0377924A1 (fr) * 1988-12-09 1990-07-18 Edward W. Bowman Magasin contenant des charges explosives pour outil d'enfoncement avec piston
EP0390738A1 (fr) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Ruban-chargeur pour charges propulsives
EP0525613A1 (fr) * 1991-07-24 1993-02-03 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Cartouche en plastique et magasin-ruban en plastique pour cartouches

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4920885A (en) * 1987-01-02 1990-05-01 Bowman E W Explosive charge containing magazine for RAM setting gun
US4819562A (en) * 1987-01-02 1989-04-11 Bowman E W Explosive charge containing magazine for ram setting gun

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1167733A (fr) * 1955-08-29 1958-11-28 Portable Ind Perfectionnements aux cartouches et aux appareils servant à les tirer
GB1316784A (en) * 1969-06-07 1973-05-16 Fiocchi Spa Giulio Blank cartridge for percussion tools
US4370930A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-02-01 Ford Motor Company End cap for a propellant container
EP0273777A1 (fr) * 1987-01-02 1988-07-06 Edward W. Bowman Magasin contenant des charges explosives pour outil d'enfoncement avec piston
EP0377924A1 (fr) * 1988-12-09 1990-07-18 Edward W. Bowman Magasin contenant des charges explosives pour outil d'enfoncement avec piston
EP0390738A1 (fr) * 1989-03-31 1990-10-03 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Ruban-chargeur pour charges propulsives
EP0525613A1 (fr) * 1991-07-24 1993-02-03 Dynamit Nobel Aktiengesellschaft Cartouche en plastique et magasin-ruban en plastique pour cartouches

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2835462A1 (fr) * 2001-12-17 2003-08-08 Hilti Ag Cartouche, en particulier pour outils de scellement, et dispositif pour l'amorcage d'une charge propulsive, en particulier pour outils de scellement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5397794A (en) 1994-08-04
EP0608776B1 (fr) 2000-04-12
KR940018170A (ko) 1994-08-16
CN1044878C (zh) 1999-09-01
DE4301967A1 (de) 1994-07-28
CN1102152A (zh) 1995-05-03
DE59409279D1 (de) 2000-05-18
US5492065A (en) 1996-02-20
JPH06246650A (ja) 1994-09-06
AU682326B2 (en) 1997-10-02
FI940366A0 (fi) 1994-01-25
CZ16694A3 (en) 1994-08-17
FI940366A (fi) 1994-07-27

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