EP0601440B1 - Sortie d'air - Google Patents

Sortie d'air Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0601440B1
EP0601440B1 EP93119257A EP93119257A EP0601440B1 EP 0601440 B1 EP0601440 B1 EP 0601440B1 EP 93119257 A EP93119257 A EP 93119257A EP 93119257 A EP93119257 A EP 93119257A EP 0601440 B1 EP0601440 B1 EP 0601440B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet
disc
air
apertures
ventilation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93119257A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0601440A2 (fr
EP0601440A3 (fr
Inventor
Gottfried Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schako KG
Original Assignee
Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE9216681U external-priority patent/DE9216681U1/de
Application filed by Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad KG filed Critical Schako Metallwarenfabrik Ferdinand Schad KG
Publication of EP0601440A2 publication Critical patent/EP0601440A2/fr
Publication of EP0601440A3 publication Critical patent/EP0601440A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0601440B1 publication Critical patent/EP0601440B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a source outlet for introducing cold and / or warm supply air into a room with an inlet, which connects to an air duct system, and an adjoining housing shell, which is provided with a multiplicity of holes, an outlet disk on the housing shell Connects outlet openings, the clear width of which can be changed and wherein the outlet disk is assigned a throttle disk, the throttle disk being provided with openings which change the clear width of the outlet openings when the throttle disk is rotated about a common axis with the outlet disk,
  • Such source outlets are known in many forms and designs. Above all, they serve to prevent supply air from being thrown into a room, as is the case, for example, with swirl outlets or outlets with slits.
  • Such diffusers differ in that the supply air virtually oozes out through the large number of holes in the housing jacket, and drafts are avoided in any case. Therefore, such source outlets are used for the introduction of cold air in the ceiling area, while they are arranged for the introduction of warm air on the floor.
  • DE 37 43 579 (A1) shows an outlet, in particular a ceiling outlet for warm and / or cold air, in which the air is fed into an enclosure via an inlet.
  • This housing has a base plate with cutouts for venting the air. The width of these recesses can be changed if necessary.
  • an air passage is known from EP 0 401 481, which has a perforated jacket. This passage is provided with a bottom, which has closable air passage openings. These air passage openings are optionally opened or closed continuously by a segment disk.
  • An air outlet for ventilation and / or air conditioning systems is known from DE-OS 26 50 413. This is provided with a cylindrical housing, which has an end wall with air openings at the end. These air openings can be partially or completely closed by means of a shut-off device. In addition, isolated support jet blow-out openings are provided in the edge area, which permanently bring air to the outside.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a source outlet, which improves both the introduction of cold air and warm air from the ceiling area.
  • perforations are provided at least partially in the throttle disk and / or outlet disk, which are released when the throttle disk is rotated accordingly.
  • a throttle disk is preferably provided within the source outlet, which is also populated with openings. These openings preferably coincide with the outlet openings, and of course both the geometric configuration of these openings and their arrangement can be selected as desired.
  • perforations in the throttle disk or in the outlet disk which can be released by a corresponding rotation of the throttle disk.
  • these perforations are provided on a fixed strip of the throttle disc near the openings. This makes it possible to adjust the source outlet so that a certain part of the amount of air can escape downward as source air, so that the total area of the source outlet is actually used for one source air outlet. This has the great advantage that a very large amount of air can be introduced into a room without drafts and without any problems.
  • this is the area distant from a center point of the outlet disk.
  • direct passages are formed in the area near the center through which air can flow directly downwards.
  • this occurs with a lower penetration depth.
  • the air flow with a lower penetration depth means that Air swelling out of the perforations is quickly introduced into the room, although the perforations in turn create a large number of small induction zones which lead to a mixing of the air.
  • the throttle disk forms an insert in the housing jacket together with an annular jacket.
  • This insert is rotatably connected to the outlet disc, and the rotation can be done manually or via a corresponding servomotor. Many possibilities are conceivable here and are intended to be encompassed by the invention.
  • Outlet slots are preferably punched into the ring jacket.
  • the ring jacket extends only over a smaller part of the height of the housing jacket with the holes.
  • These outlet slots have the advantage that they impart a swirl and an acceleration to the emerging supply air, through which the supply air flows horizontally out of the outlet at a higher speed.
  • the supply air especially cold air, is routed across a larger area approximately horizontally along a ceiling and only then sinks into the room. This is a very significant advantage of the present invention.
  • the air that swells out of the housing jacket above the outlet slots cannot sink directly downward, but is carried along by the air that swells out at a higher speed and is guided to the outside.
  • the overall shape of the source outlet is also of minor importance, it can be round, angular, roman or the like.
  • the outlet according to the invention can be used in both low and very high rooms, and when used in low rooms it generally serves as a source outlet.
  • this outlet can be continuously covered from 20% to 60% on the side, so that this outlet can also be attached to round or square columns, walls, etc.
  • the amount of air supplied to the outlet should preferably be controlled by a preliminary shut-off valve, which can be adjusted from below.
  • a known volume flow controller is also possible, as described, for example, in DE-OS 39 17 360.
  • a source outlet Q according to the invention has gem.
  • Fig. 2 has a funnel-shaped inlet 1 for warm or cold supply air, which passes through the inlet 1 into an interior 2 of the source outlet Q.
  • the funnel-shaped inlet 1 connects, not shown in more detail, to a corresponding air duct system.
  • the funnel-shaped inlet 1 has an annular collar 3 with which it is placed on a housing jacket 4 of the source outlet Q.
  • This housing jacket 4 is provided with a multiplicity of holes 5.
  • a supply air located in the interior 2 can emerge approximately horizontally through these holes 5. It “swells" from the multitude of Holes 5 out, which gives this outlet the name "source outlet”.
  • outlet disk 6 which in turn is placed on the housing jacket 4 via an annular collar 7.
  • outlet openings 8 are preferably arranged which, as shown in FIG. 1, run away from a center M of the outlet disk 6 in a star shape. In the present exemplary embodiment, these outlet openings 8 have a rectangular or square shape, but a large number of other geometric shapes are also conceivable.
  • insert 9 which has an annular jacket 10 and a throttle disk 11. The insert 9 is connected to the outlet disk 6 so that in particular the throttle disk 11 can be rotated about an axis A with respect to the outlet disk 6.
  • a screw 12 with a lock nut 13 connects the outlet disk 6 to the throttle disk 11.
  • the screw 12 thus sits in the center M of the outlet disk 6.
  • the insert 9 can be placed in the interior 2 by Axis A can be rotated.
  • the throttle plate 11 is also provided with corresponding openings 14, which correspond approximately to the outlet openings 8 in their width, the clear width of the outlet openings 8 can hereby be adjusted.
  • part of a remaining strip 15 is preferably provided with perforations 16, from which supply air can also flow out. The distribution of these perforations on the corresponding openings 14 or outlet openings 8 is done as desired.
  • This configuration has the advantage that in any case a certain part of the air volume is also downward as source air can escape, which means that large amounts of air can be introduced into a room without any draft.
  • only the outer openings 14 are provided with stationary parts with perforations 16, while the inner openings 14 around the center M have no such strips with perforations. This creates a suitable outflow zone, which means that the supply air only reaches a certain depth. This is of great advantage when cold air is supplied. The cold air exits through the perforations 16 and the small passages 17 near the center M only as source air or air with a low penetration depth.
  • the outlet openings 8 are opened as far as possible, so that the air can escape with a very large depth of penetration.
  • the strips 15 and the perforations create a large number of small induction zones which immediately mix the inflowing air. This is absolutely desirable in the case of warm air, because it ensures that rooms are heated up very quickly and that the warm air also comes deep into a lounge area. This avoids long heating times and, above all, annoying cold air lakes, which could possibly form in the bottom of a room. The short heating-up times save an enormous amount of energy.
  • the ring jacket 10 should also be provided with outlet slots 18.
  • These outlet slots 18 are preferably stamped into the ring jacket 10 and are formed obliquely, so that a swirl is also given to air which then emerges through the housing jacket 4 or the holes 5.
  • Source outlet Q is flung away, so that, for example, cold air is brought very far along a ceiling until it can sink into the room from above. Drafts are avoided in any case. The call air also does not fall directly from the source outlet.
  • outlet slots 18 arranged just above the outlet disk 6 have the advantage that the escaping air intercepts the swelling air emerging above the holes 5 and takes them out along a ceiling.
  • a source outlet Q1 in accordance with FIG. 4, is particularly useful if, as shown in FIG. 4, this outlet is set up near a wall 19 or unhooked. Furthermore, the insert 9 is missing from this outlet.
  • the strips 15a are also not provided with perforations.
  • Stiffening rings 20 can be provided inside the jellyfish outlet Q1. Depending on requirements, it is also possible to design these stiffening rings with a different width b or b1, in which case these stiffening rings 20 also act as deflection plates. It is also possible that an additional perforated plate of different diameters is located inside the stiffening rings 20.
  • an outlet can be connected to the housing jacket 4 in a further exemplary embodiment of a swelling outlet Q2 according to FIGS. 5 and 6, as is known from DE-OS 37 43 579.

Claims (11)

  1. Sortie d'air servant à introduire de l'air froid et/ou chaud dans une pièce, comportant :
    • une entrée (1) reliée à un système d'amenée d'air et à laquelle est raccordée une enveloppe périphérique de boîtier (4) percée d'un grand nombre de trous (5),
    • un disque de sortie raccordé à l'enveloppe (4) et percé d'ouvertures de sortie (8) à passage libre variable, et
    • un disque d'étranglement (11) associé au disque de sortie (6) et percé d'ouvertures (14), disque d'étranglement qui, par rotation autour d'un axe (A) commun avec le disque (6), permet de faire varier le passage libre des ouvertures de sortie (8),
    caractérisée en ce que
    le disque d'étranglement (11) et/ou le disque de sortie (6) sont garnis au moins en partie de perforations (16) que libère une rotation correspondante du disque d'étranglement (11).
  2. Sortie d'air selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les perforations (16) sont placées loin du centre (M) du disque de sortie (6) tandis que des passages (17) sont prévus près du centre.
  3. Sortie d'air selon les revendications 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les ouvertures de sortie (8) ont la forme de rayons issus du centre (M), dans le disque de sortie (6).
  4. Sortie d'air selon les revendications 2 ou 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le disque d'étranglement (11) est associé à une enveloppe annulaire (10) pour former un insert (9) logé dans l'enveloppe de boîtier (4).
  5. Sortie d'air selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'enveloppe annulaire (10) est percée de fentes de sortie (18).
  6. Sortie d'air selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les fentes de sortie (18) sont parallèles à l'axe (A).
  7. Sortie d'air selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'enveloppe de boîtier (4a) est équipée d'anneaux de rigidification (20).
  8. Sortie d'air selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les anneaux de rigidification (20) jouent le rôle de tôles déflectrices présentant des largeurs différentes (b, b1).
  9. Sortie d'air selon la revendication 7 ou 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les anneaux de rigidification (20) entourent des tôles perforées.
  10. Sortie d'air selon au moins l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce qu'
    un anneau (23) percé d'ouvertures latérales (22) est placé entre l'enveloppe de boîtier (4) et le disque de sortie (6).
  11. Sortie d'air selon la revendication 10,
    caractérisée en ce qu'
    à l'intérieur de l'anneau (23) se trouve un autre anneau (24), tournant et percé d'ouvertures (25).
EP93119257A 1992-12-08 1993-11-30 Sortie d'air Expired - Lifetime EP0601440B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9216681U DE9216681U1 (fr) 1992-12-08 1992-12-08
DE9216681U 1992-12-08
DE9304136U 1993-03-19
DE9304136U DE9304136U1 (fr) 1992-12-08 1993-03-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0601440A2 EP0601440A2 (fr) 1994-06-15
EP0601440A3 EP0601440A3 (fr) 1995-01-25
EP0601440B1 true EP0601440B1 (fr) 1997-09-24

Family

ID=25960232

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93119257A Expired - Lifetime EP0601440B1 (fr) 1992-12-08 1993-11-30 Sortie d'air

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0601440B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE158647T1 (fr)
CZ (2) CZ5667U1 (fr)
DE (2) DE9304136U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2106944T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUT66811A (fr)
PL (1) PL301351A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK137493A3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19601625A1 (de) * 1996-01-18 1997-07-24 Schako Metallwarenfabrik Quellauslaß
CZ297707B6 (cs) * 2002-06-24 2007-03-07 Kurán@Jozef Výpust
DE102012224166B4 (de) 2012-12-21 2019-01-10 Gerhard Dehner Vorrichtung zur chaotisch-intermittierenden Zuluftzuführung in einen Raum

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401481A1 (fr) * 1989-06-03 1990-12-12 H.KRANTZ - TKT Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Sortie d'air

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1146640B (de) * 1956-11-17 1963-04-04 Iain Maxwell Stewart Vorrichtung zum Verteilen von aus einer Versorgungsleitung ausstroemender Luft
BE766232A (nl) * 1970-07-09 1971-10-25 Philips Nv Verdeler voor toegevoerde lucht naar een ruimte
DE2650413A1 (de) * 1976-11-03 1978-05-11 Mabag Luft & Klimatechnik Luftauslass fuer lueftungs- und/oder klimatisierungssysteme
DE3928621C2 (de) * 1989-08-30 1995-03-30 Krantz Tkt Gmbh Bodenquellauslaß

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0401481A1 (fr) * 1989-06-03 1990-12-12 H.KRANTZ - TKT Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Sortie d'air

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUT66811A (en) 1995-01-30
DE59307430D1 (de) 1997-10-30
CZ268693A3 (en) 1994-10-19
SK137493A3 (en) 1994-11-09
EP0601440A2 (fr) 1994-06-15
ATE158647T1 (de) 1997-10-15
ES2106944T3 (es) 1997-11-16
DE9304136U1 (fr) 1993-07-15
CZ5667U1 (cs) 1997-02-04
EP0601440A3 (fr) 1995-01-25
PL301351A1 (en) 1994-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69824602T2 (de) Integrale luftauslassmodule und dazugehörige heiz- und kühlsysteme
DE2013244A1 (de) Luftversorgungsvorrichtung zur Injektion von vorzugsweise kalter Ventilationsluft
DE3810482C2 (fr)
DE2106394A1 (de) Luftversorgungsvorrichtung zum Einblasen von vorzugsweise kalter Ventilationsluft
DE3903311A1 (de) Vorrichtung zum be- und ggfs. auch entlueften eines raumes
DE2609030C3 (de) Vorrichtung zum Führen von aus einer luftdurchlässigen perforierten Fläche austretenden Luftströmen
EP0601440B1 (fr) Sortie d'air
EP0360147B1 (fr) Boucle à écoulement en spirales
DE3017397C2 (de) Luftauslaß
DE2303592B2 (de) LUftungstechnisches Bauelement
DE3012588C2 (de) Strahlungsbrenner, insbesondere für gasförmigen Brennstoff
EP0563509B1 (fr) Sortie d'air pour installation de traitement d'air
EP0606078B1 (fr) Sortie d'air pour installation de traitement d'air
DD142469A5 (de) Lufteinblaskonstruktion
DE2847017B1 (de) Zuluftauslass fuer die Decke von zu belueftenden und zu klimatisierenden Raeumen
DE2154841A1 (de) Ls feuerschutz dienende, thermisch betaetigbare absperrvorrichtung fuer die kanaele von lueftungs- und klimaanlagen
DE3143989C1 (de) Kernkraftwerk mit einem Sicherheitsbehaelter
DE19626884C2 (de) Luftauslaß
DE3526295A1 (de) Luftvorhang
EP0683361A2 (fr) Sortie d'air
DE2442378C3 (de) Deckenluftauslaß
DE102008031220A1 (de) Hybridkühlturm
DE2536840C2 (fr)
DE2155967C2 (de) Radialer Zuluftverteiler
DE4400040A1 (de) Quelluftdurchlaß für raumlufttechnische Anlagen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950208

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19960729

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE ES FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 158647

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19971015

Kind code of ref document: T

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: RITSCHER & SEIFERT PATENTANWAELTE VSP

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

ET Fr: translation filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19970925

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59307430

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19971030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2106944

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971130

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19971130

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: OBEROSLER LUDWIG

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19971224

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: SCHAKO METALLWARENFABRIK FERDINAND SCHAD K.G.

Effective date: 19971130

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20001013

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20001023

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20001026

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20001101

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20001117

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20001127

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20010430

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011130

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011130

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011130

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20011201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020702

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20011130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20020730

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 20020601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20021213

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20051130