EP0592717B1 - Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner - Google Patents
Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0592717B1 EP0592717B1 EP92117673A EP92117673A EP0592717B1 EP 0592717 B1 EP0592717 B1 EP 0592717B1 EP 92117673 A EP92117673 A EP 92117673A EP 92117673 A EP92117673 A EP 92117673A EP 0592717 B1 EP0592717 B1 EP 0592717B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- fuel
- premixing
- nozzles
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
- F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
- F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
- F23D2203/007—Mixing tubes, air supply regulation
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas-powered premix burner for the combustion chamber, for example a gas turbine which within a pre-mixing space over a plurality Fuel injected from nozzles prior to ignition is intensively mixed with the combustion air, the Nozzles are arranged around a burner axis.
- premix burners where flame burners can be dispensed with are in the form of double-cone burners known from EP-B1-0 321 809.
- the invention tries to avoid all these disadvantages. It is based on the task of creating a measure by means of which the combustion chamber can be operated as close as possible to the lean extinguishing limit, ie in the area in which practically no NO x is produced.
- the burner is operational with a very lean mixture remain, the regulation can be simplified in that that now when loading and unloading the combustion chamber Air number ranges can be traversed with the previous premix combustion with a uniform fuel profile because of their lean extinction limit, as a rule could not be driven through.
- the schematically shown premix burner is a so-called double-cone burner, such as that used for example is known from EP-B1-0 321 809.
- Such Burners can, for example, in the dome-shaped conclusion Single combustion chamber or arranged in an annular combustion chamber be.
- the burner consists essentially of two hollow, conical ones Partial bodies 11, 12 which are nested in the flow direction are. Here are the respective central axes 13, 14 of the two partial bodies offset from one another. The neighboring walls of the two partial bodies form in their Longitudinal extension tangential slots 15 for the combustion air, which in this way in the premixing chamber 21 Inside the burner.
- the burner is in the example with gaseous fuel operated.
- Gas inflow openings 17 are provided in the form of nozzles. These nozzles are made up of one manifold per cone 18 supplied, which in turn is fed by the gas supply line 19 becomes.
- the fuel control takes place via the control valve 20.
- the mixture formation begins in such a gas operation with the combustion air already in the zone the entry slots 15.
- the required NO x limit values can be easily fallen below.
- the stability limit is low due to the low flame temperature.
- the range between ignitability and extinguishing is relatively narrow for the safe operation of the combustion chamber over the full load range.
- the additional amount of gas injected causes a premixed enrichment on the axis 10 of the burner.
- At the burner outlet there is therefore an uneven distribution of fuel over the cross-section acted upon and thus zones with different excess air numbers.
- the largely independent core flame generated in this way in the area of the burner axis is considerably more stable than the main flame surrounding it and produced with the evenly distributed fuel concentration.
- NO x accumulation is still lower than with a burner piloted with a diffusion flame.
- the decisive factor in any case is the improved extinguishing limit without a corresponding increase in NO x .
- the new measure which in the majority of the operating area guarantees a mode of operation at the extinguishing limit, means that the NO x values of 20 ppm that can be achieved today can certainly be significantly undercut.
- the invention is also not limited to Premix burner of the double cone type, in which the Mixture enrichment takes place in the burner axis, but it can be used in all combustion chamber zones in which one Flame stabilization through a prevailing air velocity field is produced.
- the illustrated double-cone burner could also be considered a mixed oil / gas driving style in the tip of the cone still with one lying in the burner axis
- the fuel can come from this at a certain angle be injected into the hollow cone.
- the resulting conical Liquid fuel profile is flowing from the tangential Combustion air enclosed. In the axial direction the concentration of fuel continuously as a result of Mixing with the combustion air reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE59209209T DE59209209D1 (de) | 1992-10-16 | 1992-10-16 | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
EP92117673A EP0592717B1 (de) | 1992-10-16 | 1992-10-16 | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
US08/120,086 US5482457A (en) | 1992-10-16 | 1993-09-13 | Gas-operated premixing burner |
JP25813593A JP3553995B2 (ja) | 1992-10-16 | 1993-10-15 | ガス作動式のプレミックスバーナ |
KR1019930021550A KR940009586A (ko) | 1992-10-16 | 1993-10-16 | 가스 작동 프리믹싱 버너 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92117673A EP0592717B1 (de) | 1992-10-16 | 1992-10-16 | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0592717A1 EP0592717A1 (de) | 1994-04-20 |
EP0592717B1 true EP0592717B1 (de) | 1998-02-25 |
Family
ID=8210136
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92117673A Expired - Lifetime EP0592717B1 (de) | 1992-10-16 | 1992-10-16 | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5482457A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0592717B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3553995B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR940009586A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE59209209D1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8484979B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2013-07-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner fuel staging |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4426353A1 (de) * | 1994-07-25 | 1996-02-01 | Abb Research Ltd | Brenner |
DE4441641A1 (de) * | 1994-11-23 | 1996-05-30 | Abb Management Ag | Brennkammer mit Vormischbrennern |
DE4446842B4 (de) * | 1994-12-27 | 2006-08-10 | Alstom | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Zuleiten eines gasförmigen Brennstoffs in einen Vormischbrenner |
DE4446945B4 (de) * | 1994-12-28 | 2005-03-17 | Alstom | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner |
DE19507763A1 (de) * | 1995-03-06 | 1996-09-12 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoffs in einer Gasturbine |
DE59710380D1 (de) * | 1997-11-21 | 2003-08-07 | Alstom | Brenner für den Betrieb eines Wärmeerzeugers |
US6176087B1 (en) | 1997-12-15 | 2001-01-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Bluff body premixing fuel injector and method for premixing fuel and air |
WO2001096785A1 (de) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-20 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd | Verfahren zum betrieb eines brenners sowie brenner mit gestufter vormischgas-eindüsung |
DE10029607A1 (de) * | 2000-06-15 | 2001-12-20 | Alstom Power Nv | Brenner mit gestufter Vormischgas-Eindüsung |
DE10049205A1 (de) | 2000-10-05 | 2002-05-23 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Brennstoffversorgung eines Vormischbrenners |
DE10051221A1 (de) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-07-11 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoff-Eindüsung |
DE10055408A1 (de) | 2000-11-09 | 2002-05-23 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren zur Brenstoffeinspritzung in einen Brenner |
DE10064893A1 (de) * | 2000-12-23 | 2002-11-14 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoffeindüsung |
DE10104150A1 (de) | 2001-01-30 | 2002-09-05 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenneranlage und Verfahren zu ihrem Betrieb |
DE10108560A1 (de) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-09-05 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Ringbrennkammer sowie eine diesbezügliche Ringbrennkammer |
DE10164099A1 (de) * | 2001-12-24 | 2003-07-03 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Brenner mit gestufter Brennstoffeinspritzung |
KR100830316B1 (ko) * | 2002-08-09 | 2008-05-19 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | 관상화염버너, 그 연소제어방법 및 장치 |
EP1510755B1 (de) * | 2003-09-01 | 2016-09-28 | General Electric Technology GmbH | Brenner mit Brennerlanze und gestufter Brennstoffeindüsung |
DE102004002631A1 (de) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-08-11 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinen-Brennkammer |
EP1730447A1 (de) * | 2004-03-31 | 2006-12-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Brenner |
WO2006069861A1 (de) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-06 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Vormischbrenner mit mischstrecke |
WO2006094922A1 (de) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Vormischbrenner zum erzeugen eines zündfähigen brennstoff-luftgemisches |
US7402038B2 (en) * | 2005-04-22 | 2008-07-22 | The North American Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Combustion method and apparatus |
US7832365B2 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2010-11-16 | Fives North American Combustion, Inc. | Submerged combustion vaporizer with low NOx |
US20080081301A1 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2008-04-03 | Hannum Mark C | Low NOx combustion |
EP2058590B1 (de) * | 2007-11-09 | 2016-03-23 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners |
JP5473934B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-27 | 2014-04-16 | アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド | 水素を多く含む第二の燃料を用いてガスタービン設備を動作させる装置及び方法 |
CN101910723B (zh) * | 2007-11-27 | 2013-07-24 | 阿尔斯通技术有限公司 | 用于在预混燃烧器中燃烧氢气的设备 |
EP2837883B1 (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2018-04-04 | Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG | Premixed can annular combustor with mixing lobes for the second stage of a sequential gas turbine |
CN103574606B (zh) * | 2013-11-18 | 2016-01-06 | 南通宝聚颜料有限公司 | 一种氢气燃烧装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3180395A (en) * | 1962-12-14 | 1965-04-27 | Zink Co John | Liquid and gaseous fuel burner assembly producing a fan-shaped flame |
US4100733A (en) * | 1976-10-04 | 1978-07-18 | United Technologies Corporation | Premix combustor |
DE2950535A1 (de) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-06-11 | BBC AG Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau | Brennkammer einer gasturbine mit vormisch/vorverdampf-elementen |
DE3662462D1 (en) * | 1985-07-30 | 1989-04-20 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Dual combustor |
CH674561A5 (ja) * | 1987-12-21 | 1990-06-15 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
US5193995A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1993-03-16 | Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. | Apparatus for premixing-type combustion of liquid fuel |
BR8807917A (pt) * | 1988-09-02 | 1991-05-14 | American Combustion Inc | Processo e queimador para combustao de material combustivel |
CH679692A5 (ja) * | 1989-04-24 | 1992-03-31 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
CH680946A5 (ja) * | 1989-12-19 | 1992-12-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | |
CH682952A5 (de) * | 1991-03-12 | 1993-12-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | Brenner für eine Vormischverbrennung eines flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Brennstoffes. |
-
1992
- 1992-10-16 DE DE59209209T patent/DE59209209D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-16 EP EP92117673A patent/EP0592717B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1993
- 1993-09-13 US US08/120,086 patent/US5482457A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-15 JP JP25813593A patent/JP3553995B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-16 KR KR1019930021550A patent/KR940009586A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8484979B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2013-07-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Burner fuel staging |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3553995B2 (ja) | 2004-08-11 |
JPH06193841A (ja) | 1994-07-15 |
US5482457A (en) | 1996-01-09 |
DE59209209D1 (de) | 1998-04-02 |
KR940009586A (ko) | 1994-05-20 |
EP0592717A1 (de) | 1994-04-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0592717B1 (de) | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner | |
EP0576697B1 (de) | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine | |
DE4446945B4 (de) | Gasbetriebener Vormischbrenner | |
EP0571782B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbine | |
EP0387532B1 (de) | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine | |
EP0710797B1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners | |
EP0274630B1 (de) | Brenneranordnung | |
DE4411624A1 (de) | Brennkammer mit Vormischbrennern | |
EP0401529B1 (de) | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine | |
EP1754002B1 (de) | Gestufter vormischbrenner mit einem injektor für flüssigbrennstoff | |
EP0801268B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Gasturbinenbrennkammer | |
DE69525920T2 (de) | Brennstoffeinspritzeinrictung für mit gasförmigem oder flüssigem Brennstoff betriebene Turbine | |
EP1828684A1 (de) | Vormischbrenner mit mischstrecke | |
EP2116766A1 (de) | Brennstofflanze | |
EP1645802A2 (de) | Vormischbrenner | |
EP0481111B1 (de) | Brennkammer einer Gasturbine | |
EP2058590A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Brenners | |
EP0777081A2 (de) | Vormischbrenner | |
EP1235033B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Ringbrennkammer sowie eine Ringbrennkammer | |
EP0692675A2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines kombinierten Brenners für flüssige und gasförmige Brennstoffe | |
WO1999004196A1 (de) | Brenneranordnung für eine feuerungsanlage, insbesondere eine gasturbinenbrennkammer | |
EP0742411B1 (de) | Luftzuströmung zu einer Vormischbrennkammer | |
EP0483554B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Minimierung der NOx-Emissionen aus einer Verbrennung | |
EP0806558A2 (de) | Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer mit kombinierten Brennern für flüssige und gasförmige Brennstoffe bestückten Ringbrennkammer | |
DE19939235A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Erzeugen von heissen Gasen in einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Verbrennungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940907 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19960103 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): CH DE FR GB LI NL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19980225 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59209209 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19980402 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19980507 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19981031 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CA |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20101029 Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20110930 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20111005 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R081 Ref document number: 59209209 Country of ref document: DE Owner name: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD., CH Free format text: FORMER OWNER: ALSTOM, PARIS, FR Effective date: 20120621 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 59209209 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: UWE ROESLER, DE Effective date: 20120621 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 59209209 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: ROESLER, UWE, DIPL.-PHYS.UNIV., DE Effective date: 20120621 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: 732E Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20120802 AND 20120808 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59209209 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 59209209 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: TP Owner name: ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY LTD., CH Effective date: 20120918 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20121015 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20121015 |