Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B7/14—Suspended roofs
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
  • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
  • E04B2001/1951—Struts specially adapted therefor uninterrupted struts situated in the outer planes of the framework
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
  • E04B2001/1954—Struts specially adapted therefor uninterrupted struts connecting alternately with the outer planes of the framework, e.g. zig-zagging struts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
  • E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
  • E04B2001/1987—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework triangular grid
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/199—Details of roofs, floors or walls supported by the framework
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
  • E04B2001/1993—Details of framework supporting structure, e.g. posts or walls

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a spatial structure made of flat glass panes, rods, ropes and connecting elements.
• Structures of the type in question can be used for a wide variety of uses, in particular as a roof, for example in the form of a flat or pitched roof, as a facade, for example as a curtain wall, and as a bridge, for example as a bridge on two pillars, as a continuous girder bridge and the like.
• Structures which are essentially constructed from supports and cross beams which form fields between them. Glass panes are placed in these fields and attached to the structure or the beams of the structure.
• the stability or strength of the entire structure is determined practically exclusively by the supports and cross members or their mutual arrangement and fastening, while the glass panes are only supported. In other words, this means that the glass panes in the known structures practically do not contribute to the strength, but rather, due to their high weight, require a stronger dimensioning of the supporting structure or supporting structure constructed from the supports and cross members.
• the present invention has for its object to provide a spatial structure that has a lighter and more delicate structure in both functional and aesthetic terms.
• This object is achieved by a supporting structure according to the teaching of claim 1.
• the spatial structure of the invention essentially consists of flat glass panes, rods, ropes and connecting elements, the glass panes, the rods and the ropes forming a framework with truss fields.
• This framework includes the bars as compression bars and the ropes as traction ropes;
• the glass panes are arranged in this framework as pressure panes forming edge pressure elements.
• These pressure disks are connected in the region of their edges to the pressure rods which point away from the plane of the pressure disks with the aid of the connecting elements.
• the traction cables are arranged over the end points of the pressure rods, on the one hand, parallel to the edges of the pressure plates or, along the connecting lines between the pressure rods adjoining the pressure plates, and on the other hand as diagonal cables in the specialist fields.
• the tension cables running parallel to the edges of the pressure plates or along the connecting line ⁇ between the pressure rods create a compressive stress in the pressure plates, while the diagonal cables stabilize the framework.
• the invention is based on the idea that the glass panes are no longer used as purely passive, ie only held components, as in the known prior art, but rather the glass panes are actively used, ie essentially force-transmitting in the static structure of the Include the structure.
• This idea is based on the knowledge that the glass panes, as fragile components per se, are capable of absorbing and transmitting considerable forces or tensions, as long as these forces are introduced and transmitted practically exclusively as pure compressive forces in the plane of the pane and in particular bending moments can be reliably avoided.
• the feature “forming edge pressure elements” means that so-called edge pressure elements, ie essentially pressure stress concentration regions, build up in the boundary edge regions of the glass panes.
• the compressive stresses are introduced into the glass panes via the compression rods and the tension cables stretched between the respective compression rods, whereby on the one hand an equilibrium of forces is established within each glass pane and edge pressure elements acting between the respective compression rods are formed.
• the glass panes are therefore referred to as pressure plates in the context of the invention, these pressure plates performing the function of truss rods in the terminology of the prior art.
• the tensioning of both the pulling ropes and the diagonal ropes takes place, for example, using tension locks known per se, the amount of tensioning to be selected as a function of the stresses which the supporting structure has to take up in use, the glass panes and thus the pressure also being chosen ⁇ disks are dimensioned in accordance with these stresses.
• the appropriate interpretation takes the specialist, who the Applies statics laws and observes the stability criteria, depending on the respective application, with the aid of numerical statics or stability theory, for example using finite element analysis.
• the pressure rods which are connected to the pressure plates, are arranged so that they point away from the plane of the pressure plates.
• the length of the pressure bars or the respective protrusion beyond the plane of the pressure disk does not play a decisive role for the essence of the invention, but with increasing length of the pressure bars the force component of the diagonal cables stabilizing the structure and thus the overall stability of the structure increases.
• the pressure rods can in principle point away from the plane of the pressure plate plane at any angle. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the pressure bars run perpendicular to the plane of the pressure disks.
• the pressure disks can be made of any glass material and have any structure.
• the pressure panes are preferably designed as single-pane safety glass panes or as laminated safety glass panes, the laminated safety glass panes being constructed from two single-pane safety glass panes in accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
• the pressure bars for introducing the tensile forces of the ropes as a pressure load into the pressure disks are coupled to the edges of the pressure disks in the area thereof.
• the connection points of the pressure rods are arranged symmetrically to the center of gravity or center of the area of the pressure disks distributed over the circumference of the pressure disks. With such a symmetrical arrangement, a uniform and homogeneous stress distribution results in a simple manner.
• the shape of the thrust washers can in principle be chosen as a function of the particular application and in particular of the aesthetic impression to be achieved.
• the pressure disks preferably have a triangular outline, in particular in the form of an isosceles triangle, or a rectangular outline, in particular in the form of a square.
• the pressure disks can have the outline of a polygon, in particular a polygon with the same edge lengths.
• a particularly simple and statically controllable structure of a supporting structure according to the invention is obtained if all thrust washers have the same shape and are in particular of the same size.
• the individual thrust washers are arranged edge to edge to one another in a supporting structure and, with the exception of the joints, form a closed surface.
• a design will be preferred in particular if such a spatial structure is used as a roof or facade or roof element or facade element.
• the joints are preferably sealed.
• a spatial structure according to the invention does not have to fulfill the task of protection against weather influences, for example if such a structure is used as a curtain wall or as a more or less artistic object in isolation, it is particularly impressive from an aesthetic point of view Possibility that fields with and without pressure plates are arranged in the plane spanned by the pressure plates, with fields with pressure plates and fields without pressure plates alternating with one another.
• One such possibility for example, when using square thrust washers, is to arrange the thrust washers in a checkerboard fashion, with those corresponding to the black fields A thrust washer is arranged in each of the half-timbered fields, while empty spaces without thrust washers are formed in the half-timbered fields corresponding to the white fields.
• the spatial structure according to the invention can in principle be designed in any way as a spanned structure or as a structure braced on both sides. Especially in the case of an undersized, i.e. with respect to the plane of the pressure plate only braced on one side, the pressure rods only protrude on one side from the plane of the pressure plates. In the case of a construction braced on both sides, the pressure rods protrude on both sides beyond the plane of the pressure disks. However, not all pressure rods have to point away from the plane of the pressure disks either only on one side or on both sides; rather, a mixed arrangement is also possible within a spatial structure.
• the pull ropes ⁇ and the diagonal ropes are fastened at the end or at both ends of the push rods or guided over these ends.
• these pressure rods have corresponding guide and / or fastening devices at the respective ends, for example in the form of guide grooves, bores, clamping devices, turnbuckles or the like.
• the pressure rods are connected to the respectively assigned pressure plates via connecting elements.
• these connecting elements have two plates, between which the thrust washer is clamped.
• One of the two plates is in this case connected to the associated pressure rod or a part of this pressure rod and the other of the two plates can be clamped against the first plate with the interposed edge areas of the pressure plates.
• the bracing takes place via any clamping device per se, in the simplest case in particular via clamping screws.
• the clamping force which can be applied to the pressure disks via this clamping device is preferably selected such that the pressure forces introduced into or transmitted by the pressure disks exclusively via a frictional or non-positive connection between the two plates of the connection elements is initiated.
• inserts made of an elastomer material, in particular rubber are inserted between the upper and lower plate and the pressure disc clamped between the two plates. On the one hand, this improves the frictional coupling and, on the other hand, reliably prevents damage to the pressure plates.
• clamping screws are used, these can be guided, for example, through corresponding bores in the plates and corresponding bores or recesses in the pressure disks.
• the clamping screws are guided past the clamped edge regions of the thrust washers according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• Such a design can be implemented in a simple and easy manner, in particular in a spatial structure in which fields alternate with and without thrust washers.
• the shape of the edge region of the pressure plates assigned to the pressure rods is of no importance.
• the applied clamping or tensioning forces are not chosen or can be chosen so large that the edge area of the pressure disks bears against the
• pressure bars are to be excluded under all circumstances, the edge areas of the pressure disks assigned to the pressure bars are shaped such that they have a profile which is essentially complementary in shape to the outer profile of the pressure bars in the clamping area.
• the contact of the pressure disks on the pressure rods is as flat as possible and, associated therewith, a relatively low load or surface pressure is achieved.
• the pressure bars are essentially circular in cross section or, in the case of a hollow bar, circular configured, in which case the assigned edge regions of the pressure disks have a rounded bulge, the imaginary diameter of which is the same or slightly larger than the outer diameter of the pressure rods.
• a slightly larger diameter of this bulge is preferably to be provided if, according to one embodiment of the invention, an insert made of an elastomer material, in particular rubber, is introduced into the gap between the pressure rod and the associated edge regions of the pressure discs.
• the diameter of the bulge of the edge region of the pressure disks is to be chosen larger by the amount of the thickness of the insert in the gap than the outer diameter of the pressure rods.
• a spatial structure according to the invention can advantageously as a roof or ceiling of a building, as a facade or facade component or . also find general use as a bridge structure.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a pressure disk forming edge pressure element according to the invention
• Fig. 2 also shows a schematic representation of the structure of a structure according to the invention from the pressure plates according to Fig. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a detail from the spatial structure according to FIG. 2 with illustrated compression rods and tension or diagonal ropes;
• Figure 4 is a perspective view of a single "tower cell" from an embodiment of a structure according to the invention
• Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a single
• Fig. 6 shows a schematic representation of a section along the longitudinal axis of a compression rod
• Support structure according to the invention in a tensioned construction on both sides;
• FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a section along the longitudinal axis of a compression rod of a supporting structure according to the invention in a construction braced on one side;
• FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a cross section through a pressure rod with a connecting element and associated pressure disks
• Fig. 9 is a vertical section through the subject of
• Fig. 10 in a schematic side view of a spatial structure according to the invention in lower. tensioned construction
• FIG. 11 shows a schematic lateral view of a spatial structure in a construction braced on both sides
• the tensioning cables are adapted to the flow of force.
• a pressure plate according to the principles of the present invention is shown in a schematic representation.
• the pressure plate 1 has the shape of an isosceles triangle, a pressure rod 2 being connected to each corner of the pressure plate 1.
• the pressure bars 2 are only shown schematically in FIG. 1 and run essentially perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
• the compressive stresses are introduced via the compression rods 2 by traction cables, not shown, which each connect the compression rods 2 to one another and thus run parallel to the edges of the pressure plate 1. If these traction ropes and thus the push rods 2 are now braced against one another, the force vectors shown by arrows in FIG. 1 result, which as a result form a balance of forces.
• the compressive stresses are essentially concentrated on the edge regions of the thrust washer 1 represented by hatching, which is to be expressed by the term "forming an edge pressure element".
• a structure is schematically shown, which consists of a plurality, here L5, of pressure plates 1 and a plurality, here 21, of pressure rods 2, all pressure plates 1 forming the plane of the structure.
• the thrust washers which are designed as isosceles triangles, form a pyramid, the base sides of the price corners each pointing to the base of the pyramid.
• the corners of the pressure plates 1 abut each other, so that overall there is a flat pattern consisting of an alternating arrangement of pressure plates 1 and empty spaces 3.
• FIG. 2 The structural structure shown schematically in FIG. 2 is shown in detail in FIG. 3 in a perspective perspective representation. It can be seen from this illustration that the pressure rods 2 protrude on both sides beyond the plane formed by the pressure disks 1. So this is
• the pressure bars 2 are connected to the corners of the pressure plates 1 via connecting elements 4, which are described in more detail below.
• the ends 5 of the pressure rods 2 are connected to one another via prestressed traction cables 6, these traction cables 6 parallel to the edges of the pressure plates 1 run. These traction cables 6 serve to introduce the pressure load into the pressure disks 1.
• the ends 5 of the pressure rods 2 are connected to one another via diagonal cables 7, which stabilize the entire structure.
• the diagonal cables 7 each run in pairs in the planes which are formed by two push rods 2 each.
• FIG. 4 shows a so-called “truss cell”, which has the basic structure of a cell according to FIG. 3, but the cell shown in FIG. 4 relates only to a support structure braced on one side.
• This framework cell consists of a thrust washer 1 in the form of an isosceles triangle, to the three corners of which a pressure rod 2 is connected.
• the pressure rods 2 protrude only on one side over the plane of the pressure plate 1.
• the ends 5 of the pressure rods 2 pointing away from the pressure plate 1 are connected to one another via the pull cables 6, these pull cables again running parallel to the edges of the pressure plate 1.
• diagonal ropes 7 are arranged, each of which is tensioned from the base point 8, corresponding to the corner point of the triangular thrust washer 1, to the ends 5 of the adjacent push rods 2. This also results in a diagonal bracing in each of the three levels formed by two pressure bars 2 each.
• a half-timbered cell is shown in perspective, the structure of which corresponds essentially to the half-timbered cell according to Fig. 4, but with the thrust washer 1 being in the shape of a square.
• the guidance of the pulling ropes 6 and the diagonal ropes 7 also essentially corresponds to the arrangement according to FIG. 4.
• pane 1 shows a section of a section through a supporting structure according to the invention along the longitudinal axis of a pressure rod 2, the pressure rod protruding on both sides beyond the plane formed by the pressure disc 1.
• pane 1 consists of two single-pane safety glass panes 1a and 1b, which together form a laminated safety glass pane.
• the two ends 5 of the push rod 2 each have a guide or fastening device 9, 10 for the pulling ropes 6 or diagonal ropes 7, which is only shown schematically.
• the pressure plate 1 is connected to the pressure rod 2 via a fastening device 4, which is explained in more detail below.
• FIG. 7 essentially corresponds to the illustration in FIG. 6, but in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 the pressure rod 2 only projects on one side beyond the plane of the pressure disk 1.
• the fastening device 4 is essentially of the same construction as the fastening device according to FIG. 6, but the fastening device 4 is not arranged centrally on the pressure rod 2, but rather at an axial end.
• the connecting element 4 has a lower plate 11 which is fastened to the pressure rod 2, for example welded on.
• the lower plate 11, like the pressure rod 2, has an essentially circular cross section.
• the lower plate 11 further has three tongue-like projecting support areas 12 evenly distributed on the circumference, on which the pressure disks 1 come to rest.
• the tongue-shaped regions open radially outward with essentially the same central angle as the assigned triangle angle of the pressure disk 1.
• Two through bores 13 are formed in the areas of the lower plate lying between the tongue-shaped regions 12.
• Plate 14 which essentially corresponds in shape to the lower plate 11, is attached to the pressure rod 2 from above with at least slight radial play and brought to bear on the pressure plates 1 from above.
• clamping screws 15 are then inserted through the corresponding aligned bores of the upper plate 14 and the lower plate 11 and the two plates 11, 14 are screwed to one another by means of these clamping screws 15.
• the assembled arrangement can be seen schematically in particular from the illustration according to FIG.
• FIG. 9 which represents a section along the line AA according to FIG. 8.
• each are between the plates and the facing surfaces of the pressure plate 1 inserts 16 made of an elastomer material, in particular rubber.
• an insert 18 made of an elastomer material, in particular rubber, can be inserted into the gap between the pressure rod 2 and the pressure plate 1 in order to cause the pressure plates to collide hard when large pressure stresses occur in the plane of the pressure plate 1 and the pressure rods
• FIG. 10 and 11 again schematically show two fundamentally possible arrangements of a spatial structure according to the present invention, FIG. 10 showing an under-tensioned structure with pressure rods 2 projecting only on one side over the plane of the pressure plates 1
• FIG. 11 a construction braced on both sides with compression rods 2 protruding on both sides beyond the pressure plate plane.
• FIGS. 12 and 13 also show two possible basic variants of a spatial structure according to the invention, the surface formed by the pressure disks 1 being adapted to the force flow in the embodiment according to FIG. 12, while in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13 the thrust washers 1 form a plane and the tensioning cables are adapted to the flow of force.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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ID=6457841

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

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Family Cites Families (6)

• 1993
  • 1993-04-30 JP JP5518834A patent/JPH07500391A/ja active Pending
  • 1993-04-30 DE DEDE9300378T patent/DE4391820D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-04-30 EP EP93909354A patent/EP0592640A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1993-04-30 WO PCT/DE1993/000378 patent/WO1993022520A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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