EP0569069A1 - Form zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen und Vorrichtung zum Füllen dieser Form - Google Patents

Form zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen und Vorrichtung zum Füllen dieser Form Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0569069A1
EP0569069A1 EP93201035A EP93201035A EP0569069A1 EP 0569069 A1 EP0569069 A1 EP 0569069A1 EP 93201035 A EP93201035 A EP 93201035A EP 93201035 A EP93201035 A EP 93201035A EP 0569069 A1 EP0569069 A1 EP 0569069A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
mold
core
active surface
aperture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP93201035A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0569069B1 (de
Inventor
Lodovico Bardelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mass SpA
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Mass SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0569069A1 publication Critical patent/EP0569069A1/de
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Publication of EP0569069B1 publication Critical patent/EP0569069B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
    • B30B15/022—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/021—Ram heads of special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0091—Transformable moulds allowing the change of shape of an initial moulded preform by preform deformation or the change of its size by moulding on the preform

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the processing of ceramic tiles, and more particularly to a mold and trolley unit for their formation.
  • the invention relates to a mold of the movable die-plate type, the essential features of which will be apparent hereinafter.
  • molds comprising an upper plate provided lowerly with at least one pressing die, an intermediate plate or die-plate with a corresponding through forming cavity into which at least one material to be compacted, such as atomized clay, is loaded by a suitable trolley, and a lower plate provided upperly with a pressing die which defines the base of said cavity.
  • the upper plate is supported by the vertically movable cross-member of the press which supports and operates the mold, the die-plate is positioned on the press base and the lower plate moves vertically in order to allow said at least one material to be loaded into said cavity, to allow the plate itself to rest on the press base at each individual "pressing", and to allow the tile to be extracted from said cavity.
  • the die-plate In certain types of mold the die-plate is stationary in height relative to the press base or bed, whereas in other types of mold, to which the present invention relates in particular, the die-plate is mounted on yieldable supports such as springs or hydraulic dampers, so that during pressing it is pushed downwards by the mold upper plate.
  • One of the essential features which differentiates said ceramic mold groups is the relative arrangement of the "reverse-face” dies (ie the dies which form the tile laying face) and the "exposed-face” dies (ie the dies which form the tile exposed face).
  • the active surface of said dies can be of either a particularly hard material such as metal, or a relatively soft material such as vulcanized rubber.
  • the invention relates specifically to a mold of the third of the aforelisted groups, ie a "double mirror" mold.
  • the main object of the present invention is therefore to satisfy the aforesaid requirements within the context of a simple and rational construction.
  • the proposed mold is of the "double mirror" type as defined in the introduction, with each upper die there being associated at least one core which is slidingly received in a conjugate through aperture provided in the die and is securely fixed to the movable cross-member of the press, so that the active surface of the die lies beyond that of said at least one core when the die is in its forward position and is coplanar therewith when the die is in its rearward position, in the active surface of said at least one core there being provided narrow passages connected to a suction unit which alternately puts the free part of said through aperture under vacuum when the die is advanced, so as to fill said free part with a pulverulent material drawn from a corresponding service loader, and then breaks the vacuum in said free part, with simultaneous release of said pulverulent material which (on pressing) becomes incorporated into the material, such as atomized clay, present in the cavity of the die-plate.
  • said narrow passages consist of a small transverse clearance provided between the free terminal part of said at least one core and the corresponding through aperture, and having a width less than the particle size of the pulverulent material being worked.
  • the front of the insert can be worked with reliefs or recesses if the active surface of said at least one core has a corresponding decorative motif which is respectively recessed or in relief.
  • Means are also provided for feeding the upper die with the material which is to temporarily fill the lower end of the aperture containing said at least one core, said means either being able to move independently relative to the ceramic mold, or being positioned on the trolley which loads the cavity of the die-plate.
  • Figure 1 is a partly sectional elevation showing the invention in the open position.
  • Figure 2 represents part of the preceding figure, showing the invention on termination of loading.
  • Figure 3 is a partial view to an enlarged scale taken in the direction III of Figure 3.
  • Figure 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Figure 3, showing a die with a metal active surface.
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to the preceding, showing a die with its active surface lined with vulcanized rubber.
  • FIGSaid figures, and in particular Figure 1 show the mold intermediate plate 1 or die-plate, comprising at least one forming cavity 2, which can be of right-angled shape in plan view, or not.
  • Said die-plate 2 is supported by a perimetral series of damper devices 3, for example of hydraulic type and four in number, of which only one is visible in the figure.
  • the dampers 3 are positioned on the bed of a usual ceramic press (not shown), the same bed supporting the mold lower plate (not shown) by way of devices for adjusting its height.
  • Said lower plate is provided upperly with a block 4, on which the is fixed a "reverse-face” die, ie for forming the laying face of the tile 6.
  • the active (upper) face of the die 5 can be of metal or vulcanized rubber, the die 5 being fixed to the block by any known system.
  • Said trolley 77 comprises a loader 70 of the type consisting of a series of horizontal slats positioned transversely to the trolley travel direction (from left to right and vice versa), a forward scraper 71 for levelling the clay 66 (see Figure 2) deposited into the cavity 2 and for cleaning the upper face of the die-plate 1, and a pusher 72 for removing the formed tile 6.
  • a loader separate from the said loader 70 can be associated with the trolley 77 to deposit a different pulverulent material on the clay loaded by the loader 70.
  • the reference numeral 9 indicates the ceramic mold upper plate, which is supported by the overlying vertically mobile cross-member 10 of the ceramic press.
  • the plate 9 is slidingly mounted on a perimetral series of vertical cylindrical bars 12, of which only one is visible in the figure, these being fixed at their upper end to the cross-member 10, whereas at their lower end they support a counter die-plate 11.
  • This latter has a forming cavity 22 vertically aligned with the cavity 2 of the die-plate 1 and defined by an underlying metal frame 111 which rests against the die-plate 1 during pressing.
  • an "exposed-face” die 55 ie for forming the exposed-face of the tile 6, its active (lower) surface being either of metal or of vulcanized rubber.
  • the die 55 is fixed to an overlying block 44 by electromagnetic means 40, said block 44 being fixed to the plate 9.
  • the piston 13 is slidingly received, under sealed conditions, in a cup-shaped body with a holed base, which is housed in a respective lower recess in the cross-member 10.
  • the plate 9 is fixed to the rod 130 of the piston 13, which lies between a lower chamber 14 and an upper chamber 15.
  • the upper chamber 15 is connected via a duct 150, and by way of suitable valve means (not shown), to a pressurized hydraulic liquid source, such as the hydraulic circuit of the press.
  • the lower chamber 14 is directly connected via a respective duct 140 to the base of a pressurized hydraulic vessel (not shown) in which the pressure is maintained by an atmosphere of inert gas.
  • control devices can be provided conforming to Italian Patent Application No. RE 92 A 000009 filed in the name of the present Applicant.
  • the upper die 55 is provided with at least one perpendicular through aperture 80 which slidingly receives a core 81.
  • said core 81 has a circular cross-section, however this cross-section can vary both in shape and size.
  • said core 81 there is a longitudinal blind hole 82, from the base of which there extends a series of equidistant radial holes 83, four in number in the illustrated example (see Figures 3, 4 and 5), which open into the outer lateral surface of the core 81.
  • the width of said gap 84 can vary from 0.04 to 0.4 mm, this width depending strictly on the characteristics, and in particular the particle size, of the pulverulent materials used in tile manufacture.
  • said core 81 is fixed to the cross-member 10 by a hollow screw 85 which at one end communicates with the hole 82 and at its other end is connected to a pipe 16.
  • This latter is connected via a filter 17 and solenoid valve 18 to a vessel 19 with which a vacuum pump 20 is associated.
  • a loading device not shown in the figure, is also provided, which is able to slide relative to the mold such as to occupy a rest position to the side of this latter (to the right in Figure 1), and a working position in which it lies between the die-plate 1 and the counter die-plate 11, at a short distance from this latter.
  • Said device can be a trolley provided with a loader able to feed into the free part of the aperture 80 a suitable material, such as clay 88 (see Figure 2) having a different colour from the material 66 to be deposited in the cavity 2, or clay mixed with powdered ceramic glaze.
  • a suitable material such as clay 88 (see Figure 2) having a different colour from the material 66 to be deposited in the cavity 2, or clay mixed with powdered ceramic glaze.
  • said service loader is associated with a clay trolley 77 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the loader consists of a relatively narrow, upperly open container comprising a flat horizontal base 21, a lateral surface defined by a bellows 23, and an annular upper frame 24 the front and rear edges of which are suitably bevelled.
  • the frame 24 is supported by the trolley 77 by way of two cam devices 26, of which only one is shown in the figure, said base 21 being connected to the frame 24 by at least one cylinder-piston unit 25.
  • an elastic blade 28 also being associated with the frame 24.
  • Suitable adjustment means are also provided to select the extent of vacuum in the vessel 19 on the basis of the type of material contained in the loader 23.
  • the described mold operates in the following manner.
  • the active face of the die 5 is moved to the level of the upper face of the die-plate 1 (see Figure 1), where it supports the tile 6, the cross-member 10 is raised, and the upper die 55 is positioned practically flush with the lower face of the frame 111.
  • This position of the die 55 corresponds to the expulsion of the tile 6 from the cavity 22.
  • the active surface of the die 55 projects beyond that of the core 81 by a distance of practically 0.5 s , where s is the thickness of clay (or other material) to be loaded into the cavity 2.
  • the trolley 77 is enabled to advance, by which the pusher 72 removes the tile 6 which has just been formed, then the die 5 is lowered into the loading position shown in Figure 2, in which its active surface is spaced from the upper face of the die-plate 1 by a distance s .
  • the cams 26 are enabled, for example by an electromagnetic proximity switch or the like, to raise the frame 24 practically to the level of the active surface of the die 55.
  • the cylinder-piston unit 25 (or the like) raises the base 21 and hence also the overlying clay (or other material), the cylinder-piston unit 25 then halting under the control of the probe 27.
  • the solenoid valve 18 opens and the vacuum present in the vessel 19, for example of the order of - 0.5 bar, propagates into the free (lower) part of the aperture 80.
  • said free part is filled with clay 88 (or other material, see Figure 2), which is levelled by the blade 28.
  • the cavity 2 is filled with clay (or other material).
  • the loader 70 operates first, seeing that the previously formed tile 6 has to be removed, after which the other loader (not shown) operates.
  • the (lower) plate (not shown) which supports the die 5 is lowered to rest on the press bed, after which pressing commences.
  • the tile 6 comprises (at least) one insert 8 ( Figure 1) firmly bonded to the surrounding material, to form part of the exposed-face of the tile.
  • said insert 8 is virtually “set” into the surrounding material in that its exposed perimetral edge is sharply separated or distinct from this latter, as has been found by tests carried out with a mold prototype according to the invention.
  • inserts 8 of any form can be obtained, hence achieving aesthetic and/or ornamental effects never before achieved. This is particularly so, if two or more cores 81 identically shaped or not, and/or of different dimensions, are associated with the upper die 55.
  • the same tile can have two or more inserts 8 of different colour, shape and dimensions.
  • the exposed perimetral edge of said at least one insert 8 is precisely defined, after firing the tiles 6 can be either used as such or be glazed with transparent glaze, however there is nothing to prevent them undergoing surface grinding (or dressing) to better emphasize the setting of the inserts 8 in the manner of a mosaic.
  • the inserts 8 can be formed with reliefs or recesses, by correspondingly making the active surface of the core 81 recessed or in relief respectively.
  • the depth of the free part of the aperture 80 ( Figure 2) before loading the material 88 is practically equal to one half the loading depth s of the cavity 2, so that the thickness of the insert "set” into the tile 6 (see Figure 1) is substantially one half the thickness of the tile.
  • the insert 8 can have any other thickness than that stated. If desired, the insert can be of practically the same thickness as the formed or pressed tile 6.
  • the active (lower) surface of said core 81 is provided with a plurality of mutually communicating small incisions which open into the lateral surface of the core 81, and hence into said gap 84.
  • said incisions consist of small grooves 840 provided in the active surface of the core 81, and indicated by dashed and dotted lines in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the depth and width of said grooves 840 are of the same order of magnitude as the width of said gap 84.
  • said incisions are in the form of cuts 842 (see Figure 5) which are flared towards their outer mouth and are transversely inclined to the horizontal. The purpose of said flaring and inclination is to prevent the cuts 842 becoming clogged.
  • the desired suction effect for drawing the material 88 into the lower part of the aperture 80 can also be achieved by providing the lower end of the core 81 with a series of incisions (similar to the aforedescribed grooves 840 or cuts 842) communicating with the overlying ducting 82-83.
  • said incisions can be formed by placing side by side a series of blocks with their facing sides toothed, so that the spaces between the teeth form the connection between said incisions and said ducting 82-83.
  • said incisions consist of cuts such as 842, the connection between these and said ducting being achieved via a layer of cloth or other air-permeable textile material to which the rubber is fixed, and via a densely perforated metal sheet interposed between said cloth and said ducting 82-83.
  • a core 810 fixed at its end to a pillar 86 supported by the press bed.
  • the pillar 86 is supported by a pack of cup springs or the like, the pillar being lowerly provided with an enlarged retention head which defines its end-of-travel position.
  • Said pillar 86 is also provided with a support foot to determine its lower end-of-travel position on termination of pressing, when the active surface of the core 810 is practically flush with that of the die 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
EP93201035A 1992-05-07 1993-04-08 Form zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen und Vorrichtung zum Füllen dieser Form Expired - Lifetime EP0569069B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE920035A IT1257498B (it) 1992-05-07 1992-05-07 Stampo ceramico per la formatura di piastrelle, e relativi mezzi di carico
ITRE920035 1992-05-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0569069A1 true EP0569069A1 (de) 1993-11-10
EP0569069B1 EP0569069B1 (de) 1997-06-11

Family

ID=11398193

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93201035A Expired - Lifetime EP0569069B1 (de) 1992-05-07 1993-04-08 Form zum Herstellen von keramischen Fliesen und Vorrichtung zum Füllen dieser Form

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0569069B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE154278T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69311437D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1257498B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693351A1 (de) * 1994-07-23 1996-01-24 KOBRA FORMEN-UND ANLAGENBAU GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonsteinen
EP0749815A1 (de) * 1995-06-21 1996-12-27 Franz Carl Nüdling Basaltwerke GmbH & Co. KG Mit einer geometrischen Oberflächengestaltung versehenen Formling, sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung
LU90326B1 (de) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-05 Chaux De Contern Societe Anony Betonplatten und Betonsteine sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CN117140719A (zh) * 2023-09-26 2023-12-01 山东狮子王新材料科技有限公司 一种高效瓷砖生产系统

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1202465B (de) * 1960-01-29 1965-10-07 Agrob A G Fuer Grob Und Feinke Gleitsichere Bodenfliese mit rauhen Einlagen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE2513072A1 (de) * 1974-04-04 1975-10-16 Longinotti Spa Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abmessen und transportieren eines halbtrockenen materials fuer die herstellung von kunststeinen
GB2148782A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-06-05 Hutschenreuther Moulding a dry-pressed moulding from a particulate or granular moulding material
EP0414149A2 (de) * 1989-08-19 1991-02-27 Inax Corporation Keramikplatte mit eingelegtem Ornament und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1202465B (de) * 1960-01-29 1965-10-07 Agrob A G Fuer Grob Und Feinke Gleitsichere Bodenfliese mit rauhen Einlagen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE2513072A1 (de) * 1974-04-04 1975-10-16 Longinotti Spa Verfahren und vorrichtung zum abmessen und transportieren eines halbtrockenen materials fuer die herstellung von kunststeinen
GB2148782A (en) * 1983-10-31 1985-06-05 Hutschenreuther Moulding a dry-pressed moulding from a particulate or granular moulding material
EP0414149A2 (de) * 1989-08-19 1991-02-27 Inax Corporation Keramikplatte mit eingelegtem Ornament und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0693351A1 (de) * 1994-07-23 1996-01-24 KOBRA FORMEN-UND ANLAGENBAU GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Betonsteinen
EP0749815A1 (de) * 1995-06-21 1996-12-27 Franz Carl Nüdling Basaltwerke GmbH & Co. KG Mit einer geometrischen Oberflächengestaltung versehenen Formling, sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu dessen Herstellung
LU90326B1 (de) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-05 Chaux De Contern Societe Anony Betonplatten und Betonsteine sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
EP1005966A1 (de) * 1998-12-02 2000-06-07 S.A.DES Chaux DE CONTERN Betonplatten und Betonsteine, sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CN117140719A (zh) * 2023-09-26 2023-12-01 山东狮子王新材料科技有限公司 一种高效瓷砖生产系统
CN117140719B (zh) * 2023-09-26 2024-04-12 山东狮子王新材料科技有限公司 一种高效瓷砖生产系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITRE920035A0 (it) 1992-05-07
ATE154278T1 (de) 1997-06-15
IT1257498B (it) 1996-01-25
DE69311437D1 (de) 1997-07-17
EP0569069B1 (de) 1997-06-11
ITRE920035A1 (it) 1993-11-07

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